This document provides an overview of using wireless sensor networks and geographic information systems for landslide forecasting. It discusses how sensor nodes equipped with sensors like soil pressure, motion, and rain sensors can be deployed in hazardous areas to continuously monitor conditions. When events are detected, data is sent to a base station. The base station compares the sensor data to a landslide prediction database to forecast landslides before they occur. It also describes how a small-scale model with similar conditions to the study area can help identify threshold values for predicting landslides based on rainfall and changing soil factors. Geographic information systems are used to identify hazard zones and build geological databases to support the wireless sensor network's decision making.
TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM USING GEO-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ALONG THE ...IAEME Publication
The Makran coast is extremely vulnerable to tsunamis and earthquakes due to the
presence of three very active tectonic plates namely, the Arabian, Eurasian and Indian
plates. On 28 November 1945 at 21:56 UTC, a massive Makran earthquake generated
a destructive tsunami in the Northern Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The tsunami
was responsible for loss of life and great destruction along the coasts of Pakistan, Iran,
India and Oman. In this paper tsunami early response system created using
classification of tsunami susceptibility along the western coast of India. Based on the
coastal topographical features of selected part of the western India, we have prepared
regions susceptible to flooding in case of a mega-tsunami. Geo-information techniques
have proven their usefulness for the purposes of early warning and emergency
response. These techniques enable us to generate extensive geo-information to make
informed decisions in response to natural disasters that lead to better protection of
citizens, reduce damage to property, improve the monitoring of these disasters, and
facilitate estimates of the damages and losses resulting from them. The classification of
tsunami risk zone (susceptible zone) is based on elevation vulnerability by Sinaga et al.
(2011). We overlaid satellite image on the tsunami risk map, and identified the region
to be particularly at risk in study area. In our study satellite images integrated with
GIS/CAD, can give information for assessment, analysis and monitoring of natural
disaster. We expect that the tsunami risk map presented here will supportive to tsunami
early response system along the western coast of India
Agriculture is the backbone of the country. A lot of factors such as climate change, population growth, food security concerns have driven the sector to seek more innovative/emerging technology/ approaches like AI and IoT's to improve crop yields and to get better farming results.
This document summarizes a research paper that used GIS and remote sensing to analyze deforestation. The paper developed a model to: 1) Check deforestation over past decades using satellite images, 2) Create maps locating buildings, water, and forests from satellite images, and 3) Locate places by latitude and longitude. It discussed how GIS and remote sensing can help forest management. The proposed model involved image acquisition, processing, and interpretation. Results found support vector machines most accurate for land use mapping, and identified land use changes between 2000-2013. The paper concluded remote sensing techniques can help monitor forest dynamics and detect deforestation.
INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA WITH GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS): ...ijmpict
Remote Sensing and Geographic information System together comprise of Geographic Information Science (GIScience) which is a core research field that tries to emphasis on advanced geographic concepts in Geographic Information System and examines the impact of GIS on individuals and society as a whole and re-examines the themes with incorporation of most recent cognitive and Information Science. The Geographic Information System can be defined as a Computer based system and a tool, both hardware,
software and procedures, which manages geospatial data, solves spatial problems, and supports collection,
storage, transformation, analyzing, retrieving and display of data in a well desired manner. The integration
of GIS and Remote Sensing is a field of research and several implementations have been developed to gain
the maximum throughput out of these collective fields as these techniques have their own data analysis and
data representation methods. The application domain of remote sensing is from a base layer for GIS to the
development of thematic datasets, obtaining and extracting data from imagery and generation of unique
spatial datasets. In my paper I have focused on the integration of both the fields along with its usage in
Analysis and Modelling and also some models of error sources due to the integration of interface of the two
techniques. The paper also describes some error sources while integration as GIS and remote sensing both
are subject to errors and uncertainty. The paper has discussed some Change Detection Techniques used in
the modern sciences with their comparison.
IRJET- Preparation of Flood Model and Hazard Estimation on Yamuna River (...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes a study that used GIS and remote sensing techniques to create flood models and estimate flood hazards along the Yamuna River in Delhi, India.
2. The study analyzed satellite imagery to identify flood-prone areas, calculate the extent of flooded areas during extreme events, and assess flood risks to infrastructure, agriculture lands, and urban areas.
3. The results indicated approximately 19.5 square kilometers of land within 500 meters of the Yamuna River boundary is affected by floods, including over 2.8 square kilometers of urban settlements and 2.1 square kilometers of forest area. Thematic maps were generated to visualize the flood risk to different geographical features.
Using GIS Technology to Improve Emergency ManagementAmberStacy
This study examined how geographic information systems (GIS) technology can help improve emergency management and disaster response for people with disabilities. Researchers integrated disability-relevant data like community resources, population density, transportation options, and locations of disability services into GIS maps. This allowed emergency planners to better understand interactions between people with disabilities and their environment during disasters. The study found that GIS enhanced decision-making during crises by facilitating incident mapping, prioritizing responses, and coordinating relief efforts in real-time. Integrating existing data on GIS platforms revealed gaps in emergency planning and showed how coordinated, location-based information could reduce suffering during future disasters.
Energy efficient clustering using the AMHC (adoptive multi-hop clustering) t...IJECEIAES
IoT has gained fine attention in several field such as in industry applications, agriculture, monitoring, surveillance, similarly parallel growth has been observed in field of WSN. WSN is one of the primary component of IoT when it comes to sensing the data in various environment. Clustering is one of the basic approach in order to obtain the measurable performance in WSNs, Several algorithms of clustering aims to obtain the efficient data collection, data gathering and the routing. In this paper, a novel AMHC (Adaptive MultiHop Clustering) algorithm is proposed for the homogenous model, the main aim of algorithm is to obtain the higher efficiency and make it energy efficient. Our algorithm mainly contains the three stages: namely assembling, coupling and discarding. First stage involves the assembling of independent sets (maximum), second stage involves the coupling of independent sets and at last stage the superfluous nodes are discarded. Discarding superfluous nodes helps in achieving higher efficiency. Since our algorithm is a coloring algorithm, different color are used at the different stages for coloring the nodes. Afterwards our algorithm (AMHC) is compared with the existing system which is a combination of Second order data CC(Coupled Clustering) and Compressive-Projection PCA(Principal Component Analysis), and results shows that our algorithm excels in terms of several parameters such as energy efficiency, network lifetime, number of rounds performed.
This document describes the design and construction of an earthquake detection and location reporting system that displays earthquake data on Google Maps. The system uses an IMU sensor to detect earthquakes and a GPS module to determine the location. When an earthquake is detected, the sensor data is sent to an Arduino Uno controller which then sends it over WiFi to a server. The server stores the data, including the magnitude, time, and location in a MySQL database. This stored data is then displayed on Google Maps through a web interface, allowing users to see the location and details of detected earthquakes. The goal is to provide timely earthquake information to help emergency responders.
TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM USING GEO-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ALONG THE ...IAEME Publication
The Makran coast is extremely vulnerable to tsunamis and earthquakes due to the
presence of three very active tectonic plates namely, the Arabian, Eurasian and Indian
plates. On 28 November 1945 at 21:56 UTC, a massive Makran earthquake generated
a destructive tsunami in the Northern Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The tsunami
was responsible for loss of life and great destruction along the coasts of Pakistan, Iran,
India and Oman. In this paper tsunami early response system created using
classification of tsunami susceptibility along the western coast of India. Based on the
coastal topographical features of selected part of the western India, we have prepared
regions susceptible to flooding in case of a mega-tsunami. Geo-information techniques
have proven their usefulness for the purposes of early warning and emergency
response. These techniques enable us to generate extensive geo-information to make
informed decisions in response to natural disasters that lead to better protection of
citizens, reduce damage to property, improve the monitoring of these disasters, and
facilitate estimates of the damages and losses resulting from them. The classification of
tsunami risk zone (susceptible zone) is based on elevation vulnerability by Sinaga et al.
(2011). We overlaid satellite image on the tsunami risk map, and identified the region
to be particularly at risk in study area. In our study satellite images integrated with
GIS/CAD, can give information for assessment, analysis and monitoring of natural
disaster. We expect that the tsunami risk map presented here will supportive to tsunami
early response system along the western coast of India
Agriculture is the backbone of the country. A lot of factors such as climate change, population growth, food security concerns have driven the sector to seek more innovative/emerging technology/ approaches like AI and IoT's to improve crop yields and to get better farming results.
This document summarizes a research paper that used GIS and remote sensing to analyze deforestation. The paper developed a model to: 1) Check deforestation over past decades using satellite images, 2) Create maps locating buildings, water, and forests from satellite images, and 3) Locate places by latitude and longitude. It discussed how GIS and remote sensing can help forest management. The proposed model involved image acquisition, processing, and interpretation. Results found support vector machines most accurate for land use mapping, and identified land use changes between 2000-2013. The paper concluded remote sensing techniques can help monitor forest dynamics and detect deforestation.
INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA WITH GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS): ...ijmpict
Remote Sensing and Geographic information System together comprise of Geographic Information Science (GIScience) which is a core research field that tries to emphasis on advanced geographic concepts in Geographic Information System and examines the impact of GIS on individuals and society as a whole and re-examines the themes with incorporation of most recent cognitive and Information Science. The Geographic Information System can be defined as a Computer based system and a tool, both hardware,
software and procedures, which manages geospatial data, solves spatial problems, and supports collection,
storage, transformation, analyzing, retrieving and display of data in a well desired manner. The integration
of GIS and Remote Sensing is a field of research and several implementations have been developed to gain
the maximum throughput out of these collective fields as these techniques have their own data analysis and
data representation methods. The application domain of remote sensing is from a base layer for GIS to the
development of thematic datasets, obtaining and extracting data from imagery and generation of unique
spatial datasets. In my paper I have focused on the integration of both the fields along with its usage in
Analysis and Modelling and also some models of error sources due to the integration of interface of the two
techniques. The paper also describes some error sources while integration as GIS and remote sensing both
are subject to errors and uncertainty. The paper has discussed some Change Detection Techniques used in
the modern sciences with their comparison.
IRJET- Preparation of Flood Model and Hazard Estimation on Yamuna River (...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes a study that used GIS and remote sensing techniques to create flood models and estimate flood hazards along the Yamuna River in Delhi, India.
2. The study analyzed satellite imagery to identify flood-prone areas, calculate the extent of flooded areas during extreme events, and assess flood risks to infrastructure, agriculture lands, and urban areas.
3. The results indicated approximately 19.5 square kilometers of land within 500 meters of the Yamuna River boundary is affected by floods, including over 2.8 square kilometers of urban settlements and 2.1 square kilometers of forest area. Thematic maps were generated to visualize the flood risk to different geographical features.
Using GIS Technology to Improve Emergency ManagementAmberStacy
This study examined how geographic information systems (GIS) technology can help improve emergency management and disaster response for people with disabilities. Researchers integrated disability-relevant data like community resources, population density, transportation options, and locations of disability services into GIS maps. This allowed emergency planners to better understand interactions between people with disabilities and their environment during disasters. The study found that GIS enhanced decision-making during crises by facilitating incident mapping, prioritizing responses, and coordinating relief efforts in real-time. Integrating existing data on GIS platforms revealed gaps in emergency planning and showed how coordinated, location-based information could reduce suffering during future disasters.
Energy efficient clustering using the AMHC (adoptive multi-hop clustering) t...IJECEIAES
IoT has gained fine attention in several field such as in industry applications, agriculture, monitoring, surveillance, similarly parallel growth has been observed in field of WSN. WSN is one of the primary component of IoT when it comes to sensing the data in various environment. Clustering is one of the basic approach in order to obtain the measurable performance in WSNs, Several algorithms of clustering aims to obtain the efficient data collection, data gathering and the routing. In this paper, a novel AMHC (Adaptive MultiHop Clustering) algorithm is proposed for the homogenous model, the main aim of algorithm is to obtain the higher efficiency and make it energy efficient. Our algorithm mainly contains the three stages: namely assembling, coupling and discarding. First stage involves the assembling of independent sets (maximum), second stage involves the coupling of independent sets and at last stage the superfluous nodes are discarded. Discarding superfluous nodes helps in achieving higher efficiency. Since our algorithm is a coloring algorithm, different color are used at the different stages for coloring the nodes. Afterwards our algorithm (AMHC) is compared with the existing system which is a combination of Second order data CC(Coupled Clustering) and Compressive-Projection PCA(Principal Component Analysis), and results shows that our algorithm excels in terms of several parameters such as energy efficiency, network lifetime, number of rounds performed.
This document describes the design and construction of an earthquake detection and location reporting system that displays earthquake data on Google Maps. The system uses an IMU sensor to detect earthquakes and a GPS module to determine the location. When an earthquake is detected, the sensor data is sent to an Arduino Uno controller which then sends it over WiFi to a server. The server stores the data, including the magnitude, time, and location in a MySQL database. This stored data is then displayed on Google Maps through a web interface, allowing users to see the location and details of detected earthquakes. The goal is to provide timely earthquake information to help emergency responders.
Design and Development of GIS Based Utility Management System at DOS Housing ...IJERA Editor
The paper presents the conceptual design model of a GIS [Geographic Information system] based Utility Management System for DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad. The processing capabilities of GIS and the system ability to manipulate geo-referenced data and results in different formats and models make them suitable for planning and operation of all activities of the Construction & Maintenance Group of SAC, Ahmedabad. This is specially designed software for the Civil, Electrical and Horticultural wing of Construction and Maintenance Group, Space Applications Centre (ISRO) in many ways to improve the Planning, Maintenance and Information standards. In this software, all physical information like Vikramnagar area, all buildings, roads, water supply lines, drainage lines, fire fighting lines, pump house, wells, bore points, recharge wells, and STP plant, torrent power substations, DG set rooms, LT panels, LT cables, electrical light poles and solar light poles, nursery area and trees are converting into digital forms using GIS by developing different layers. Thus Digital information will be used for identification of each utility and finally, this software will provide information of the entire Vikramnagar housing colony related to Construction & Maintenance Group by providing instant records availability. The Utility system load flow based on GIS presented in the paper is an ideal tool for performing the analysis and viewing the results on a map superimposed with other geographic layers. It allows power system planners to work on the real system by relating the output to the location of load and feeder. Together with the utilization of water supply lines, fire fighting lines, drainage lines, all buildings, roads, trees and power distribution the System will become an essential tool for utility decision makers and the Occupants of the colony. The data of water supply, fire fighting, drainage and power distribution systems are very complicated to update, and there is a lack of linkage between spatial and non-spatial data.
The document discusses sources of spatial data for use in disaster management. It identifies several free data sources that can be used, including MODIS, ASTER and Landsat satellite imagery, as well as global vector datasets for administrative boundaries, roads, rivers, and more. It emphasizes that a significant amount of geospatial data is available for free from government agencies and archives. While some commercial data may be expensive, it is possible to find suitable lower or no-cost alternatives with sufficient resolution for many disaster management applications.
Remote sensing technology for disaster mitigation and regional infrastructure...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A Very high intensity of regional development is ubiquitous in urban areas. Therefore, urban development requires a proper spatial development strategy in many facets, especially social aspect and disaster potential. The essence of social aspect lies in the prevailing norms and local wisdom that have long existed and become the basis of community life. Inducing various effects on infrastructure development, disaster potential has to be considered as well. Disaster mitigation measures can start with the use of continually developing remote sensing technology, which provides a basis for preparing sustainable development planning. The realization of these measures in urban areas demands specific adjustment to the environmental conditions. This study aimed to examine the capacity of remote sensing data to support disaster mitigation and infrastructure planning based on energy conservation in urban areas. The results indicate that remote sensing technology can be an option for sustainable development planning in urban areas.
My special talk on 'GIS & Remote Sensing-Introduction to the Primer’ is a part of the 'Learn from the Leaders- 2' webinar series organized by IEEE SIGHT, Bombay section on May 25th, 2021
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through GIS ...ijistjournal
Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm
cultivable land to increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country. This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly
describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping, Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling, analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime, anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect. Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests, and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University,Dhaka, Bangladesh in 201
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through GIS ...ijistjournal
Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm cultivable land to increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country. This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping, Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling, analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime, anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect. Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests, and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013.
This document discusses the history and applications of geographic information systems (GIS) with a focus on its use in public health. It provides background on GIS, describing it as a set of tools for collecting, storing, manipulating, and displaying spatial data. The document outlines the history of GIS from early maps in the 1850s to the development of computer-based systems in the 1960s-1980s. It then discusses various uses of GIS in public health including disease mapping and surveillance, environmental health analysis, and health resource planning and accessibility analysis. Specific examples of GIS applications in Nepal are also mentioned.
IRJET- Review on Drought Risk Assessment by using Remote Sensing and GISIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed drought risk using remote sensing and GIS. Satellite-derived NDVI data and ground-based precipitation data were analyzed over a 10-year period. Correlations between NDVI, standardized precipitation index (SPI), rainfall anomaly, and food grain anomaly were performed. Results showed SPI can indicate regional crop production. NDVI, SPI, and detrended food grain yield anomaly were linearly correlated, indicating they can efficiently monitor and evaluate food grain output. Different data sources were analyzed spatially and temporally to classify drought risk into very high, high, moderate, slight, and no risk categories based on regression analyses between precipitation, NDVI, and crop yields. The integrated approach aimed to properly deline
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.This presentation consists of videos and many applications of GIS. The processes and the other parts of GIS is also nicely explained.
IRJET-Implementation of GIS for Land Record ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses using geographic information systems (GIS) to improve land record management in India. It notes that India currently lacks an efficient land management system. The document presents a case study that digitized land records for a village in India using GIS software. Spatial data and attributes for each plot of land were integrated into a database. Queries could then be run to extract specific land record information in a timely manner for decision makers. The study demonstrated how GIS can effectively manage and analyze spatial land data to support land administration and planning.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
The document summarizes a study that used Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to automatically detect flooded areas in Aqqala, Iran following heavy rainfall and flooding in March-April 2019. The study applied the Otsu thresholding algorithm on eight Sentinel-1 images to determine an optimal threshold value for separating flooded pixels from other land covers. Thresholding the images using this value delineated the flooded areas over time. Validation against high-resolution images found the flooded areas were accurately detected with overall accuracies over 90%, confirming the applicability of the automatic Otsu thresholding method for flood mapping.
Design and Implementation of Digital Chebyshev Type II Filter using XSG for N...IJERA Editor
ASIC Chips and Digital Signal Processors are generally used for implementing digital filters. Now days the
advanced technologies lead to use of field programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for the implementation of Digital
Filters.The present paper deals with Design and Implementation of Digital IIR Chebyshev type II filter using
Xilinx System Generator. The Quantization and Overflow are main crucial parameters while designing the filter
on FPGA and that need to be consider for getting the stability of the filter. As compare to the conventional DSP
the speed of the system is increased by implementation on FPGA. Digital Chebyshev type II filter is initially
designed analytically for the desired Specifications and simulated using Simulink in Matlab environment. This
paper also proposes the method to implement Digital IIR Chebyshev type II Filter by using XSG platform. The
filter has shown good performance for noise removal in ECG
This document provides an overview of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), including their technologies, applications, standards, design features, and evolutions. WSNs enable new applications through spatially distributed sensors that monitor physical conditions and wirelessly transmit data to a central location. They require a balance between communication and processing capabilities given constraints like low power and complexity. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard enables many WSN applications. Performance depends on network size and data type. Sensors are key network components that detect physical properties and convert them to signals. Common sensor types include thermal, electromagnetic, mechanical, and motion sensors. WSNs face unique challenges from ad hoc deployment and constrained node resources.
Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo/Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyeste...IJERA Editor
The chemical resistance of Bamboo/Glass reinforced Polyester hybrid composites to acetic acid, Nitric acid,
Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, Benzene, Toluene, Carbon tetrachloride and Water
was studied. The tensile and impact properties of these composites were also studied. The effect of alkali
treatment of bamboo fibers on these properties was studied. It was observed that the tensile and impact
properties of the hybrid composites increase with glass fiber content. The author investigated the interfacial
bonding between Glsss/Bamboo fiber composites by SEM. These properties found to be higher when alkali
treated bamboo fibers were used in hybrid composites. The hybrid fiber composites showed better resistance to
the chemicals mentioned above. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to
higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations.
Hybrid system with multi-connected boost converterIJERA Editor
Environmentally friendly solutions are becoming more prominent than ever as a result of concern regarding the
state of our deteriorating planet. This paper presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage
for a hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system. This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load
separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The inherent nature of this
Cuk-SEPIC fused converter, additional input filters are not necessary to filter out high frequency harmonics.
Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency. The fused multiinput
rectifier stage also allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to be used to extract maximum power from
the wind and sun when it is available. An adaptive MPPT algorithm will be used for the wind system and a
standard perturb and observe method will be used for the PV system. Operational analysis of the proposed
system will be discussed in this paper. Simulation results are given to highlight the merits of the proposed
circuit
Petrological and Geochemical Studies on Granitoids in BibinagarBhongir Area, ...IJERA Editor
The Granitoids of the Bibinagar- Bhongir area in the Nalgonda district are purely high potassic calc alkaline and
meta aluminous and A-type belongs to Peninsular Gneissic Complex of the Eastern Dharwar Craton. The
petrographic study of granitoids indicates that of pure magmatic origin in the form of different magmatic
textures viz. perthitic, porphyritic and poiklitic textures. Geochemically the granitoids are rich in K2O & Na2O
suggesting source from calc-alkaline magma. The Granitoids are falling mostly in the volcanic arc field on Yb
vs Ta discrimination plot. The REE pattern shows strong Eu negative anomaly, suggesting early separation of
plagioclase and the enhanced level of LILE relative to HFSE in Bibinagar-Bhongir granitoids points to the
subduction zone enrichment and/or crustal contamination of the source region.
Security Issues and Challenges in Internet of Things – A ReviewIJERA Editor
The Internet of Things (IoT) alludes to the continually developing system of physical articles that component an
IP address for web availability, and the correspondence that happens between these items and other Web
empowered gadgets and frameworks. The security issues of the Internet of Things (IoT) are straight forwardly
identified with the wide utilization of its framework. IoT securities and enhancing the design and several
elements of this work showcases various security issues with respect to IoT and thinks of solutions for the issues
under the advancements included. Here we are going to do a study of all the security issues existing in the
Internet of Things (IoT) alongside an examination of the protection issues that an end-client might confront as
an outcome of the spread of IoT. Most of the overview is centred around the security emerging out of the data
trade innovations utilized as a part of Internet of Things. As a piece of IoTs, genuine concerns are raised over
access of individual data relating to gadget and individual protection. This review tells about the security and
protection issues of IoT.
Liquid Level Estimation in Dynamic Condition using Kalman FilterIJERA Editor
The aim of this paper is to estimate true liquid level of tank from noisy measurements due to dynamic conditions
using kalman filter algorithm. We proposed kalman filter based approach to reduce noise in liquid level
measurement system due to effect like sloshing. The function of kalman filter is to reduce error in liquid level
measurement that produced from sensor resulting from effect like sloshing in dynamic environment. A prototype
model was constructed and placed in dynamic condition, level data was acquired using ultrasonic sensor to
verify the effectiveness of kalman filter. The tabulated data are shown for comparison of accuracy and error
analysis between both measurements with Kalman filter and statistical averaging filter. After several test with
different liquid levels and analysis of the recorded data, the technique shows the usefulness in liquid level
measurement application in dynamic condition.
An Analysis of the Existing Frameworks in Cloud Computing Adoption and Introd...IJERA Editor
This document proposes a new framework called RAF (Risk Assessment Framework) for evaluating cloud computing adoption projects. It summarizes existing frameworks and identifies their limitations, such as a lack of guidance on key adoption challenges. The proposed RAF framework assesses projects based on a 5-phase roadmap for adoption: analysis, planning, adoption, migration, and management. It provides a set of questions for each phase and weights the questions based on perceived impact to determine how closely a project followed best practices. The RAF aims to minimize risks and increase the success of cloud adoption projects.
Fibrous Scaffold Produced By Rotary Jet Spinning TechniqueIJERA Editor
This document describes research on producing fibrous scaffolds using a rotary jet spinning technique with poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) polymers. Specifically:
- PLLA/PCL meshes were produced using rotary jet spinning and characterized through SEM imaging, thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and in vitro cell culture tests.
- SEM images showed the production of fibers without beads for compositions with more PLLA or equal proportions of PCL. Thermal analysis indicated the immiscible property of the PLLA/PCL blend and complete solvent evaporation. In vitro tests found no signs of cell toxicity, indicating biocompatibility.
- The research aims
Energy Storage: CFD Modeling of Phase Change Materials For Thermal Energy Sto...IJERA Editor
To optimize the utilization of thermal conversion systems it is needed to integrate them with thermal energy
storage. Between many types of base materials, the phase change materials (PCMs) are the most adequate
mediums to store and release the thermal energy. PCMs have high latent heat of fusion and, in general, low
thermal conductivity, therefore, nanomaterials are used as additives to enhance the properties of base materials
as PCMs.
Paper presents an exhaustive classification of PCMs and nanomaterials used in thermal energy storage
technologies in addition an assessment about their modeling through computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Goal was to emphasize CFD use as an effective tool to increase engineering development of thermal energy
storage technologies
Design and Development of GIS Based Utility Management System at DOS Housing ...IJERA Editor
The paper presents the conceptual design model of a GIS [Geographic Information system] based Utility Management System for DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad. The processing capabilities of GIS and the system ability to manipulate geo-referenced data and results in different formats and models make them suitable for planning and operation of all activities of the Construction & Maintenance Group of SAC, Ahmedabad. This is specially designed software for the Civil, Electrical and Horticultural wing of Construction and Maintenance Group, Space Applications Centre (ISRO) in many ways to improve the Planning, Maintenance and Information standards. In this software, all physical information like Vikramnagar area, all buildings, roads, water supply lines, drainage lines, fire fighting lines, pump house, wells, bore points, recharge wells, and STP plant, torrent power substations, DG set rooms, LT panels, LT cables, electrical light poles and solar light poles, nursery area and trees are converting into digital forms using GIS by developing different layers. Thus Digital information will be used for identification of each utility and finally, this software will provide information of the entire Vikramnagar housing colony related to Construction & Maintenance Group by providing instant records availability. The Utility system load flow based on GIS presented in the paper is an ideal tool for performing the analysis and viewing the results on a map superimposed with other geographic layers. It allows power system planners to work on the real system by relating the output to the location of load and feeder. Together with the utilization of water supply lines, fire fighting lines, drainage lines, all buildings, roads, trees and power distribution the System will become an essential tool for utility decision makers and the Occupants of the colony. The data of water supply, fire fighting, drainage and power distribution systems are very complicated to update, and there is a lack of linkage between spatial and non-spatial data.
The document discusses sources of spatial data for use in disaster management. It identifies several free data sources that can be used, including MODIS, ASTER and Landsat satellite imagery, as well as global vector datasets for administrative boundaries, roads, rivers, and more. It emphasizes that a significant amount of geospatial data is available for free from government agencies and archives. While some commercial data may be expensive, it is possible to find suitable lower or no-cost alternatives with sufficient resolution for many disaster management applications.
Remote sensing technology for disaster mitigation and regional infrastructure...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A Very high intensity of regional development is ubiquitous in urban areas. Therefore, urban development requires a proper spatial development strategy in many facets, especially social aspect and disaster potential. The essence of social aspect lies in the prevailing norms and local wisdom that have long existed and become the basis of community life. Inducing various effects on infrastructure development, disaster potential has to be considered as well. Disaster mitigation measures can start with the use of continually developing remote sensing technology, which provides a basis for preparing sustainable development planning. The realization of these measures in urban areas demands specific adjustment to the environmental conditions. This study aimed to examine the capacity of remote sensing data to support disaster mitigation and infrastructure planning based on energy conservation in urban areas. The results indicate that remote sensing technology can be an option for sustainable development planning in urban areas.
My special talk on 'GIS & Remote Sensing-Introduction to the Primer’ is a part of the 'Learn from the Leaders- 2' webinar series organized by IEEE SIGHT, Bombay section on May 25th, 2021
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through GIS ...ijistjournal
Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm
cultivable land to increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country. This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly
describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping, Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling, analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime, anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect. Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests, and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University,Dhaka, Bangladesh in 201
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through GIS ...ijistjournal
Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm cultivable land to increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country. This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping, Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling, analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime, anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect. Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests, and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013.
This document discusses the history and applications of geographic information systems (GIS) with a focus on its use in public health. It provides background on GIS, describing it as a set of tools for collecting, storing, manipulating, and displaying spatial data. The document outlines the history of GIS from early maps in the 1850s to the development of computer-based systems in the 1960s-1980s. It then discusses various uses of GIS in public health including disease mapping and surveillance, environmental health analysis, and health resource planning and accessibility analysis. Specific examples of GIS applications in Nepal are also mentioned.
IRJET- Review on Drought Risk Assessment by using Remote Sensing and GISIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed drought risk using remote sensing and GIS. Satellite-derived NDVI data and ground-based precipitation data were analyzed over a 10-year period. Correlations between NDVI, standardized precipitation index (SPI), rainfall anomaly, and food grain anomaly were performed. Results showed SPI can indicate regional crop production. NDVI, SPI, and detrended food grain yield anomaly were linearly correlated, indicating they can efficiently monitor and evaluate food grain output. Different data sources were analyzed spatially and temporally to classify drought risk into very high, high, moderate, slight, and no risk categories based on regression analyses between precipitation, NDVI, and crop yields. The integrated approach aimed to properly deline
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.This presentation consists of videos and many applications of GIS. The processes and the other parts of GIS is also nicely explained.
IRJET-Implementation of GIS for Land Record ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses using geographic information systems (GIS) to improve land record management in India. It notes that India currently lacks an efficient land management system. The document presents a case study that digitized land records for a village in India using GIS software. Spatial data and attributes for each plot of land were integrated into a database. Queries could then be run to extract specific land record information in a timely manner for decision makers. The study demonstrated how GIS can effectively manage and analyze spatial land data to support land administration and planning.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
The document summarizes a study that used Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to automatically detect flooded areas in Aqqala, Iran following heavy rainfall and flooding in March-April 2019. The study applied the Otsu thresholding algorithm on eight Sentinel-1 images to determine an optimal threshold value for separating flooded pixels from other land covers. Thresholding the images using this value delineated the flooded areas over time. Validation against high-resolution images found the flooded areas were accurately detected with overall accuracies over 90%, confirming the applicability of the automatic Otsu thresholding method for flood mapping.
Design and Implementation of Digital Chebyshev Type II Filter using XSG for N...IJERA Editor
ASIC Chips and Digital Signal Processors are generally used for implementing digital filters. Now days the
advanced technologies lead to use of field programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for the implementation of Digital
Filters.The present paper deals with Design and Implementation of Digital IIR Chebyshev type II filter using
Xilinx System Generator. The Quantization and Overflow are main crucial parameters while designing the filter
on FPGA and that need to be consider for getting the stability of the filter. As compare to the conventional DSP
the speed of the system is increased by implementation on FPGA. Digital Chebyshev type II filter is initially
designed analytically for the desired Specifications and simulated using Simulink in Matlab environment. This
paper also proposes the method to implement Digital IIR Chebyshev type II Filter by using XSG platform. The
filter has shown good performance for noise removal in ECG
This document provides an overview of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), including their technologies, applications, standards, design features, and evolutions. WSNs enable new applications through spatially distributed sensors that monitor physical conditions and wirelessly transmit data to a central location. They require a balance between communication and processing capabilities given constraints like low power and complexity. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard enables many WSN applications. Performance depends on network size and data type. Sensors are key network components that detect physical properties and convert them to signals. Common sensor types include thermal, electromagnetic, mechanical, and motion sensors. WSNs face unique challenges from ad hoc deployment and constrained node resources.
Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo/Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyeste...IJERA Editor
The chemical resistance of Bamboo/Glass reinforced Polyester hybrid composites to acetic acid, Nitric acid,
Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, Benzene, Toluene, Carbon tetrachloride and Water
was studied. The tensile and impact properties of these composites were also studied. The effect of alkali
treatment of bamboo fibers on these properties was studied. It was observed that the tensile and impact
properties of the hybrid composites increase with glass fiber content. The author investigated the interfacial
bonding between Glsss/Bamboo fiber composites by SEM. These properties found to be higher when alkali
treated bamboo fibers were used in hybrid composites. The hybrid fiber composites showed better resistance to
the chemicals mentioned above. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to
higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations.
Hybrid system with multi-connected boost converterIJERA Editor
Environmentally friendly solutions are becoming more prominent than ever as a result of concern regarding the
state of our deteriorating planet. This paper presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage
for a hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system. This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load
separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The inherent nature of this
Cuk-SEPIC fused converter, additional input filters are not necessary to filter out high frequency harmonics.
Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency. The fused multiinput
rectifier stage also allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to be used to extract maximum power from
the wind and sun when it is available. An adaptive MPPT algorithm will be used for the wind system and a
standard perturb and observe method will be used for the PV system. Operational analysis of the proposed
system will be discussed in this paper. Simulation results are given to highlight the merits of the proposed
circuit
Petrological and Geochemical Studies on Granitoids in BibinagarBhongir Area, ...IJERA Editor
The Granitoids of the Bibinagar- Bhongir area in the Nalgonda district are purely high potassic calc alkaline and
meta aluminous and A-type belongs to Peninsular Gneissic Complex of the Eastern Dharwar Craton. The
petrographic study of granitoids indicates that of pure magmatic origin in the form of different magmatic
textures viz. perthitic, porphyritic and poiklitic textures. Geochemically the granitoids are rich in K2O & Na2O
suggesting source from calc-alkaline magma. The Granitoids are falling mostly in the volcanic arc field on Yb
vs Ta discrimination plot. The REE pattern shows strong Eu negative anomaly, suggesting early separation of
plagioclase and the enhanced level of LILE relative to HFSE in Bibinagar-Bhongir granitoids points to the
subduction zone enrichment and/or crustal contamination of the source region.
Security Issues and Challenges in Internet of Things – A ReviewIJERA Editor
The Internet of Things (IoT) alludes to the continually developing system of physical articles that component an
IP address for web availability, and the correspondence that happens between these items and other Web
empowered gadgets and frameworks. The security issues of the Internet of Things (IoT) are straight forwardly
identified with the wide utilization of its framework. IoT securities and enhancing the design and several
elements of this work showcases various security issues with respect to IoT and thinks of solutions for the issues
under the advancements included. Here we are going to do a study of all the security issues existing in the
Internet of Things (IoT) alongside an examination of the protection issues that an end-client might confront as
an outcome of the spread of IoT. Most of the overview is centred around the security emerging out of the data
trade innovations utilized as a part of Internet of Things. As a piece of IoTs, genuine concerns are raised over
access of individual data relating to gadget and individual protection. This review tells about the security and
protection issues of IoT.
Liquid Level Estimation in Dynamic Condition using Kalman FilterIJERA Editor
The aim of this paper is to estimate true liquid level of tank from noisy measurements due to dynamic conditions
using kalman filter algorithm. We proposed kalman filter based approach to reduce noise in liquid level
measurement system due to effect like sloshing. The function of kalman filter is to reduce error in liquid level
measurement that produced from sensor resulting from effect like sloshing in dynamic environment. A prototype
model was constructed and placed in dynamic condition, level data was acquired using ultrasonic sensor to
verify the effectiveness of kalman filter. The tabulated data are shown for comparison of accuracy and error
analysis between both measurements with Kalman filter and statistical averaging filter. After several test with
different liquid levels and analysis of the recorded data, the technique shows the usefulness in liquid level
measurement application in dynamic condition.
An Analysis of the Existing Frameworks in Cloud Computing Adoption and Introd...IJERA Editor
This document proposes a new framework called RAF (Risk Assessment Framework) for evaluating cloud computing adoption projects. It summarizes existing frameworks and identifies their limitations, such as a lack of guidance on key adoption challenges. The proposed RAF framework assesses projects based on a 5-phase roadmap for adoption: analysis, planning, adoption, migration, and management. It provides a set of questions for each phase and weights the questions based on perceived impact to determine how closely a project followed best practices. The RAF aims to minimize risks and increase the success of cloud adoption projects.
Fibrous Scaffold Produced By Rotary Jet Spinning TechniqueIJERA Editor
This document describes research on producing fibrous scaffolds using a rotary jet spinning technique with poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) polymers. Specifically:
- PLLA/PCL meshes were produced using rotary jet spinning and characterized through SEM imaging, thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and in vitro cell culture tests.
- SEM images showed the production of fibers without beads for compositions with more PLLA or equal proportions of PCL. Thermal analysis indicated the immiscible property of the PLLA/PCL blend and complete solvent evaporation. In vitro tests found no signs of cell toxicity, indicating biocompatibility.
- The research aims
Energy Storage: CFD Modeling of Phase Change Materials For Thermal Energy Sto...IJERA Editor
To optimize the utilization of thermal conversion systems it is needed to integrate them with thermal energy
storage. Between many types of base materials, the phase change materials (PCMs) are the most adequate
mediums to store and release the thermal energy. PCMs have high latent heat of fusion and, in general, low
thermal conductivity, therefore, nanomaterials are used as additives to enhance the properties of base materials
as PCMs.
Paper presents an exhaustive classification of PCMs and nanomaterials used in thermal energy storage
technologies in addition an assessment about their modeling through computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Goal was to emphasize CFD use as an effective tool to increase engineering development of thermal energy
storage technologies
Identification of Sex of the Speaker With Reference To Bodo Vowels: A Compara...IJERA Editor
This work presents an application of Fundamental Frequency (Pitch), Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficient
(LPCC) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) in identification of sex of the speaker in speech
recognition research. The aim of this article is to compare the performance of these three methods for
identification of sex of the speakers. A successful speech recognition system can help in non critical operations
such as presenting the driving route to the driver, dialing a phone number, light switch turn on/off, the coffee
machine on/off etc. apart from speaker verification-caste wise, community wise and locality wise including
identification of sex. Here an attempt has been made to identify the sex of Bodo speakers through vowel
utterance by following Pitch value, LPCC and MFCC techniques. It is found here that the feature vector
organization of LPCC coefficients provides a more promising way of speech-speaker recognition in case of
Bodo Language than that of Pitch and MFCC.
Conceptual Model of Information Technology and Its Impact on Financial Univer...IJERA Editor
Information technology is heart of information system; however, it‟s proved information system with data,
information and knowledge from the component of information technology (hardware, software, database and
network communication) because they play a critical role in any organization and affects managers and their
organizations in financial University performance. Information Technology can be defined as the used of
electronic means which involve access storage, processing of electronic technology to handling of information.
The study aimed to made Conceptual model and investigate the uses Information Technology for employee at
Private University in the north of Jordan from their perspective of Users‟ satisfactions and impact of
Information Technology on University performance of employee. The study method was a descriptive survey
which uses questionnaire to collect data, questionnaire was justified and developed by the researcher to measure
the university performance based on previous studies its applied to (90) employee from University in the north
of Jordan. The study was using SPSS to analyses data. The results indicate that uses Information Technology for
employee at University in the north of Jordan there were a statistically significant relationship between the
Information Technology and University performance of employee at University in the north of Jordan; however
the sample reported a significant in the hypotheses and accepted. The study have Conclusion should gives more
attention to focus on and beneficial of using Information technology applications.
On-state Torque Optimization for Synthesized MR FluidIJERA Editor
This document describes research into optimizing the composition of magneto-rheological (MR) fluids to achieve high on-state torque. Eighteen MR fluid samples were prepared using different combinations of carrier fluid, iron particle size, and concentrations of iron particles, oleic acid, and tetra-methyl-ammonium-hydroxide according to an L18 orthogonal array design of experiments. The torque generated by each sample was experimentally measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically analyze the experimental results and identify which factors most significantly affect the on-state torque, in order to determine the optimal composition. The composition found to generate the highest on-state torque of 0.887587 N-m is
Big data Mining Using Very-Large-Scale Data Processing PlatformsIJERA Editor
Big Data consists of large-volume, complex, growing data sets with multiple, heterogenous sources. With the
tremendous development of networking, data storage, and the data collection capacity, Big Data are now rapidly
expanding in all science and engineering domains, including physical, biological and biomedical sciences. The
MapReduce programming mode which has parallel processing ability to analyze the large-scale network.
MapReduce is a programming model that allows easy development of scalable parallel applications to process
big data on large clusters of commodity machines. Google’s MapReduce or its open-source equivalent Hadoop
is a powerful tool for building such applications.
Gas-Particulate Models of Flow through Porous StructuresIJERA Editor
A recently developed general model of gas-particulate flow is sub-classified in this work. The model takes into
account both the Darcy resistance and the Forchheimer effects, and is valid for variable particle number density
and flow through variable porosity media. The form of governing equations is discussed when the particle
relaxation time is small.
A Study on Guided and Unguided Transmission Medias and a Proposed Idea to Ext...IJERA Editor
Networking in computers enables sharing of information by interconnecting the computing devices. The sharing
of information is possible through transmission media. The transmission media is classified as wired or wireless.
Wired media have limitation in geography. But wireless is not bounded by geography. In the wireless world the
first wireless technology was infrared and it was a very slow technology. So, inventions were continued to find a
better wireless technology, finally we got Bluetooth, Wi-Fi ,WI-MAX and Gi-Fi. In this paper we discussed
about different Wired and Wireless Technologies and given a proposed idea to extend the limit of Gi-Fi beyond
10 meters.
Increasing Security Level in Data Sharing Using Ring Signature in Cloud Envir...IJERA Editor
Sharing of Information in a cloud environment is inevitable in onward of cloud computing environment.
Security in accessing cloud information has to consider many issues such as authentication, cost, time in
uploading and many other criteria. Authentication of data is must for utilizing the others data and uploading our
own data has become tedious. Getting Certificate and for every access is long process and cost increases. Ring
signature gives an assurance to the user to build an unidentified and accurate information sharing system. It
allows a data individualistic to innominate authenticate his data which can be put into the cloud for storage or
analysis purpose. In Identity-Based (ID Based ) Ring Signature Members of this cluster can easily share data
avoiding the pricey certificate verification as done in the usual procedure. Forward Security re authentication
overhead is avoided in Ring Signature by using RSA Algorithm we further provide increased level of security in
reduced time, efficient and simple manner.
On The Substitution of Energy Sources: The Effect of Flex Fuel Vehicles in th...IJERA Editor
The substitution process resultant of the competition between two energy sources for the same market based on
dynamic forecasting model derived from biomathematics, previously applied by authors in the Brazilian
gasoline/hydrated ethanol consumption market is analyzed. The hydrated ethanol restriction supply due to
decreasing production as a consequence of international price of sugar increasing was the prevailing motive of
the forecast breaking. Again the stop and go process adopted by sugarcane private sector was the main reason of
hydrated ethanol decreasing production
Effect of MR Fluid Damping during Milling of CFRP LaminatesIJERA Editor
Machining of fiber reinforced composites is an essential activity taken up in order to integrate them with other
components. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are difficult to machine owing to the nonhomogeneity
of their constituent materials and abrasive nature. As these materials involve more than one phase,
the variation of cutting forces is rather large, which leads to tool chatter and poor surface finish. Therefore the
proper selection of the tool, process parameters and the ability to control the machining forces would result in
better tolerances and improved surface finish. In this study, multiple slots are machined in CFRP laminates
under different machining conditions of spindle speed, feed and depth of cut. A comparative study is made by
conducting the same set of experiments under the influence of the magneto- rheological (MR) damping in order
to assess the tool deflection. It is observed that the MR fluid damping reduces the tool deflection and thus
improves the quality of machined surfaces.
A Review on: Spatial Image Processing and Wireless Sensor Network Design to I...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of using spatial image processing and wireless sensor networks to identify and monitor rainfall-triggered landslides. It discusses how geographical information systems can be used to identify landslide prone areas and validate landslide occurrences. It also describes how wireless sensor networks with sensors monitoring factors like rainfall, groundwater levels, and slope movement can provide real-time monitoring of landslides and early warning systems to reduce losses. The document reviews various landslide forecasting and monitoring methods that have been used, including different sensor network topologies, routing protocols, and algorithms for data collection and analysis.
Abstract: In this paper, Landslide detection is used to describe the Down slope faction of soil, rock& unrefined Materials under the force of gravity .It can be triggered by steady processes such as Weathering or by external mechanism. We need to prevent the loss of life & spoil to communication routes, Human settlement, Agricultural fields & Forest land etc. We will discuss the techniques which includes circuits for Railway Track cutting, Fogg recognition, Heavy Rainfall & to provide alert system. This system uses a wireless sensor network which is Digital sensor network. This sensor nodes are one of the progressive technologies, it provides high sensitivity, large coverage area, accurate processing & Transmission of critical data in Run time with high resolution. The sensor module detects the vibration from field & sends data to monitoring station through RFID module. We have implement this work by using competent microcontroller AT89s52.
This document summarizes a survey paper on wireless sensor networks. It begins by defining a wireless sensor network as a collection of spatially distributed autonomous sensors that cooperatively monitor physical conditions like temperature, pressure, and pass data to a centralized point. The key components of a sensor node are then described as a sensing unit, processing unit, transceiver, and power source. Different types of wireless sensor networks are outlined, including terrestrial, underground, underwater, multimedia, and mobile networks. Characteristics and applications of wireless sensor networks in fields like military, environment, health, home automation, and commerce are also summarized.
Disaster Debris Detection and Management System using WSN & IoTEswar Publications
Disasters like earthquake, landslide, flood etc. typically generate enormous amount of debris in the disaster struck area. As a result of these disasters, there will be destruction of properties like home, public infrastructure which results in insecurity, loss of life and property and also interrupts public services. Wireless Sensor Networks play a vital role in disaster debris detection and management. Debris flows usually occurs in mountain regions having steep front. They comprise a huge congregation of solid matter like mud, soil are other waste generated due to earthquake, landslide etc. in water that flows down in the form of a wave. Landslides, earthquake and floods generate debris. They are amongst the foremost vulnerable natural disasters in mountainous torrents. Different factors are attributable to quality of debris flow: firstly their potentiality of
transportation and deposition of enormous quantity of solid matters, which can additionally approach gigantic sizes, their sheer fronts, can attain huge meters of altitude and additionally their high speeds and depth of flow. To mitigate the effects of debris, a disaster debris management system is designed containing an different sensors, Nmote and an N-gateway to measure various parameters of debris flow and an alert is sent to the public and rescue team by using cloud services in advance so that there is less loss of life and property.
The landslide consists of rock wedge threatening two roads which are important for local
transportation. The present work encompasses all the components of an early warning system, including
the geological knowledge, the risk scenarios, the kinematic characterization of the landslide, the choice and
installation of the monitoring system, the setting of appropriate alarm levels and the definition of plans of
civil protection. The focus is on practical and logistical issues met in all these phases and the countermeasures adopted. At present the system consists in 13 wire extensometers, 1 thermometer, 1 rain gauge
and 3 cameras. Should a velocity threshold be exceeded by two or more sensors, the attention level would be
entered, causing improved monitoring and surveillance. In case the behaviour of the landslide changes and,
by using expert judgment and forecasting methods, an imminent failure is hinted, then an alarm is issued
and the upper road is closed.
IRJET- Survey on Flood Management SystemIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses flood management systems that use data mining algorithms and IoT technologies for flood prediction and detection. It analyzes algorithms like kNN and SVM that can be used for flood prediction by training models on historical data.
2. For flood detection, the document proposes using IoT nodes with sensors to collect water level data, microcontrollers to process the data, and cloud services/GSM modules to send alerts if water levels exceed thresholds.
3. Several existing works that implement flood monitoring systems using techniques like IoT, sensors, microcontrollers and cloud services are reviewed and compared. The goal is to develop a system that can predict flood severity and detect floods early to minimize damage.
GIS-3D Analysis of Susceptibility Landslide Disaster in Upstream Area of Jene...AM Publications
The assessment of landslide hazard and risk has become a topic of major interest for both geoscientists and engineering professionals as well as for local communities and administrations in many parts of the world. Recently, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with their excellent spatial data processing capacity, have attracted great attention in natural disaster assessment. In this paper, an assessment of landslide hazard at Upper Area of Jeneberang Watershed has been studied using GIS technology. By simulating the potential landslide according the minimum safety factor value using GIS, it can be expected that great contribution as a basic decision making for many prevention works before future landslide occurs at upstream area of Jeneberang River Watershead, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
IRJET - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based Land Cover Cl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using ArcGIS and remote sensing to classify land cover in Vijayawada, India using NDVI values derived from Landsat8 imagery. Landsat8 images from different dates were analyzed to calculate NDVI and classify the land cover into vegetation, water bodies, bare soil, and urban areas. Supervised classification was performed and accuracy assessment using an error matrix showed overall accuracy of 88% and kappa coefficient of 0.85. The study aims to identify land cover changes over time and provide information for urban planning and management.
This document describes an IoT-based environmental monitoring system using a wireless sensor network. It discusses key components of the system including sensor nodes, a Raspberry Pi gateway, and an application server. The sensor nodes collect data from temperature, light, and moisture sensors. The Raspberry Pi processes and transmits the sensor data via a wireless network. An application server receives the data, stores it, and provides access to users and other IoT applications. The system aims to enable long-term, low-cost environmental monitoring for various IoT applications.
A Review on Wireless Sensor Network Protocol for Disaster ManagementEditor IJCATR
Disasters management and emergency services
warning , landslide monitoring, earthquake rescue operation , volcano monitoring, and fire protection. Timely report and res
especially important for reducing the number of sufferers and damages from incidents. In such cases, the communicati
may not function well. This makes it hard to gain information about the incident, and then to respond to the incident rapi
properly. Sensor networks can provide a good solution to these problems through actively monitoring and
emergency incidents to base station. Our objective on this topic aim to study different sensor network protocols to resolve
technical problems in this area, thus identify the energy efficient wireless sensor network archite
disaster management . We also analyze the WSN protocol based on metrics such as Energy efficiency, location awareness, network
lifetime. It furthermore focuses the advantages and performance for disaster management.
GIS BASED LANDSLIDE MAPPING: A CASE STUDY OF MAHABALESHWAR REGION OF SATARA D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used GIS to map landslide prone zones in the Mahabaleshwar region of Satara District, Maharashtra, India. The researchers created various thematic maps from a DEM using ArcGIS, including slope, flow direction, and hillshade maps. These factors were analyzed to determine landslide risk. The study area was divided into three hazard zones - low, high, and extremely high susceptibility. The final landslide hazard zonation map identifies areas at highest risk that can help planners implement mitigation measures to reduce landslide damage. GIS provides an effective tool for mapping landslide distribution and characteristics to assess susceptibility.
Land use/land cover classification using machine learning modelsIJECEIAES
An ensemble model has been proposed in this work by combining the extreme gradient boosting classification (XGBoost) model with support vector machine (SVM) for land use and land cover classification (LULCC). We have used the multispectral Landsat-8 operational land imager sensor (OLI) data with six spectral bands in the electromagnetic spectrum (EM). The area of study is the administrative boundary of the twin cities of Odisha. Data collected in 2020 is classified into seven land use classes/labels: river, canal, pond, forest, urban, agricultural land, and sand. Comparative assessments of the results of ten machine learning models are accomplished by computing the overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, producer accuracy and user accuracy. An ensemble classifier model makes the classification more precise than the other state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers.
IRJET- Wireless Sensor Network and its Application in Civil InfrastructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses wireless sensor networks and their application in monitoring civil infrastructure. It begins with an overview of the need for structural health monitoring due to deterioration over time from environmental factors. It then describes the typical components of a wireless sensor unit, including data acquisition sensors, a computational core, and wireless communication. Finally, it reviews several applications of wireless sensor networks for monitoring bridges, buildings, dams, turbines, and pavements in order to detect damage early and prevent failures.
This document describes an IOT-based landslide detection system comprising three modules: a river slide module to check water levels, a hill slide module to check water levels and soil moisture, and a main module at a government office. The main module continuously receives data from the other modules via GSM technology and updates a website. The system aims to detect landslides using various sensors and send alerts to officials via SMS and alarm to allow timely response to potential landslides and save lives. It is meant to improve upon current systems that only send notifications which may be ignored without follow up action.
Wireless Sensor Network and Monitoring of Crop FieldIOSRJECE
1) The document discusses the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to monitor environmental conditions in crop fields for precision agriculture. WSNs can collect data on soil moisture, temperature, and other parameters to help farmers optimize crop production.
2) It reviews the literature on WSN evolution and applications in agriculture such as environmental monitoring and irrigation management. WSNs offer benefits like low-cost, flexible deployment, and real-time data collection compared to traditional monitoring methods.
3) The document outlines the basic components and characteristics of WSNs, including sensor node structure, multi-hop data transmission, and connectivity options like Bluetooth, WiFi, and GPS. This information helps farmers implement effective WSNs for
Wireless Technology for Monitoring Site-specific Landslide in Vietnam IJECEIAES
Climate change has caused an increasing number of landslides, especially in the mountainous provinces of Vietnam, resulting in the destruction of vital transport and other infrastructure. Current monitoring and forecasting systems of the meteorology department cannot deliver accurate and reliable forecasts for weather events and issue timely warnings. This paper describes the development of a simple, low cost, and efficient system for monitoring and warning landslide in real-time. The authors focus on the use of wireless and related technologies in the implementation of a technical solution and some of the problems of the wireless sensor network (WSN) related to power consumption. Promising compressed sensing (CS) based solution for landslide monitoring is discussed and evaluated in the paper.
Intelligent flood disaster warning on the fly: developing IoT-based managemen...journalBEEI
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An Overview of Landslide Forecasting Using Wireless Sensor Network and Geographical Information System
1. Anitha K. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 4, (Part - 2) April 2016, pp.70-75
www.ijera.com 70 | P a g e
An Overview of Landslide Forecasting Using Wireless Sensor
Network and Geographical Information System
Anitha K*, Ravi S**
* Department of Electronics and Communication, SCSVMV University, Kanchipuram 631501,
** Department of Electronics and Communication, Dr.M.G.R.Educational and Research Institute Chennai
Tamil Nadu 600095,
ABSTRACT
Landslides are natural disasters cause losses in many human lives and damage properties every year around the
globe. Using of physical and electronic monitoring makes possible in prediction and prevention losses from
landslide. Today, the wireless sensor network technology has been developed rapidly for landslide predictions.
The primary object of this present paper is to overview the landslide prediction method using wireless sensor
networks (WSN) and geographical information systems (GIS). The paper focuses on various landslide
conditioning factors, WSN design requirement, and small scale down slope model similar to study area (hazard
location). Landslide prediction database to support warning system are also discussed.
Keywords: Landslide, WSN, conditioning factors, GIS
i. INTRODUCTION
Landslides are a geological disaster occurs
in a short period due to the variations in
environmental actions and causes damages in human
lives, properties and agriculture.During the rainy
season, unlike divisions of India are affected by the
landslide natural hazard every year.The Nilgiri
district of Tamil Nadu is one of the severely affected
placesin India.In the year 2009,total 1150 landslides
were reported during the rainy season[1].Long
period monitoring of the landslide hazard zone is
needed to preclude from the landslide losses.WSN
technology has the capacity of large-scale
deployment and real time monitoring of landslide. A
landslide detection system with the purpose of a
wireless sensor network can find the slightest
movements of ground or slope instability due to the
several reasons such as dielectric moisture, pore
pressure and so on that may occur during a landslide
[2].
1.1. Related work
According to the architecture of the
landslide monitoring systems, which is composed of
two main components, the autonomous WSN and
the early warning and information system
(EWIS)[3]. The database of landslide monitoring
and warning system was described based on
WebGIS partly used SQL Server 2008 of
Microsoft[4]. Also ArcSDE spatial database used
SQL Server 2008 mode of Microsoft[4]. The
experimental monitoring for landslide prediction by
deploying sensor nodes in scale down model and
they also discover the threshold value of landslide
triggering due to rainfall,[5],[6]. Three levels of
algorithms used for detecting landslide events are
explained by [8] and [7]explained need of
heterogeneous type of WSN to provide spatially
distributed information, algorithms for event
detection, classification, localization, evaluation.
II. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Landslide prediction methods:
The sensor nodes are equipped with
different sensors (soil pressure sensors, motion
sensors, rain gauge, angle sensors) are deployed in
the hazardous area and continuously monitor the
area, when the events are noticed by the nodes the
node elected by a cluster and then clusters head
aggregate data from nodes and transmit for the
decision to the base station.The base station receives
the complete database about the landslide triggering
factors, (Four types of algorithms for event
detection, information collection, fault tolerance,
energy efficient algorithms are taken to support the
communication between the monitoring field to the
base station). Then the received data are compared
with the database and the landslide will be predicted
before it occurs.[8][9][10]
2.2 WSN design for landslide
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are the
key emerging technology that has the capability to
real-time, continuous data collection, processing,
aggregation with minimum maintenance [11]. Wide
area monitoring with many numbers of nodes and
continuous data collection, processing and
aggregation is required for landslide detection.
WSNs consist of wireless node, base radio, gateway
and design could constrain heterogeneous wireless
network with clustering based energy efficient, fault
tolerance in network performance. Efficient
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Anitha K. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 4, (Part - 2) April 2016, pp.70-75
www.ijera.com 71 | P a g e
algorithms for different criteria such that
Localization, event detection and data collection
algorithms for end nodes, Threshold based data
aggregation algorithm for cluster heads and sink
nodes and Fault tolerant hierarchical clustering
algorithm for whole network are requires and
network architecture is shown in fig. 1.
Figure 1: WSN Architecture for landslide monitoring
2.3 Landslide prediction Database:
During the data transmission, the nodes in
network consume more power but in landslide
monitoring, data collection and aggregation are
continuous process which causes reduction in
network lifetime. Threshold based alert levels for the
whole network has been devised for minimizing
energy consumption and also for efficient data
handling[12]. Threshold values for different
landslide conditioning factors will be identified in
two ways, one from geological information and
other from sensor nodesthat can be created as
landslide prediction database.
Due to rainfall, sensor nodes monitor
changes in the side, which are soil moisture, pore
water pressure, changes in slope angle.Lab setup,
step down model similar to the study area helps to
identify the threshold values for alarm levels of
rainfall based changing factors. Different sensors
(piezometer, accelerometer, tilt sensor, rain gauge)
could be installed in the model setup and by pouring
artificial rainfall the variations in the slope can be
studied and based on that the database will be
created in the landslide monitoring center[13]. Based
on the different threshold level algorithms could be
developed to improve network performance and
lifetime.
2.4 GIS:
A geographic information system or
geographical information system (GIS) is a system
designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze,
manage, and present all types of spatial or
geographical data[14]–[18]. We use GIS technology
to identify the landslide hazard zone in the study
area, it can be used to build geological database for
the study area.With the help of spatial data analysis
and geological database, threshold values will be
predetermined which supports the WSN for decision
making when the landslide events are occurred.
Landslides are a geological phenomenon that
requires movement of earth, rock, and soil due to
land erosion .Landslides have for decades posed to
be risky as they destroy properties and even claim
human lives[19]. Landslide, a frequently occurring
natural hazard in the hilly terrains, shows majority of
activity during the heavy rainfall. In India, over 49
million hectares (15% of land) is prone to landslide
hazard[1][20].
2.5 Identification of hazard location
Landslide disaster occurs suddenly but it
need long time gathering of disaster facts that
changes the stability of the corresponding zone, The
Landslide conditioning factors are selected based on
previous research [21][22]. It can be used to identify
the landslide hazard prone zone in the study area.
They are Landuse, distance to roads, distance to
railways, and distance to streams, slope angle, slope
aspect, soil type, and rainfall.
III. STUDY AREA
The Nilgiri District of Tamil Nadu state has
an area of about 2583 km2
and is located between
the longitudes 76°00'56"E and76°13'29"E and the
latitudes 11°11'09"N and 11°42'01"N in the Western
ghats. The Nilgiri Hills are part of a larger mountain
chain known as the Western Ghats. Their highest
point is the mountain of Doddabetta, height 2,633 m.
The little territory is principally held back within this
mountain range, with its headquarters at Ooty
(Ootacamund or Udhagamandalam).It placed first in
a comprehensive Economic Environment index
ranking district in Tamil Nadu (not including
Chennai) prepared by the Institute for Financial
Management and Research in August 2009. In 2011,
The Nilgiris had population of 735,394 (762,141 -
year 2001). The sub-districts or Taluk of Nilgiris
district Namely Gudalur, Udagamandalam,
Pandalur, Kotagiri,Kundah and Coonoorhas
3. Anitha K. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 4, (Part - 2) April 2016, pp.70-75
www.ijera.com 72 | P a g e
Population 105196, 191797, 125877, 108290, 46157
and 157754 respectively.
Landslide hazard map of India (1:6M scale)
was prepared using GIS by the Building Materials
Technology Promotion Council of India [23]. The
map represents the degree of landslide prone zones
in many regions of the nation, including Nilgiri
district. Nevertheless, not considered a high level of
detail such as roads and railways, etc. The steep hill
slopes and heavy rainfall of the Nilgiri mountain,
which generate landslides and debris flows. The
deforestation in areas managed for urban
development also tends to promote slope
instability[24][21][25].
In that respects are different methods
available for landslide zonation, every method has
its own advantages and disadvantages. It has been
observed in previous researches that no single
method is able to describe long term detailed
landslide zonation [26]. Nowadays, geospatial
technology makes digital databases more and more
available to decision makers[22][27]. The district is
categorized under severe to very high landslide
hazard prone areas[1], [23], [28]. In last few years,
landslide susceptibility map was prepared using GIS
and RS data such as fuzzy logic[29]–[32], expert
system [33], Weighted Linear Combination
[34][35]and artificial neural network methods have
been applied by researchers in different countries[4],
[20], [36]–[38].
Table 1: Normalized classes of landslide conditioning factors used
Factor (Weight) Feature Class/ condition Area in km2
Percentage Area Score
Landuse (0.1)
Water 31.45 1.22 0
Dense Forest 674.23 26.19 1
Reserved Forest 245.7 9.54 2
Scrub 528.04 20.51 3
Settlements 298.4 11.59 4
Plantation 795.91 30.92 5
Road
(Buffer distance)
(0.1)
>120m 2358.24 91.25 1
>80 m - ≤ 120 m 63.55 2.46 2
<40 m – ≤ 80 m 72.78 2.81 3
≤ 40 m 89.55 3.46 4
Railways
(Buffer distance)
(0.1)
> 120 m 2575.83 99.693 1
>80 m - ≤ 120 m 2.63 0.102 2
<40 m – ≤ 80 m 2.64 0.102 3
≤ 40 m 2.63 0.101 4
Streams
(Buffer distance)
(0.1)
> 120 m 2181.96 84.31 1
>80 m - ≤ 120 m 134.43 5.19 2
<40 m – ≤ 80 m 135.54 5.24 3
≤ 40 m 136.09 5.26 4
Table2: Normalized classes of landslide conditioning factors; Slope gradient, Slope Aspect and soil type.
Factor Name (Weight) Class Area in sq.km Class Area in % Score
0 or Flat 14.14 0.55 0
Slope Gradient
(0.25)
>0 - ≤ 10 1005.57 39.19 1
>10 - ≤ 20 943.39 36.53 2
>20 - ≤ 30 406.66 15.76 3
>30 - ≤ 40 143.91 5.58 4
>40 51.40 1.99 5
Slope Aspect
(0.05)
North 337.5°–22.5° 394.85 15.48 1
North west 292.5°–337.5° 333.55 13.08 2
West 247.5°–292.5° 263.59 10.33 3
East 67.5°–112.5° 312.79 12.26 4
North East 22.5°–67.5° 304.12 11.92 5
South East 112.5°–157.5° 345.37 13.54 6
South 157.5°–202.5° 332.66 13.04 7
South West 202.5°–247.5° 263.06 10.31 8
Soil Type (0.15) Eutric Nitosols (Ne53-2ab) 599.59 23.21 1
Lithosols (I-Nd-c) 391.10 15.14 2
Plinthic Acrisols (Ap21-2b) 234.54 9.081 3
Humic Acrisols (Ah11-2c) 1358.42 52.58 4
Rainfall (0.15) 0-1000 mm 242.82 9.63 1
1000-1500 mm 758.15 30.08 2
1500-2000 mm 663.02 26.31 3
2000-2500 mm 554.60 22.01 4
2500-3500 mm 301.39 11.96 5
4. Anitha K. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 4, (Part - 2) April 2016, pp.70-75
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According to the susceptibility analysis soil
type similar to the study area are selected to set step
down model slope for test bed. Behaviors of Rainfall
based changing factors are to be monitor by
deploying sensors in the test bed. Depends on the
changes in the factors three levels (low level, middle
level and high level) of threshold values are to be
fixed[12]. The data aggregation by the sensor nodes
are depends on this threshold values. According to
the aggregated data from sensor nodes the gateway
node send signal to the control unit. In control unit,
sensor data are compared with the geological data,
predetermined levels, and predict the probabilities of
landslide occurrence.
IV. STEP DOWN MODEL SETUP:
Rain infiltration occurs under rainfall
conditions, which increases the soil weight and
reduces the shear strength of the soil. The slope
failure can occur due to the water content of soil
[39]. Based on the soil type and slope condition the
model slope could be create and pour the artificial
rainfall to identify the condition when the soil water
content starts increase and the condition when the
slope failure triggered with the help of wireless
sensor networks due to the rainfall.
Table 5: conditions for model slop setup
2.6 Algorithm of landslide forecasting:
Routing protocol implementation is based
on dynamic source routing (DSR) important
property of DSR is that it does not transmit any
periodic routing control packets and as a result there
is no energy consumption imposed from the routing
protocol during idle network periods[40].author
[19], described the routing protocol has been
modified in order to incorporate a power-aware
routing (PAR) algorithm which makes routing
decisions based on some energy efficient metric
instead of the traditional shortest path criterion. At
the link layer a low-power-mode (LPM) algorithm
has been implemented. This protocol uses TCP
sockets in order to support seamless communication
among the sensor nodes and the central units and
network management operations, a protocol [ad-hoc
network management protocol (ANMP). The
management entities use the ad-hoc network
management service (ANMS), Wireless network
interface, IEEE 802.11b DCF was chosen because it
supports high transmission rates, there is availability
of low cost products, and it is suitable for multi-hop
ad hoc networks with reasonable power
consumption.
V. CONCLUSION
Integration of energy efficient, threshold
based data aggregation algorithm for wireless
communication with different sensors is possible for
the monitoring of slope (hazard zone) which can be
identified by the GIS software. Identification of
hazard zone avoid unwanted deployment of sensor
nodes and landslide prediction data base which
contains various landslide conditioning factors and
threshold levels helps to analysis the monitoring
information to suspect the occurrence of
landslide.Further we focus our study on
identification of landslide locations in the study area
(Nilgiri district) and develop the slope model (based
on the conditions) for predict the variations in the
slope stability using sensors.
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