Qualification of Dissolution Test Apparatus and Validation of Utility System this presentation will help to enhance your knowledge in validation and qualification area.
Simple and Effective Solution for Equipment Calibration, PM (Preventative Maintenance) and OOT (Out of Tolerance) Management. Use Calibration Management Software for increased productivity and meet the compliance requirements for ISO and FDA.
Calibration of the measuring instrument is the process in which the readings obtained from the instrument are compared with the sub-standards in the laboratory at several points along the scale of the instrument. As per the results obtained from the readings obtained of the instrument and the sub-standards, the curve is plotted. If the instrument is accurate there will be matching of the scales of the instrument and the sub-standard. If there is deviation of the measured value from the instrument against the standard value, the instrument is calibrated to give the correct values.
All the new instruments have to be calibrated against some standard in the very beginning. For the new instrument the scale is marked as per the sub-standards available in the laboratories, which are meant especially for this purpose. After continuous use of the instrument for long periods of time, sometimes it loses its calibration or the scale gets distorted, in such cases the instrument can be calibrated again if it is in good reusable condition.
Even if the instruments in the factory are working in the good condition, it is always advisable to calibrate them from time-to-time to avoid wrong readings of highly critical parameters. This is very important especially in the companies where very high precision jobs are manufactured with high accuracy.
All the measuring instruments for measurement of length, pressure, temperature etc should be calibrated against some standard scale at the regular intervals as specified by the manufacturer. There are different methods or techniques of calibration, which are applied depending on whether it is routine calibration or if it is for special purpose where highly accurate calibration of the instruments is desired. In many cases different methods of calibration are applied for all the individual instruments. No what type of calibrations is being done, all of them are done in the laboratory.
The calibration of the instrument is done in the laboratory against the sub-standard instruments, which are used very rarely for this sole purpose. These sub-standards are kept in highly controlled air-conditioned atmosphere so that there their scale does not change with the external atmospheric changes.
To maintain the accuracy of the sub-standards, they are checked periodically against some standard which is kept in the metrological laboratories under highly secured, safe, clean and air conditioned atmosphere. Finally, standards can be checked against the absolute measurements of the quantity, which the instruments are designed to measure.
Calibration is the activity of checking, by comparison with a standard, the accuracy of a measuring instrument of any type. It may also include adjustment of the instrument to bring it into alignment with the standard
In any kind of manufacturing industry, the calibration of instrument plays a very important role and also it occupies a very significant place. Whenever a product comes into existence, back of it there's a perfect flow calibration. Calibration is a set of operations, which under certain conditions build relationships amongst values indicated by a measuring instrument.
The objective of any chemical analytical measurement is to get consistent, reliable and accurate data.
Proper functioning and performance of analytical instruments and computer systems plays a major role in achieving this goal.
Therefore, analytical instrument qualification (AIQ) and calibration should be part of any good analytical practice.
Qualification of Dissolution Test Apparatus and Validation of Utility System this presentation will help to enhance your knowledge in validation and qualification area.
Simple and Effective Solution for Equipment Calibration, PM (Preventative Maintenance) and OOT (Out of Tolerance) Management. Use Calibration Management Software for increased productivity and meet the compliance requirements for ISO and FDA.
Calibration of the measuring instrument is the process in which the readings obtained from the instrument are compared with the sub-standards in the laboratory at several points along the scale of the instrument. As per the results obtained from the readings obtained of the instrument and the sub-standards, the curve is plotted. If the instrument is accurate there will be matching of the scales of the instrument and the sub-standard. If there is deviation of the measured value from the instrument against the standard value, the instrument is calibrated to give the correct values.
All the new instruments have to be calibrated against some standard in the very beginning. For the new instrument the scale is marked as per the sub-standards available in the laboratories, which are meant especially for this purpose. After continuous use of the instrument for long periods of time, sometimes it loses its calibration or the scale gets distorted, in such cases the instrument can be calibrated again if it is in good reusable condition.
Even if the instruments in the factory are working in the good condition, it is always advisable to calibrate them from time-to-time to avoid wrong readings of highly critical parameters. This is very important especially in the companies where very high precision jobs are manufactured with high accuracy.
All the measuring instruments for measurement of length, pressure, temperature etc should be calibrated against some standard scale at the regular intervals as specified by the manufacturer. There are different methods or techniques of calibration, which are applied depending on whether it is routine calibration or if it is for special purpose where highly accurate calibration of the instruments is desired. In many cases different methods of calibration are applied for all the individual instruments. No what type of calibrations is being done, all of them are done in the laboratory.
The calibration of the instrument is done in the laboratory against the sub-standard instruments, which are used very rarely for this sole purpose. These sub-standards are kept in highly controlled air-conditioned atmosphere so that there their scale does not change with the external atmospheric changes.
To maintain the accuracy of the sub-standards, they are checked periodically against some standard which is kept in the metrological laboratories under highly secured, safe, clean and air conditioned atmosphere. Finally, standards can be checked against the absolute measurements of the quantity, which the instruments are designed to measure.
Calibration is the activity of checking, by comparison with a standard, the accuracy of a measuring instrument of any type. It may also include adjustment of the instrument to bring it into alignment with the standard
In any kind of manufacturing industry, the calibration of instrument plays a very important role and also it occupies a very significant place. Whenever a product comes into existence, back of it there's a perfect flow calibration. Calibration is a set of operations, which under certain conditions build relationships amongst values indicated by a measuring instrument.
The objective of any chemical analytical measurement is to get consistent, reliable and accurate data.
Proper functioning and performance of analytical instruments and computer systems plays a major role in achieving this goal.
Therefore, analytical instrument qualification (AIQ) and calibration should be part of any good analytical practice.
National Accreditation Board for testing and Calibration laboratory (NABL)harshadapadwal2
National Accreditation Board for testing and Calibration laboratory (NABL) is accreditation body for laboratories in India.
NABL is a constituent Board of Quality Council of India (QCI). QCI is a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India is the nodal Department for QCI.
NABL has been established with the objective of providing Government, Industry Associations and Industry in general with a scheme of Conformity Assessment Body’s accreditation which involves third-party assessment of the technical competence of testing including medical and calibration laboratories, proficiency testing providers and reference material producers.
The laboratory accreditation services to testing and calibration laboratories are provided in accordance with ISO/ IEC 17025: 2005 or ISO/IEC 17025:2017 ‘General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories’ and ISO 15189: 2012 ‘Medical laboratories -- Requirements for quality and competence’
The accreditation to Proficiency testing providers are based on ISO/IEC 17043 :2010 “Conformity assessment – General requirements for proficiency testing”
The accreditation to Reference Material Producers based on ISO 17034:2016 - General requirements for the competence of reference material producers ”
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
2. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
Page 2 of 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. PURPOSE............................................................................................................................................... 3
2. DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 3
3. ANAB RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ............................................................................................. 3
3.1. Testing Scope of Accreditation ...................................................................................................... 5
3.2. Calibration Scope of Accreditation............................................................................................... 5
4 USE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ................................................................... 5
5. SCOPES OF ACCREDITATION REPORTING EXAMPLES......................................................... 6
6. DRAFTING THE ANAB SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION ............................................................... 6
7. UNCERTAINTY ISSUES ...................................................................................................................... 7
8. SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION FLEXIBILITY ................................................................................ 7
9. REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................ 7
ANNEX A. EXAMPLE OF SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION FOR TESTING............................. 9
ANNEX B. EXAMPLE OF SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION FOR CALIBRATION....................... 10
3. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
Page 3 of 10
1. PURPOSE
This document is intended to assist in drafting scopes of accreditation, and to clarify ILAC guidance
documents and ANAB requirements, while helping to standardize formats across the range of potential
accredited tests and calibrations in the sphere of ISO/IEC 17025 accredited operations.
While a laboratory’s scope of accreditation is issued as an ANAB document and published on the ANAB
website, it is also understood to be a marketing document for the accredited laboratory. As such, the
entries on the scope of accreditation need to be well understood by potential customers and users of the
accredited laboratory.1
This document outlines minimum requirements and sets frameworks within which a laboratory can
exercise flexibility in its scope of accreditation, while allowing ANAB to meet the requirements set forth
in ISO/IEC 17011 and by the international regional co-operations of which ANAB is a member.
2. DEFINITIONS
Accreditation: Third-party attestation that a laboratory has demonstrated competence to carry out specific
tasks. The process of verification of laboratory competence to ISO/IEC 17025 and any associated
accreditation body requirements, resulting in the issuance of a certificate and scope of accreditation for a
defined period of time.
Scope of accreditation: The document published on an accreditation body website listing the witnessed
and approved calibrations and/or tests compliant to ISO/IEC 17025.
ILAC: International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation, the international body that helps standardize
and recognize accreditation systems worldwide and publishes documents to support these efforts.
Assessment process: Operations carried out by an accreditation body to ensure with an adequate degree
of confidence that the laboratory has the competence to provide reliable services within the defined scope
of accreditation.
3. ANAB RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
All scopes of accreditation for ANAB should abide by the following guidelines as much as possible.
The scope of accreditation should consist of three main sections:
• Scope header
• Table of accredited items
• Scope footer (notes)
To assist laboratories and assessors in drafting scopes of accreditation, ANAB provides templates
formatted with much of the necessary information.
1
ANAB understands that sometimes there is a need to cooperate with the accredited laboratory regarding terminology and
formatting as long as such cooperation does not disadvantage the laboratory or the accreditation body striving for consistency and
transparency in its operations.
4. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
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The scope header should include:
• ANAB logo
• Laboratory name and address2
• One or two contact persons for the laboratory
• Main phone number for contacting the laboratory
• Main category or categories of accreditation (calibration, testing, or both)
• Certificate number
• Expiration date of the accreditation (“valid to” date).
In the table of accredited items, the scope should have headers for each section of the table corresponding
to the general fields of testing or calibration found in ILAC guidance documents and the ANAB ISO/IEC
17025 application [Calibration/Measurement (or Testing) Areas and Parameters].
Calibration scopes of accreditation include:
• Electromagnetic – DC/Low Frequency
• Electromagnetic – RF/Microwave
• Optical/Fiber-Optical Radiation
• Time and Frequency
• Thermodynamic
• Mechanical
• Dimensional
• Ionizing Radiation
• Chemical Quantities
Testing scopes of accreditation include:
• Acoustics and Vibration
• Biological or Microbiological
• Chemical
• Construction Material
• Dimensional Inspection/Measurement
• Electrical
• Environmental
• Mechanical (or Metallurgical)
• Non-Destructive
• Optical or Photometric or Radiometric
• Thermal
Some of these general fields are multi-disciplinary and may have sub-categories or sub-disciplines. Some
of these terms may become dividers in the accreditation scope with terms such as “EMC Testing” as part
of Electrical Testing, “Ballistics Testing” as part of Mechanical Testing, or “Wastewater Testing” as part
of Biological or Environmental testing.3
2
The full laboratory name and address is the official legal name of the laboratory and the physical location of the
main laboratory location as identified by the laboratory.
3
These sub-disciplines play a critical part in a laboratory PT/ILC program. The design of the PT/ILC coverage
within the four-year accreditation period needs to address every sub-discipline in the accredited scope. See ANAB
Guidance on PT/ILC for more information.
5. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
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The column headings in the table of accredited items should follow the calibration and/or testing scope
template in the ANAB application for accreditation and on ANAB’s website.
3.1. Testing Scope of Accreditation
It is recommended that at a minimum the following elements be included in the scope table for most
testing laboratories, and be conveyed as best possible in the column headings:
a) The group of products, materials, or items tested
b) The specific tests or types of tests performed
c) The specification, standard method, or technique used
d) The reference standards and key equipment or technology used in the testing
e) Any additional information (as practical) related to the range of testing or measurement, limits of
detection, etc.
f) Associated uncertainties, if applicable
An example of a typical testing scope of accreditation is provided in Annex A.
3.2. Calibration Scope of Accreditation
As defined in ILAC guidance documents and ANAB requirements, the following headings should be
included in the scope table for most calibration laboratories at a minimum:
a) The measuring instrument or type of instrument, measuring system, items, or reference materials
measured or calibrated
b) The specific calibrations performed (properties measured or the quantities measured)
c) The specification (where available), standard method, or technique used
d) The specific ranges of measurement recognized
e) The calibration and measurement capability (CMC) for each listed range, expressed as an
uncertainty with the appropriate confidence level
f) The measuring instruments, reference standards, and key accessories used to perform the
calibrations
g) Any additional information as practicable such as equipment type or manufacturer
An example of a typical calibration scope of accreditation is provided in Annex B.
In the ANAB calibration scope of accreditation, two notes are included at the end of the last table at a
minimum, as follows:
• Calibration and measurement capabilities (CMC) (expanded uncertainties) are based on an
approximately 95% confidence interval, using a coverage of k=2.
• This scope is part of and must be included with the Certificate of Accreditation No. AC-XXXX
Additional notes should be added as needed to clarify the information in the body of the scope.
4 USE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
ANAB policy is to to follow as closely as possible the guidance of NIST 330 and 811 for listing all scope
entries for range values and uncertainty (CMC) numbers or expressions. This formatting guidance for the
International System of Units (SI) is invaluable but not absolute in countless scope of accreditation
listings. Laboratory representatives are encouraged to use this document in their drafts and confer with
ANAB assessors and Accreditation Managers whenever possible to avoid lengthy redrafts.
6. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
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5. SCOPES OF ACCREDITATION REPORTING EXAMPLES
Those who work with electrical calibration scopes find many complicated listings. The lab is responsible
for deciding which and how many ranges will be listed on the scope for each parameter. Because an
uncertainty budget is required for each range and, in most cases, the more ranges listed the better the
CMC in each range, the lab must balance the time needed for maintenance of these budgets with their
desired CMC.
Whenever possible, the units of measure should be the same for the ranges and CMC values.
For electrical parameters (Electromagnetic – DC/Low Frequency and RF/Microwave, Time and
Frequency, and Fiber Optics) and thermodynamic, ANAB’s policy is that parameters be listed in terms of
the discipline (for example, “AC Voltage” and not the type of unit calibrated). For most Electromagnetic-
DC/Low Frequency parameters, drafters should use the standard terms “Source” and “Measure” on the
scope of accreditation along with voltage, current, resistance, power, etc., whenever possible.
For non-electrical calibration parameters, in most cases ANAB follows the generally accepted method of
listing specific types of units under test (for example “calipers”) instead of types of measurements, as in
the electrical parameters.
Many ANAB scopes of accreditation contain a listing under Dimensional Calibration for “linear
measurement.” These listings should to be moved to Dimensional Testing on an attrition basis and a
separate listing should be used based on the type of equipment calibrated (e.g., gage blocks, rulers, optical
comparators, etc.). These listings are witnessed separately during full assessments.
Because of the large contribution to uncertainty caused by one type A contributor, Timers/Stopwatches
and Rulers should be listed separately on the scope of accreditation. This ensures they will be witnessed
during every full reassessment.
Another issue of confusion is where to list temperature measurements (Thermodynamic or
Electromagnetic). ANAB’s policy for resolving this confusion is to determine whether there is any
“dynamic” thermal operation during the calibration. If temperature indicators and controllers are being
calibrated, for example, with the use of a multifunction calibrator, and the temperature is only being
“simulated” via voltage or other parameter without the use of a temperature bath or chamber of any type,
it is considered an Electromagnetic - DC/Low Frequency calibration. If, however, a bath or chamber is
used and real temperatures are measured, it is considered Thermodynamic.
On testing scopes, the drafter should list the test type and/or the sample type in the first or second column.
For example, with chemical testing, the use of the sample matrix being tested or extracted for testing (e.g.,
soil, water, air, grease, wastewater, etc.) is the preferred descriptor. Often there is a combination of
matrices for test procedures, and this can sometimes get complicated and lose its value.
6. DRAFTING THE ANAB SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION
ANAB customers are expected to draft an initial scope table listing as part of the application. They are
then expected to use the ANAB scope of accreditation templates to draft the accreditation scope
document and submit it prior to the accreditation visit. Customers are encouraged to seek clarification as
needed from an ANAB assessor or Accreditation Manager.
7. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
Page 7 of 10
ANAB assessors are expected to verify and update the scope document as needed during each assessment
visit. A laboratory may request an expansion or reduction of its accredited scope. The lead assessor is
responsible for updating the scope of accreditation and submitting it to ANAB with the assessment report
for review and approval.
7. UNCERTAINTY ISSUES
Essentially all calibration scopes of accreditation have a column heading of calibration and measurement
capability (CMC) or uncertainty, and this uncertainty is determined at roughly the 95% confidence level
(k=2) unless noted otherwise and footnoted. A small number of testing laboratories’ scopes of
accreditation also may need and have uncertainty column headings, in which case the term “Best
Measurement Capability (BMC)” is used as a column header. For a determination of testing scopes that
have such requirements, see ANAB Guidance on Uncertainty for Testing Laboratories.
The calculation of uncertainties as CMCs or BMCs for any scope of accreditation should follow the ISO
Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) or NIST 1297 guidance and practices.
The calculations and considerations of all relevant factors potentially contributing to measurement
variability and “nearly ideal” calibrations are collectively considered the uncertainty budget. ANAB’s
policy is to retain a copy of all uncertainty budgets for all accredited scope items for each customer.
These need to be provided to the ANAB assessor at assessment visits, including any updates.
8. SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION FLEXIBILITY
The level of detail on a scope of accreditation often represents a balance between generic methods used
and the precise day-to-day requirements of all sample types, device types, customer requirements, and
technology advances encountered. ANAB abides by ILAC G18:04/2010, Guideline for the Formulation
of Scopes of Accreditation for Laboratories, which reviews aspects of the flexibility warranted in the
scopes of accreditation.
In areas such as NDT, EMC, and chemical testing, laboratories often may need to modify or amplify more
generic methods to determine minimum detection levels or configuration designs to obtain good
measurements. In such cases, laboratories are often granted the flexibility of accreditation to more generic
methodologies and the freedom to modify their previous methods. This still obligates the affected
laboratories to maintain customer awareness and agreement with the modified methods and to ensure
adherence with the requirements for method validation in section 5.4 of ISO/IEC 17025. A laboratory in
this situation will be witnessed and assessed for these capabilities at the next reassessment visit.
9. REFERENCES
Current versions unless specified:
• ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
• ISO/IEC 17011, Conformity assessment – General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting
conformity assessment bodies
• ISO GUM, 1995, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, issued by BIPM, IEC,
IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, and OIML
• NISTIR 811, 1995, Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
• NISTIR 330, 2001, The International System of Units (SI)
8. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
Page 8 of 10
• NIST TN 1297, Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement
Results
• ILAC G-18, Guideline for the Formulation of Scopes of Accreditation for Laboratories
• EA-4/02, 2002, Expression of the Uncertainty of Measurement in Calibration
9. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
Page 9 of 10
ANNEX A. EXAMPLE OF SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION FOR TESTING
SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005
ZYX Test Labs, Inc.
Street Address City, State Zip Code
Contact Name Phone: 555-555-5555
TESTING
Valid to: Certificate Number: AT-xxxx
I. Chemical
ITEMS, MATERIALS,
OR PRODUCTS TESTED
SPECIFIC TESTS OR
PROPERTIES
MEASURED
SPECIFICATION,
STANDARD METHOD,
OR TECHNIQUE USED
KEY TECHNOLOGY OR
EQUIPMENT*
Antimicrobial Adhesive Quantitation of Adhesive
USP<197>
USP<851>
And customer equivalent
UV/Visible
Spectorphotometer
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) Particle Size
SUP<601>
And customer equivalent
Andersen Cascade Impactor
Tap Water Total Organic Carbon USP<643>
Total Organic Carbon
Analyzer
I. Microbiological
ITEMS, MATERIALS,
OR PRODUCTS TESTED
SPECIFIC TESTS OR
PROPERTIES
MEASURED
SPECIFICATION,
STANDARD METHOD,
OR TECHNIQUE USED
KEY TECHNOLOGY OR
EQUIPMENT*
Water for Pharmaceutical
Purpose, Purifed Water
Aerobic Plate Count, E.coli,
Pseudomonads
USP<1231>
Membrane Filtration
N/A
Cream, Gel, Lotion Bioburden USP<61>
N/A
Notes:
1. *As applicable.
2. This scope is part of and must be included with the Certificate of Accreditation No. AT-xxxx.
10. ANAB Guidance on Scopes of Accreditation 2015/01/01
Page 10 of 10
ANNEX B. EXAMPLE OF SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION FOR CALIBRATION
SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Calibration Unlimitied, Inc.
Street Address City, State Zip Code
Contact Name Phone: 555-555-5555
CALIBRATION
Valid to: Certificate Number: AC-xxxx
I. Dimensional
PARAMETER/
EQUIPMENT
RANGE
CALIBRATION AND
MEASUREMENT
CAPABILITY
[EXPRESSED AS
UNCERTAINTY (+)]
REFERENCE
STANDARD OR
EQUIPMENT
METHODS
Calipers3
Up to 24 in (0.6R + 12L) µ in Grade 2 Gage Blocks
OEM and GIDEP
Sourced ProceduresCylindrical O.D.3
(0.01 to 1.15) in 30 µ in
Mitutoyo LSM XXX
Set Plugs
I. Mechanical
PARAMETER/
EQUIPMENT
RANGE
CALIBRATION AND
MEASUREMENT
CAPABILITY
[EXPRESSED AS
UNCERTAINTY (+)]
REFERENCE
STANDARD OR
EQUIPMENT
METHODS
Force Tension3 Up to 60 lbf
(60 to 600) lbf
0.01 lbf
0.06% of reading
Class F Weights
Lebow 3136-600
OEM and GIDEP
Sourced Procedures
Torque Standards
(1 to 500) in·oz
(30 to 2 000) in·lb
(150 to 1 000) ft·lb
0.1 in·oz
0.03 in·lb
0.05 ft·lb
Torque Wheel
w/Class F Weights
Torque Arm w/Class
F Weights
Torque Wrenches (10 to 200) in·oz
0.58% of reading
+0.6R
Lebow 2120-200
Scales/Balances3
95 to 150) lb
(150 to 600) lb
(600 to 2 000) lb
0.07 lb
0.15 lb
1.64 lb
Class F Weights
Notes:
1. Calibration and measurement capabilities (expanded uncertainties) are based on an approximately 95% confidence interval,
using a coverage of k=2.
2. This laboratory’s capabilities include both in-laboratory and on-site calibration services. Because on-site conditions are
typically more variable than those in the laboratory, larger measurement uncertainties are expected on site than what is
reported in the accredited scope.
3. On-site calibration service is available for this calibration.
4. The term (L) represents length in inches and (R) represents resolution of the unit under test.
5. This scope is part of and must be included with the Certificate of Accreditation No. AT-xxxx.