The chemical resistance of Bamboo/Glass reinforced Polyester hybrid composites to acetic acid, Nitric acid,
Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, Benzene, Toluene, Carbon tetrachloride and Water
was studied. The tensile and impact properties of these composites were also studied. The effect of alkali
treatment of bamboo fibers on these properties was studied. It was observed that the tensile and impact
properties of the hybrid composites increase with glass fiber content. The author investigated the interfacial
bonding between Glsss/Bamboo fiber composites by SEM. These properties found to be higher when alkali
treated bamboo fibers were used in hybrid composites. The hybrid fiber composites showed better resistance to
the chemicals mentioned above. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to
higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations.
Flexural, Impact Properties and Sem Analysis of Bamboo and Glass Fiber Reinfo...IJERA Editor
The Flexural, Impact properties and Scanning electron microscope analysis of Bamboo/glass fibers Reinforced polyester Hybrid composites were studied. The effect of alkali treatment of the bamboo fibers on these properties was also studied. It was observed that the Flexural, impact properties of the hybrid composite increase with glass fiber content. These properties found to be higher when alkali treated bamboo fibers were used in the hybrid composites. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treated leading to higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations. The author investigated the interfacial bonding between Glass/Bamboo reinforced polyester composites. The effect of alkali treatment on the bonding between Glass/Bamboo composites was also studied.
The document summarizes research on developing hybrid composite materials made from aramid, onion, and glass fibers reinforced with epoxy resin. The researchers studied the flexural and tensile properties of the composites and the effect of alkali treating the fibers. They found that alkali treating the fibers improved the mechanical properties and bonding within the composites. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that alkali treatment made the fiber surfaces rougher, improving bonding to the epoxy matrix. The chemical resistance of the composites was also evaluated.
Effect of fibers on Hybrid Matrix CompositesIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on the effect of fibers on hybrid matrix composites. The study examined the impact strength, frictional coefficient, dielectric strength, and chemical resistance of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. It found that impact strength and frictional coefficient increased with higher glass fiber content. Properties were also higher when alkali-treated bamboo fibers were used. Dielectric strength was found to increase for all composites except those exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Scanning electron microscopy revealed improved bonding between fibers for alkali-treated composites compared to untreated ones. The removal of hemicellulose through alkali treatment led to higher fiber crystallinity and better fiber-matrix bonding.
Tensile and Flexural Properties of Sisal/Jute Hybrid Natural Fiber CompositesIJMER
During the last two decades using natural fiber as reinforcement in polymers has increased
drastically. The present research work has been carried out to make use of sisal/jute natural fibers. The
aim of this paper is to describe the development and characterization of new set of hybrid natural fiber
composites. It is made by reinforcing sisal/ jute fibers with epoxy resin in matrix by using hand layup
technique. The natural fibers were extracted by retting and combing process manually. Hybrid
composites were prepared using sisal/jute fibers of 0/40, 10/30, 20/20, 30/10, 40/0 weight fraction ratios
while overall fiber weight fraction was fixed as 0.4 weight fraction. The tensile and flexural properties
were carried out using hybrid composite samples. The results indicated that addition of sisal fiber in
jute/epoxy composites up to 50% weight fraction results increasing the mechanical properties
STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL FIBRE COMPOSITEIAEME Publication
In the present work an attempt has been made to fabricate a natural fibre reinforced plastic composite using sisal and jute fibres. 20% sisal,10% jute,10% starch,40% epoxy (araldite AY-103) and 20% hardener is used to fabricated
FRP composite. The composite is fabricated by simple hand lay method. Mechanical properties are tested and found satisfactory. Water absorption test of the composite is tested as per ASTM standard. It is observed that material is light in weight with sufficient strength and of low cost which
make it suitable for many engineering applications
Analysis of Composite Material Blended With Thermoplastics and Jute FibreIJERA Editor
This document analyzes the properties of a composite material blended with thermoplastics and jute fiber. The composite is made using a hand lay-up technique with jute fabric reinforced polyester resin. Testing shows that the untreated composite has lower tensile strength and hardness than the natural jute fiber, but higher elongation. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicates the distribution of fibers, resin and additives in the composite microstructure. The study concludes that while the composite has lower density than pure resin, resulting in better strength to weight ratio, the mechanical properties are not significantly improved over the natural fiber alone.
An Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Bamboo Reinfor...ijtsrd
Recently, in the attention in response to global warming issues and sustainable society, the manufacturing using natural materials has become actively. Bamboo, low cost, fast growing, and broad distribution of growth, is expected to contribute significantly to earthquake resistant construction and seismic retrofit technology in the developing countries. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of bamboo reinforced concrete beams. It compares these experimental results of bamboo reinforced concrete beams with the experimental ones of reinforced concrete beams and the mechanical property of the bamboo reinforced concrete beams is studied. From these experimental works, the possibility of effective using of ‘Bamboo is discussed. Gowtham M | A. Alex Rajesh "An Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42316.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42316/an-experimental-study-on-mechanical-characteristics-of-treated-bamboo-reinforced-concrete-beams/gowtham-m
A perfect PPT for jute fiber.
No need to edit again on this.
An executed project by own for final year project in B.Tech. and we got 100% result on this.
Try this for your review
Flexural, Impact Properties and Sem Analysis of Bamboo and Glass Fiber Reinfo...IJERA Editor
The Flexural, Impact properties and Scanning electron microscope analysis of Bamboo/glass fibers Reinforced polyester Hybrid composites were studied. The effect of alkali treatment of the bamboo fibers on these properties was also studied. It was observed that the Flexural, impact properties of the hybrid composite increase with glass fiber content. These properties found to be higher when alkali treated bamboo fibers were used in the hybrid composites. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treated leading to higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations. The author investigated the interfacial bonding between Glass/Bamboo reinforced polyester composites. The effect of alkali treatment on the bonding between Glass/Bamboo composites was also studied.
The document summarizes research on developing hybrid composite materials made from aramid, onion, and glass fibers reinforced with epoxy resin. The researchers studied the flexural and tensile properties of the composites and the effect of alkali treating the fibers. They found that alkali treating the fibers improved the mechanical properties and bonding within the composites. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that alkali treatment made the fiber surfaces rougher, improving bonding to the epoxy matrix. The chemical resistance of the composites was also evaluated.
Effect of fibers on Hybrid Matrix CompositesIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on the effect of fibers on hybrid matrix composites. The study examined the impact strength, frictional coefficient, dielectric strength, and chemical resistance of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. It found that impact strength and frictional coefficient increased with higher glass fiber content. Properties were also higher when alkali-treated bamboo fibers were used. Dielectric strength was found to increase for all composites except those exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Scanning electron microscopy revealed improved bonding between fibers for alkali-treated composites compared to untreated ones. The removal of hemicellulose through alkali treatment led to higher fiber crystallinity and better fiber-matrix bonding.
Tensile and Flexural Properties of Sisal/Jute Hybrid Natural Fiber CompositesIJMER
During the last two decades using natural fiber as reinforcement in polymers has increased
drastically. The present research work has been carried out to make use of sisal/jute natural fibers. The
aim of this paper is to describe the development and characterization of new set of hybrid natural fiber
composites. It is made by reinforcing sisal/ jute fibers with epoxy resin in matrix by using hand layup
technique. The natural fibers were extracted by retting and combing process manually. Hybrid
composites were prepared using sisal/jute fibers of 0/40, 10/30, 20/20, 30/10, 40/0 weight fraction ratios
while overall fiber weight fraction was fixed as 0.4 weight fraction. The tensile and flexural properties
were carried out using hybrid composite samples. The results indicated that addition of sisal fiber in
jute/epoxy composites up to 50% weight fraction results increasing the mechanical properties
STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL FIBRE COMPOSITEIAEME Publication
In the present work an attempt has been made to fabricate a natural fibre reinforced plastic composite using sisal and jute fibres. 20% sisal,10% jute,10% starch,40% epoxy (araldite AY-103) and 20% hardener is used to fabricated
FRP composite. The composite is fabricated by simple hand lay method. Mechanical properties are tested and found satisfactory. Water absorption test of the composite is tested as per ASTM standard. It is observed that material is light in weight with sufficient strength and of low cost which
make it suitable for many engineering applications
Analysis of Composite Material Blended With Thermoplastics and Jute FibreIJERA Editor
This document analyzes the properties of a composite material blended with thermoplastics and jute fiber. The composite is made using a hand lay-up technique with jute fabric reinforced polyester resin. Testing shows that the untreated composite has lower tensile strength and hardness than the natural jute fiber, but higher elongation. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicates the distribution of fibers, resin and additives in the composite microstructure. The study concludes that while the composite has lower density than pure resin, resulting in better strength to weight ratio, the mechanical properties are not significantly improved over the natural fiber alone.
An Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Bamboo Reinfor...ijtsrd
Recently, in the attention in response to global warming issues and sustainable society, the manufacturing using natural materials has become actively. Bamboo, low cost, fast growing, and broad distribution of growth, is expected to contribute significantly to earthquake resistant construction and seismic retrofit technology in the developing countries. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of bamboo reinforced concrete beams. It compares these experimental results of bamboo reinforced concrete beams with the experimental ones of reinforced concrete beams and the mechanical property of the bamboo reinforced concrete beams is studied. From these experimental works, the possibility of effective using of ‘Bamboo is discussed. Gowtham M | A. Alex Rajesh "An Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42316.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42316/an-experimental-study-on-mechanical-characteristics-of-treated-bamboo-reinforced-concrete-beams/gowtham-m
A perfect PPT for jute fiber.
No need to edit again on this.
An executed project by own for final year project in B.Tech. and we got 100% result on this.
Try this for your review
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Glass and Jute Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Com...IJERD Editor
Glass Fiber reinforced composites are emerging as a potential material for a wide variety of
industrial applications owing to their good combination of physical and mechanical properties. In recent
decades, glass fiber composites parts are widely used as sliding components in different engineering
applications. Due to the legitimate theoretical and practical importance, the study of tribological performance of
these emerging materials becomes highly decisive. In the present research initiative, two type of reinforcements
are selected there are Glass and jute fibers with matrix of epoxy 551 was used for composite specimen
preparation. The frictional and wear characteristics of the developed composites have been studied under
different sliding conditions. From the results it is conclude that jute is more efficient in improving the
tribological Performance of glass-epoxy composites than the raw glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Fabrication and Testing of Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites Banana/...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
IRJET- The Effect of Chemical Treatment on the Tensile Properties of Sisal Fi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the effect of chemical treatment on the tensile properties of sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Sisal fibers were extracted from leaves using a water retting method and then treated with 3%, 6%, and 9% NaOH solutions. Composites were made from untreated and treated fibers using epoxy resin and compression molding. Tensile tests found that composites from 3% NaOH treated fibers had the highest tensile strength, while those from 6% treated fibers had the highest Young's modulus. Chemical treatment improved the tensile properties by removing fiber surface components and increasing adhesion to the epoxy matrix.
PERFORMANCE STUDY ON HYBRID GLASS FIBER EPOXY COMPOSITEIjorat1
1) The document discusses a study on hybrid glass fiber-epoxy composites with the addition of chemically treated natural fibers like jute and bagasse.
2) Jute and bagasse fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, and stearic acid solutions. Composite specimens with treated and untreated fibers were fabricated by compression molding with layers of natural and glass fibers in epoxy resin.
3) The study aims to identify the optimal chemically treated natural fiber material to enhance the tensile and flexural strength of the hybrid composites. Mechanical properties of specimens will be compared to determine the effect of fiber treatment.
Analysis The Mechanical Behaviour Of Jute Fiber Composite An Integrated ApproachIJSRD
In this project work, the jute fiber and glass fiber composite laminate specimens are prepared as per ASTM standards. The composite laminate with the jute and glass fiber are fabricated by simple hand layup technique. The composite laminate undergoes various mechanical testing as tensile test, impact test, water absorption test and the mechanical properties are analyzed. In general the jute fiber composites are great strength, low cost and low density and it’s have enough potential for reinforcing agent.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Natural Fibre Sandwich Composite Panels-Analysis, Testing and CharacterisationIOSR Journals
The paper deals about the development, comparison, testing and analysis of composite materials and
sandwich composite panels. In this paper we have carried out testing of mechanical and physical properties of
coir composites, SMC laminate, Bamboo Composite, Cement bonded wooden particle composite. Then we have
used SMC Laminate on coir composite so as to increase its strength. Also we have carried out tensile test for
bamboo composite, coir composite, cement bonded composite. Then we have compared the values of these
composites. Water absorption test and flame test of coir composite, Bamboo composite has been carried out, so
as to find out the mechanical and physical properties of composite materials. Finally, Bending test and Analysis
of sandwich composite panels has been carried out for bamboo-EPS sandwich panel and Bison-EPS sandwich
panel to understand the characteristics of sandwich composite panels.
Mechanical Properties Of Sisal And Pineapple Fiber Hybrid Composites Reinforc...IJMER
In this study, Work has been carried out to investigated tensile , bending and impact
properties of hybrid composite of material constitutes sisal fiber and less discovered pineapple fiber.
These composites are adhered using epoxy resin cosists HY951 resin and LY551 hardener suitably
mixed in appropriate volume. Hybrid composites were prepared using sisal/pineapple fibers of 100/0,
70/30, 50/50, 30/70, and 0/100 Weight fraction ratios, while overall fiber weight fraction was fixed as
20gram. Here for preparing samples Hand lay up method is used , specimens are prepared , fibers are
arrenged in unidirectional manner and tests are carried out , which shows tensile and bending
strengths. The tensile & compressive test was applied on specimens of 300×50 & thickness varring
from 4-6 mm in dimensions but in different proportions of sisal and pineapple by weight. The test
result shows , the composite made by 50/50 fibers weight fraction of sisal & pineapple fiber has been
shown best impact strenght 47.2 N/mm2 as compare to other constitutes of sisal & pine fibers.this
constitute have good tensile & bending strength & their density is also less than sisal fibers. These
composites can be used in various purposes because of its unique features of recycleability, waste
utilization, environment friendly, bio-degradibility, good strength and a good alternative to plastics.
Mechanical Behaviour of Agricultural Residue Reinforced CompositesScientific Review
The increasing awareness and the quest for newer materials have given renewed interest to the development of green composites. This article focuses on the potential use of abundantly available waste agricultural residue for the preparation of composites. The mechanical properties of Rice straw fibers reinforced with Polyester resin, Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic polyester resin are studied and compared. Hand Layup technique is used to prepare the samples on which flexural and impact studies are made. Samples are made using different volumetric compositions of fiber and resin. The results show that the Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic resin offer good mechanical properties when compared to the polyester resin. Both these resins show similar behavior with respect fiber loading. The flexural strength decreases with increasing fiber loading for polyester resin and increasing trend is observed for both vinyl ester and isophthalic resin. Impact strength increases for the increase in fiber loading up to a certain limit and then decreases. It can be concluded from this study that the agro-waste materials are attractive reinforcements from the standpoint of their mechanical properties.
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibre/Glass Fiber and Epoxy Combined ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that enhanced the mechanical properties of jute fiber and glass fiber composites by mixing them with epoxy resin. Four different composite laminates were fabricated using jute and glass fibers in different layer arrangements. The composites were tested for tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, and their microstructure was analyzed using SEM and EDS. The JGGJ laminate composite showed the highest tensile strength at 76.22 MPa while the GJJG laminate had the highest impact strength. SEM images revealed better bonding between jute fibers and epoxy than glass fibers. Overall, incorporating epoxy resin improved the mechanical properties of jute and glass fiber composites and made them more
Experimental study was conducted to investigate the use of coir fiber as reinforcement in cement composites. Coir fiber was treated with natural latex before being added to concrete in lengths of 20mm, 25mm, and 30mm at percentages of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. Compressive strength tests at 7, 14, and 28 days showed that strength initially increased up to 0.75% fiber content and then decreased. The maximum compressive strength was achieved using 25mm fiber at 0.75% addition. The study concluded that coir fiber improves concrete properties and resistance to sulphate attack while reducing environmental pollution compared to synthetic fibers.
This document summarizes research comparing the physico-mechanical properties of jute-polypropylene (J-PP) composites and wood stock-polypropylene (WS-PP) composites fabricated using compression molding. Specimens of both composites containing 50% fiber by weight were tested according to various ASTM standards to evaluate properties such as tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strength, heat deflection temperature, and flammability. The results showed that the J-PP composites exhibited better mechanical properties than the WS-PP composites in most tests, with higher tensile strength, impact strength, heat deflection temperature, and flammability. Flexural testing found the J
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SEM ANALYSIS OF GLASS/NYLON/JUTE REINFORCED EPOXY H...IAEME Publication
Now-a-days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Attempts have been made in this project work to study the effect of fibre loading on the physical, mechanical and water absorption behavior of glass/nylon/jute fibre reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites and it’s fabricated by hydraulic press technique. Work has been carried out to investigate the flexural properties, tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and water absorption test of the composites and compared with glass and epoxy composite. It has been observed that the tensile properties, flexural properties and hardness increase with the increase in the weight fraction of natural fibers to certain extent. The morphology of composites is studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Resilient Characteristics of Stone Matrix Asphalt MixesIDES Editor
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is a gap graded mix,
characterized by high coarse aggregates, high asphalt contents
and polymer or fiber additives as stabilizers. In comparison to
dense graded mixtures SMA has higher proportion of coarse
aggregate, lower proportion of middle size aggregate and
higher proportion of mineral filler. It resists permanent
deformation and has the potential for long term performance
and durability. In the present study, an attempt has been made
to study the resilient properties of mixtures of stone matrix
asphalt made with two types of conventional binders namely
bitumen 80/100 and 60/70, with 0.3% by weight of a non –
conventional natural fiber, namely coconut fiber. The mixes
are subjected to both static and repeated load indirect tensile
strength tests. It is observed that the natural fibres have
propounding effect on the resilient properties of the mixes.
Evaluation of mechanical and water absorption behaviour of coir and rice husk...eSAT Journals
The document evaluates the mechanical and water absorption behavior of composites reinforced with coconut coir fiber and rice husk powder. Composites were prepared with untreated and NaOH-treated coir fiber at different weight fractions (5%, 10%, 15%) combined with epoxy resin and rice husk powder. Mechanical tests for impact strength and hardness were conducted according to ASTM standards. Results showed untreated composites had higher impact strength and hardness than treated composites due to better fiber-matrix bonding. However, treated composites absorbed less water than untreated composites due to the hydrophobic nature of chemically-modified fiber. In conclusion, untreated composites performed better mechanically while treated composites were more resistant to water absorption.
Experimental Investigation on Properties Concrete Paver Block with the Inclus...IJERA Editor
In this experimental investigation the compressive strength, water absorption and flexural strength of paver
blocks were determined by adding Coconut fibers in the top 20mm thickness. Coconut fibers were added in
proportions of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% in volume of concrete. The compressive strength, flexural
strength and water absorption were determined at the end of 7 and 28 days. Test results indicate that addition of
coconut fiber by 0.3% paver block attains maximum compressive strength. Test results indicate that addition of
coconut fiber gradually increases flexural strengths and water absorption at 7 and 28 days. In this investigation
at 0.3% of coconut fiber content effect of top layer thickness on compressive strength and flexural strength is
also determined. Results show that inclusion of fibers even up to 50% of top layer thickness compressive and
flexural strengths are increasing. The paper also shows the cost comparison per each block.
Mechanical Characterization of Bio-Char Made Hybrid CompositeIJERA Editor
Material discoveries and development have always been the cause of the growth and development of a nation
and the need of naturally made materials is the need of hours. Thus this paper takes you to the development of a
hybrid composite made of sisal fiber with epoxy as the matrix intertwined with softwood bio-char. Softwood
chip bio-char, produced by slow pyrolysis, has a porous structure improving its nutrient absorbing capacity,
surface area and thus a potential substituent. Bio-char has an appreciable carbon sequestration value i.e. a carbon
absorbing product. The orientation of sisal fiber are changed and studied in longitudinal and orthogonal
direction indicating superiority of longitudinal fiber orientation .It also addresses the variation in mechanical
characteristic (tensile flexural and impact) with different constituent of the new composite and its position in
material selection charts with a direction for further work.
IRJET - Mechanical Characterisation of Glass Fibre Composites by using Recycl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using recycled plastics to produce glass fiber composites. Plastics are widely used but not biodegradable, leading to pollution. They can be recycled mechanically by grinding into chips, heating to form yarn, and weaving into fabric. Glass fiber composites are strong but expensive. The study produced composites using epoxy resin with layers of recycled plastic fabric and glass fiber. Testing found the composites had densities from 0.94-1.17 g/cm3, tensile strengths around 50 MPa similar to thermoplastics, hardness increased with more fiber, and impact absorption increased up to 40% fiber content. The composites showed mechanical properties comparable to virgin glass
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
This document summarizes research on the fabrication and characterization of bio-composite materials using sunnhemp fibre. The document discusses how sunnhemp fibre was used to reinforce an epoxy matrix through hand lay-up methods. Various mechanical properties of the bio-composites were tested, including tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The results of the mechanical tests on the bio-composite specimens are presented. Potential applications of the sunnhemp fibre bio-composites are also suggested, such as in fall ceilings, partitions, packaging, automotive interiors, and toys.
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL HYBRID FIBER,...Journal For Research
Natural fibers are used to reinforce the materials. Many types of natural fibers are investigated for use in plastics, including flax, hemp, jute, sisal and banana. Hybrid fibers have the highest strength they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. The waste product is used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for useful process. Here the commonly 35% fiber and 65% polymer used to fabricate material in various ratios. Application of composite materials to structures has presented work focused the fabrication of polymer matrix composites by using natural fibers like flax, banana and sisal which are abundant nature in desired shape. With the help of various ASTM standards of patterns and calculating its material characteristics by conducting tests like flexural test, tensile test, impact test, and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of hybrid natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Glass and Jute Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Com...IJERD Editor
Glass Fiber reinforced composites are emerging as a potential material for a wide variety of
industrial applications owing to their good combination of physical and mechanical properties. In recent
decades, glass fiber composites parts are widely used as sliding components in different engineering
applications. Due to the legitimate theoretical and practical importance, the study of tribological performance of
these emerging materials becomes highly decisive. In the present research initiative, two type of reinforcements
are selected there are Glass and jute fibers with matrix of epoxy 551 was used for composite specimen
preparation. The frictional and wear characteristics of the developed composites have been studied under
different sliding conditions. From the results it is conclude that jute is more efficient in improving the
tribological Performance of glass-epoxy composites than the raw glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Fabrication and Testing of Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites Banana/...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
IRJET- The Effect of Chemical Treatment on the Tensile Properties of Sisal Fi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the effect of chemical treatment on the tensile properties of sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Sisal fibers were extracted from leaves using a water retting method and then treated with 3%, 6%, and 9% NaOH solutions. Composites were made from untreated and treated fibers using epoxy resin and compression molding. Tensile tests found that composites from 3% NaOH treated fibers had the highest tensile strength, while those from 6% treated fibers had the highest Young's modulus. Chemical treatment improved the tensile properties by removing fiber surface components and increasing adhesion to the epoxy matrix.
PERFORMANCE STUDY ON HYBRID GLASS FIBER EPOXY COMPOSITEIjorat1
1) The document discusses a study on hybrid glass fiber-epoxy composites with the addition of chemically treated natural fibers like jute and bagasse.
2) Jute and bagasse fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, and stearic acid solutions. Composite specimens with treated and untreated fibers were fabricated by compression molding with layers of natural and glass fibers in epoxy resin.
3) The study aims to identify the optimal chemically treated natural fiber material to enhance the tensile and flexural strength of the hybrid composites. Mechanical properties of specimens will be compared to determine the effect of fiber treatment.
Analysis The Mechanical Behaviour Of Jute Fiber Composite An Integrated ApproachIJSRD
In this project work, the jute fiber and glass fiber composite laminate specimens are prepared as per ASTM standards. The composite laminate with the jute and glass fiber are fabricated by simple hand layup technique. The composite laminate undergoes various mechanical testing as tensile test, impact test, water absorption test and the mechanical properties are analyzed. In general the jute fiber composites are great strength, low cost and low density and it’s have enough potential for reinforcing agent.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Natural Fibre Sandwich Composite Panels-Analysis, Testing and CharacterisationIOSR Journals
The paper deals about the development, comparison, testing and analysis of composite materials and
sandwich composite panels. In this paper we have carried out testing of mechanical and physical properties of
coir composites, SMC laminate, Bamboo Composite, Cement bonded wooden particle composite. Then we have
used SMC Laminate on coir composite so as to increase its strength. Also we have carried out tensile test for
bamboo composite, coir composite, cement bonded composite. Then we have compared the values of these
composites. Water absorption test and flame test of coir composite, Bamboo composite has been carried out, so
as to find out the mechanical and physical properties of composite materials. Finally, Bending test and Analysis
of sandwich composite panels has been carried out for bamboo-EPS sandwich panel and Bison-EPS sandwich
panel to understand the characteristics of sandwich composite panels.
Mechanical Properties Of Sisal And Pineapple Fiber Hybrid Composites Reinforc...IJMER
In this study, Work has been carried out to investigated tensile , bending and impact
properties of hybrid composite of material constitutes sisal fiber and less discovered pineapple fiber.
These composites are adhered using epoxy resin cosists HY951 resin and LY551 hardener suitably
mixed in appropriate volume. Hybrid composites were prepared using sisal/pineapple fibers of 100/0,
70/30, 50/50, 30/70, and 0/100 Weight fraction ratios, while overall fiber weight fraction was fixed as
20gram. Here for preparing samples Hand lay up method is used , specimens are prepared , fibers are
arrenged in unidirectional manner and tests are carried out , which shows tensile and bending
strengths. The tensile & compressive test was applied on specimens of 300×50 & thickness varring
from 4-6 mm in dimensions but in different proportions of sisal and pineapple by weight. The test
result shows , the composite made by 50/50 fibers weight fraction of sisal & pineapple fiber has been
shown best impact strenght 47.2 N/mm2 as compare to other constitutes of sisal & pine fibers.this
constitute have good tensile & bending strength & their density is also less than sisal fibers. These
composites can be used in various purposes because of its unique features of recycleability, waste
utilization, environment friendly, bio-degradibility, good strength and a good alternative to plastics.
Mechanical Behaviour of Agricultural Residue Reinforced CompositesScientific Review
The increasing awareness and the quest for newer materials have given renewed interest to the development of green composites. This article focuses on the potential use of abundantly available waste agricultural residue for the preparation of composites. The mechanical properties of Rice straw fibers reinforced with Polyester resin, Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic polyester resin are studied and compared. Hand Layup technique is used to prepare the samples on which flexural and impact studies are made. Samples are made using different volumetric compositions of fiber and resin. The results show that the Vinyl ester resin and Isophthalic resin offer good mechanical properties when compared to the polyester resin. Both these resins show similar behavior with respect fiber loading. The flexural strength decreases with increasing fiber loading for polyester resin and increasing trend is observed for both vinyl ester and isophthalic resin. Impact strength increases for the increase in fiber loading up to a certain limit and then decreases. It can be concluded from this study that the agro-waste materials are attractive reinforcements from the standpoint of their mechanical properties.
Characterization of natural fiber reinforced composites bamboo and sisal a re...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibre/Glass Fiber and Epoxy Combined ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that enhanced the mechanical properties of jute fiber and glass fiber composites by mixing them with epoxy resin. Four different composite laminates were fabricated using jute and glass fibers in different layer arrangements. The composites were tested for tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, and their microstructure was analyzed using SEM and EDS. The JGGJ laminate composite showed the highest tensile strength at 76.22 MPa while the GJJG laminate had the highest impact strength. SEM images revealed better bonding between jute fibers and epoxy than glass fibers. Overall, incorporating epoxy resin improved the mechanical properties of jute and glass fiber composites and made them more
Experimental study was conducted to investigate the use of coir fiber as reinforcement in cement composites. Coir fiber was treated with natural latex before being added to concrete in lengths of 20mm, 25mm, and 30mm at percentages of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. Compressive strength tests at 7, 14, and 28 days showed that strength initially increased up to 0.75% fiber content and then decreased. The maximum compressive strength was achieved using 25mm fiber at 0.75% addition. The study concluded that coir fiber improves concrete properties and resistance to sulphate attack while reducing environmental pollution compared to synthetic fibers.
This document summarizes research comparing the physico-mechanical properties of jute-polypropylene (J-PP) composites and wood stock-polypropylene (WS-PP) composites fabricated using compression molding. Specimens of both composites containing 50% fiber by weight were tested according to various ASTM standards to evaluate properties such as tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strength, heat deflection temperature, and flammability. The results showed that the J-PP composites exhibited better mechanical properties than the WS-PP composites in most tests, with higher tensile strength, impact strength, heat deflection temperature, and flammability. Flexural testing found the J
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SEM ANALYSIS OF GLASS/NYLON/JUTE REINFORCED EPOXY H...IAEME Publication
Now-a-days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Attempts have been made in this project work to study the effect of fibre loading on the physical, mechanical and water absorption behavior of glass/nylon/jute fibre reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites and it’s fabricated by hydraulic press technique. Work has been carried out to investigate the flexural properties, tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and water absorption test of the composites and compared with glass and epoxy composite. It has been observed that the tensile properties, flexural properties and hardness increase with the increase in the weight fraction of natural fibers to certain extent. The morphology of composites is studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Resilient Characteristics of Stone Matrix Asphalt MixesIDES Editor
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is a gap graded mix,
characterized by high coarse aggregates, high asphalt contents
and polymer or fiber additives as stabilizers. In comparison to
dense graded mixtures SMA has higher proportion of coarse
aggregate, lower proportion of middle size aggregate and
higher proportion of mineral filler. It resists permanent
deformation and has the potential for long term performance
and durability. In the present study, an attempt has been made
to study the resilient properties of mixtures of stone matrix
asphalt made with two types of conventional binders namely
bitumen 80/100 and 60/70, with 0.3% by weight of a non –
conventional natural fiber, namely coconut fiber. The mixes
are subjected to both static and repeated load indirect tensile
strength tests. It is observed that the natural fibres have
propounding effect on the resilient properties of the mixes.
Evaluation of mechanical and water absorption behaviour of coir and rice husk...eSAT Journals
The document evaluates the mechanical and water absorption behavior of composites reinforced with coconut coir fiber and rice husk powder. Composites were prepared with untreated and NaOH-treated coir fiber at different weight fractions (5%, 10%, 15%) combined with epoxy resin and rice husk powder. Mechanical tests for impact strength and hardness were conducted according to ASTM standards. Results showed untreated composites had higher impact strength and hardness than treated composites due to better fiber-matrix bonding. However, treated composites absorbed less water than untreated composites due to the hydrophobic nature of chemically-modified fiber. In conclusion, untreated composites performed better mechanically while treated composites were more resistant to water absorption.
Experimental Investigation on Properties Concrete Paver Block with the Inclus...IJERA Editor
In this experimental investigation the compressive strength, water absorption and flexural strength of paver
blocks were determined by adding Coconut fibers in the top 20mm thickness. Coconut fibers were added in
proportions of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% in volume of concrete. The compressive strength, flexural
strength and water absorption were determined at the end of 7 and 28 days. Test results indicate that addition of
coconut fiber by 0.3% paver block attains maximum compressive strength. Test results indicate that addition of
coconut fiber gradually increases flexural strengths and water absorption at 7 and 28 days. In this investigation
at 0.3% of coconut fiber content effect of top layer thickness on compressive strength and flexural strength is
also determined. Results show that inclusion of fibers even up to 50% of top layer thickness compressive and
flexural strengths are increasing. The paper also shows the cost comparison per each block.
Mechanical Characterization of Bio-Char Made Hybrid CompositeIJERA Editor
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absorbing product. The orientation of sisal fiber are changed and studied in longitudinal and orthogonal
direction indicating superiority of longitudinal fiber orientation .It also addresses the variation in mechanical
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IRJET - Mechanical Characterisation of Glass Fibre Composites by using Recycl...IRJET Journal
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL HYBRID FIBER,...Journal For Research
Natural fibers are used to reinforce the materials. Many types of natural fibers are investigated for use in plastics, including flax, hemp, jute, sisal and banana. Hybrid fibers have the highest strength they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. The waste product is used to prepare fiber reinforced polymer composites for useful process. Here the commonly 35% fiber and 65% polymer used to fabricate material in various ratios. Application of composite materials to structures has presented work focused the fabrication of polymer matrix composites by using natural fibers like flax, banana and sisal which are abundant nature in desired shape. With the help of various ASTM standards of patterns and calculating its material characteristics by conducting tests like flexural test, tensile test, impact test, and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of hybrid natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material.
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTY ON PALM/COIR BASED POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITESmsejjournal
Now day’s natural fibres as reinforcement have received more attention from the research community all
over the world in preparing polymer composites. These natural fibres have lot of advantages over synthetic
fibres. In this paper two natural fibers palm and coir reinforced composites were fabricated using compression moulding method which was a new effort and was not done elsewhere. Specimens were cut from
the fabricated composite plates according to the ASTM standards. Universal Testing Machine was used for
testing tensile and flexural strength of the composites. The impact strength of the composites was analyzed
using Impact tester. Further wear and moisture absorption tests were also conducted on the prepared
specimen. The results obtained through experimentation of both composites were compared and presented.
It can be concluded that the developed palm based composite possess superior property and can be recommended for fabrication of light weight high strength automobile parts.
Tensile and Impact Properties of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composite MaterialsIJMER
This paper is a review on the tensile and impact properties of natural fiber hybrid composites.
Natural fibers are having good mechanical properties, high specific strength, low cost, bio-degradable
and easily can recyclable through thermal methods. In this paper two different hybrid composites were
manufactured by compression molding and properties of tensile and impact results are conducted as per
ASTM standards. In this project three different fibers such as sisal, jute and glass with thermosets epoxy
resin used with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 15:15:70.Results showed that sisal/glass hybrid composite
has more tensile and impact strength while comparing to sisal/jute hybrid composite.
Investigation on 3-body abrasive behaviour of glass fiber and ramie fiber rei...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation into the three-body abrasive wear behavior of glass fiber and ramie fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Hybrid composites with varying proportions of glass and ramie fibers were manufactured using hand layup and tested for three-body abrasive wear under different parameters. The optimal parameters that resulted in the lowest wear rate were found to be A3 (30% ramie), B1 (580g load), and C2 (2000m sliding distance). Sliding distance was the most significant influencing factor on wear, followed by load, while fiber proportion was the least influencing. SEM analysis showed micro-plucking, micro-cutting and micro-cracks on worn surfaces. The Ra10
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes research on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester composites with varying fiber weight percentages (15-60%). Composites were produced using hand lay-up and tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness. Test results showed the mechanical properties improved with increasing fiber content. Tensile strength increased from 28.25 to 78.83 MPa, flexural strength from 44.65 to 119.23 MPa, and impact energy from 3.50 to 6.50 Joules. Hardness increased from 31.5 to 47 BHN. The composite with 60% fiber content exhibited the best mechanical properties.
Static Analysis and Experimentation of Jute Fiber Reinforced with E-GlassAM Publications
A composite is a heterogeneous material created by the synthetic assembly of two or more components constituting
reinforcing matrix and a compatible matrix to obtain specific characteristics and properties. In this project we Selected jute fiber, EGlass
and it is embedded in a biopolymer matrix system (epoxy), the task of which is to hold the fibers together, this provides and
stabilizes the shape of the composite structure, transmits the shear forces between the mechanically high-quality fibers, and protects
them against radiation and other aggressive media and the specimen is prepared. The component is conditioned and prepared for
testing and subjected to tensile, compression, hardness and bending test calculating the element results with ansys by using the test
results. The main aim of this project is to reduce the impact on the environment, by preparing specimen using recyclable natural fibers.
Epoxy/Wood Apple Shell Particulate Composite With Improved Mechanical PropertiesIJERA Editor
Recently there has been a great interest in the industrial applications of composites developed from natural fibers, bio or industrial waste. Present work is an attempt to synthesize composites using a bio waste material i.e. wood apple shell. Composites with 10, 20 and 30 wt % wood apple shell particulate reinforced epoxy composites have been synthesized using Hand layup technique. Mechanical properties have been investigated in detail. Considerable increase in tensile strength and young’s modulus was noticed with increase in filler content. Composites were found to be more resistant to abrasion. Flexural strength was found to be quite high in comparison to epoxy.
This document describes research into developing glass/banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Banana fibers were obtained from banana plants and characterized. Glass and banana fibers were combined at various weight fractions and arranged interleaving to reinforce epoxy composites. The composites were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. Hybrid composites showed improved mechanical properties compared to glass-only and banana-only composites. Specifically, tensile strength increased by up to 2.5% for glass and 63.4% for banana when hybridized. Flexural strength increased up to 6.9% for glass and 27.3% for banana when hybridized. Impact strength increased up to 5.1% for
This document investigates the abrasive wear behavior of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites using the Taguchi method. Composites were made with 10%, 20%, and 30% treated and untreated coir fiber. Abrasion tests were conducted at loads of 10-30N, speeds of 300-500rpm. Treated fiber composites showed better wear resistance than untreated. Wear rate decreased with increasing fiber content and increased with increasing load and speed. The Taguchi method was used to optimize parameters and minimize experiments. Analysis found treated fiber composites had the lowest wear rate.
Role of Natural and Synthetic Fillers on Erosive Wear Behavior of Basalt -Epo...IJRES Journal
An investigation was made to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of bio-based jatropha oil cake (JOC), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Clay on the erosive wear behavior of Basalt-epoxy (BE) hybrid composites. A Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) technique was employed to obtain a filled and unfilled B-E composites. The effect of different impact velocities (20 and 40 m/s) and angle of impingement from 300 to 900 on the performance of the wear resistance of the composites were measured. The results of erosive wear losses, angle of impingement, and impact velocity and erosion rate of 3% of TiO2 and JOC filled and unfilled B-E composites are analyzed and discussed. The worn surface features of unfilled and filled B-E composites were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of E-Glass and Kenaf Fibre with Epoxy R...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of hybrid composites made from E-glass fibers, kenaf fibers, and epoxy resin. Specifically:
- Kenaf/fiber glass hybrid composites were manufactured using hand layup with varying fiber contents and the composites were tested for mechanical properties.
- The mechanical properties tested included compression strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, and water absorption in sea water and distilled water.
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Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Study Analysis & Application of Bio-Composite Smart Materialtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Study Analysis & Application of Bio-Composite Smart Materialtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
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IRJET- Effect of Strain Rate and Thickness on Mechanical Properties of Ju...IRJET Journal
The document discusses an experimental study on the effect of strain rate and thickness on the mechanical properties of jute/glass hybrid fiber composites. Specimens of varying thicknesses (3.25mm, 4.8mm, 6.5mm) were tested at different strain rates using a universal testing machine. The properties tested included tensile modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength, and tensile toughness. Results showed that strain rate and specimen thickness affect the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite material. Specifically, the study found that increasing strain rate and decreasing thickness increased the tensile modulus and strength of the material.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo/Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester Composites
1. K.Sudha Madhuri et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 1, (Part - 3) January 2016, pp.128-132
www.ijera.com 128|P a g e
Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo/Glass Fibers
Reinforced Polyester Composites
1
K.Sudha Madhuri, 2
H.Raghavendra Rao, 3
B.Chandra Mohan Reddy
Abstract
The chemical resistance of Bamboo/Glass reinforced Polyester hybrid composites to acetic acid, Nitric acid,
Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, Benzene, Toluene, Carbon tetrachloride and Water
was studied. The tensile and impact properties of these composites were also studied. The effect of alkali
treatment of bamboo fibers on these properties was studied. It was observed that the tensile and impact
properties of the hybrid composites increase with glass fiber content. The author investigated the interfacial
bonding between Glsss/Bamboo fiber composites by SEM. These properties found to be higher when alkali
treated bamboo fibers were used in hybrid composites. The hybrid fiber composites showed better resistance to
the chemicals mentioned above. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to
higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations.
Keywords- Bamboo Fiber, Composites, Chemical Resistance, Tensile Strength, Polyester, Impact Strength,
Glass Fiber.
I. INTRODUCTION
Several studies on the composites made from
Polyester matrix and natural fibers like Jute, Wood,
Banana, Sisal, Cotton, Coir and Wheat Straw were
reported in the literature. Jindal, (1986) reported the
development of bamboo fiber reinforced plastic
composites using Polyester resin as matrix. Though
bamboo is extensively used as a valuable material
from times immemorial (because of its high strength
and low weight) the studies on this fiber reinforced
plastics are meager. In the present work, the
bamboo/glass fiber reinforced high performance
Polyester hybrid composites were developed and
their tensile and impact properties with fiber content
(with varying ratio of glass/bamboo fibers) were
studied. The effect of alkali treatment of the bamboo
fibers on these properties was also studied. The
chemical resistance properties with varying fiber
percentage were also studied.
A. Materials
High performance Unsaturated Polyester resin
and the curing agent hardener HY 951 system were
used as the matrix. Bamboo fibers (Dendrocalamus
Strictus) were procured from Tripura State of India in
the dried form. Some of these fibers were soaked in
1% of NaOH solution for 30 minutes to remove any
greasy material and hemi cellulose. Washed
thoroughly in distilled water and dried under the sun
for one week. The fibers with a thickness of 0.3 mm
were selected in the mat form. The Glass fibers
(chopped form) have been procured from company
(Owens Corning Fiber Glass Mat, Bombay) is used in
making the hybrid composite percentage.
B. Preparation of mould
For making the composites, a moulding box was
prepared with glass with 200mm×200mm×3mm
mould (length × width × thickness).
II. PREPARATION OF THE COMPOSITES
AND TEST SPECIMENS
The mould cavity was coated with a thin layer of
aqueous solution of Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) which
acts as a good releasing agent. Further a thin coating
of hard wax laid over it and finally another thin layer
of PVA was coated. Each coat was allowed to dry for
20 minutes at room temperature. A 3mm thick plate
was made from the Polyester and hardener taken in
the ratio of 100 and 10 parts by weight respectively.
Then the moulding box was loaded with the matrix
mixture, bamboo and glass fiber in random
orientation (with varying percentage) and was placed
in vacuum oven which was maintained at 100o
c for 3
hours to complete the curing. After curing, the plate
was removed from the moulding box with simple
tapering and it was cut into samples for tensile test
150mm x 15mm x 3mm, Impact test 120mm × 13mm
× 3mm and for chemical test with dimensions of
10mm × 5mm × 5mm. For comparison sake the
specimen for matrix were also prepared in similar
lines.
A. Tensile load measurement
The Tensile stress and tensile moduli were
determined using Instron 3369 model UTM. The
cross head speed for tensile test was maintained at 10
mm per minute. In each case 5 samples were tested
and average values are reported. The test specimens
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. K.Sudha Madhuri et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 1, (Part - 3) January 2016, pp.128-132
www.ijera.com 129|P a g e
with dimensions 15mm × 10mm × 3 mm are cut as
per ASTM D 3410-695 specifications. In each case
five specimens are tested and average value is
recorded.
Fig.1. Variation of tensile stress at yield with ratio of
% Glass/Bamboo fibers reinforced Polyester
composites.
Fig. 2. Variation of tensile modulus with ratio of %
Glass/Bamboo fibers Reinforced Polyester
composites
III. IMPACT LOAD MEASUREMENT
The impact strength is determined using IZOD
impact tester. The test specimens with dimensions
120mm × 13mm × 3 mm are cut as per ASTM D
256-88 specifications. In each case five specimens
are tested and average value is recorded.
Fig.3. Variation of impact strength with the ratio of
% Glass/Bamboo fibers reinforced Polyester
composites
A. Chemical resistance of composites
The chemical resistance of the composites was
studied as per ASTM D 543-87 method. For chemical
resistance test, the acids namely concentrated
hydrochloric acid (10%), concentrated nitric acid
(40%) and glacial acetic acid (8%), the alkalis
namely aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide
(10%), ammonium hydroxide (10%) and sodium
carbonate (20%) and the solvents- Benzene, Carbon
tetra chloride, Toluene and Water were selected. In
each case, ten pre-weighted samples were dipped in
the respective chemicals under study for 24 hours,
removed and immediately washed thoroughly with
distilled water and dried by pressing them on both
sides by filter papers. The final weight of the samples
and % weight loss/gain was determined. The
resistance test was repeated for ten samples in each
case and the average values are reported as shown in
Table 1.
TABLE 1
RESISTANCE OF HYBRID (GLASS/BAMBOO) COMPOSITE
REINFORCED POLYESTER TO CHEMICAL REGENT’S %
OF CHANGE IN WEIGHT AFTER IMMERSION FOR 24
HOURS
Chemicals Matrix Composite
40% nitric acid +0.2169 +0.25490
10% Hydrochloric acid +0.9405 +0.22491
8% Acetic acid +0.3065 +2.4239
10% sodium hydroxide -0.3361 -2.2191
20% sodium carbonate +0.726 -3.9726
10% Ammonium
Hydroxide
-0.3273 -2.9135
Benzene -1.271 -1.326
Toluene -0.671 -2.350
Carbon tetrachloride -1.114 +4.3858
Water -1.1212 -1.6326
IV. SEM ANALYSIS
The performance of a composite depends mainly
on the selection of the components and effective
stress transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement.
In order to achieve this, the interface between the
matrix and the reinforcement should be as narrow as
possible. This can be achieved only when the matrix
and the reinforcement are closer to each other.
To probe the bonding between the reinforcement
and matrix, the scanning electron micrograms of
fractured surfaces of glass/bamboo reinforced
Polyester hybrid composites were recorded. These
micrograms were recorded at different magnifications
and regions. The analysis of the micrograms of the
composites prepared under different conditions is
presented in the following paragraphs.
A. Untreated bamboo fiber
The micrograms of fractured surfaces of
untreated bamboo fiber are presented in figure 4 (a),
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(b), (c) and (d). Figures 4 (a) and (b) represents the
fractograms at two regions with a magnification of
100X. Figure 4 (c) and (d) are the fractograms at
these regions at magnification of 200X. From all
these micrograms, it is evident that fiber pullout is
observed, indicating a poor bonding between the
fibers. When the interfacial bonding is poor, the
mechanical properties of the composites will be
inferior. All the mechanical properties of the
glass/bamboo fiber composites studied (Chapter 4 to
8) indicate that these properties are the least for these
composites with untreated bamboo fibers. The poor
adhesion is indicated in Fig 4 supports this
observation.
Figure 4(a)
Figure 4(b)
Figure 4(c)
Figure 4(d)
B. Treated bamboo fiber
The fractograms of alkali treated bamboo fiber
composites are presented in figures 5 (a), (b), (c) and
(d). These fractograms were recorded at two different
regions and 100X and 500 X magnifications. From
these micrograms it is clearly evident that the surface
of the fibers becomes rough on alkali treatment. The
elimination of hemi-cellulose from the surface of the
bamboo fiber may be responsible for the roughening
of the surface. Here, though the bonding is improved,
fiber pullout is reduced. Thus the alkali treatment
improved the bonding. This is in accordance with the
mechanical properties of these composites.
Figure 5(a)
Figure 5(b)
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Figure 5(c)
Figure 5(d)
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The variation of tensile stress, tensile modulus
and impact stress with percentage glass/bamboo fiber
ratio is presented in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
respectively.
For comparison, these values for the matrix are
also presented in the same figures. From these figures
it is evident that the tensile and impact properties are
enhanced when the alkali treated bamboo fibers were
used in the hybrid composites. This is understandable
as the hemi cellulose and the lignin contents decrease
leading to higher percentage of crystalline α-cellulose
in bamboo fibers on alkali treatment. The minimum
and maximum values of tensile modulus for these
composites are found to be 2012 and 10072 MPa
respectively. Similarly the tensile stress values vary
in the range of 142 to 205 MPa. The minimum and
maximum values of impact strength for these
composites are found to be 282 and 413 MPa
respectively. Similar observation was made by
Varadarajulu et al. (1998 – 2004) and Srinivasulu et
al. (2006) in the case of some fiber composites and
polymer coated bamboo fibers. The effect of some
acids, alkalis and solvents on the matrix and
composite under study is presented in Table 1. From
this table it is clearly evident that for matrix and
composite, the weight gained is observed after
immersion. This is understandable as the matrix is
cross linked and as a result formation of gel takes
place instead of dissolution. Similar observation was
made by Varadarajulu et al. (1998 – 2004) in the case
of short bamboo fiber reinforced high performance
epoxy composites. It is also observed that the effect
of sodium carbonate, benzene, toluene and carbon
tetra chloride is negligible on both the matrix and
composites. The chemical resistance of the hybrid
composites with treated bamboo fibers is found to be
better for the chemicals mentioned.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
The hybrid composites of bamboo/glass fiber
reinforced polyester were made and their tensile,
impact and chemical resistance properties were
studied. The effect of alkali treatment of the bamboo
fibers on these properties was studied. These hybrid
composites were found to exhibit good impact and
chemical resistance properties. The hybrid
composites with alkali treated bamboo fibers were
found to possess higher tensile and impact properties.
The composites were found to be resistant to some
acids, alkalis and solvents. The elimination of
amorphous weak hemi cellulose components from
the bamboo fibers on alkali treatment may be
responsible for this behaviour.
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