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AAnn iinnttrroodduuccttiioonn ttoo eemmeerrggiinngg 
bbrraanncchheess ooff sscciieennccee –– 
BBIIOOTTEECCHHNNOOLLOOGGYY 
BByy 
SSHHAARRII KK SS
WWhhaatt iiss BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy?? 
 BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iiss tthhee uussee ooff lliivviinngg ssyysstteemmss && oorrggaanniissmmss 
ttoo ddeevveelloopp oorr mmaakkee eeccoonnoommiiccaallllyy uusseeffuull pprroodduuccttss oorr 
aannyy tteecchhnnoollooggiiccaall aapppplliiccaattiioonn,, tthhaatt uusseess bbiioollooggiiccaall 
ssyysstteemmss,, lliivviinngg oorrggaanniissmmss oorr ddeerriivvaattiivveess tthheerreeooff,, ttoo 
mmaakkee oorr mmooddiiffyy pprroodduuccttss oorr pprroocceessss ffoorr ssppeecciiffiicc uussee..
TThhee ffaatthheerr ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy 
 LLoouuiiss PPaasstteeuurr iiss 
kknnoowwnn aass tthhee ffaatthheerr ooff 
BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy
DDeerriivvaattiioonn ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy 
 BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy == BBiioollooggyy ++ TTeecchhnnoollooggyy 
 TThhee tteerrmm wwaass ccooiinneedd iinn 11991199 bbyy KKaarrll EErreekkyy,, aa 
HHuunnggaarriiaann EEnnggiinneeeerr.. 
 BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy aarroossee ffrroomm tthhee ffiieelldd ooff ZZyymmootteecchhnnoollooggyy.. 
 AAllccoohhooll wwaass tthhee ffiirrsstt pprroodduucctt ooff aanncciieenntt BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy..
DDiiffffeerreenntt ffiieellddss ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy 
 BBlluuee BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy ::-- MMaarriinnee && aaqquuaattiicc pprroocceesssseess.. 
 GGrreeeenn BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy ::-- AAggrriiccuullttuurraall pprroocceesssseess.. 
 RReedd BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy ::-- MMeeddiiccaall pprroocceesssseess.. 
 WWhhiittee BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy ::-- IInndduussttrriiaall PPrroocceesssseess.. 
 MMoolleeccuullaarr BBiioollooggyy ::-- MMoolleeccuullaarr lleevveell ssttuuddiieess.. 
 GGeenneettiicc EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg 
 RReeccoommbbiinnaanntt DDNNAA ((rrDDNNAA)) tteecchhnnoollooggyy..
AApppplliiccaattiioonnss ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy 
 DDiiaaggnnoossttiicc KKiitt 
 EExxaammppllee :: PPrreeggnnaannccyy KKiitt 
 HHoorrmmoonneess,, EEnnzzyymmeess.. 
 PPllaassmmiinnooggeenn aaccttiivvaattoorr.. 
 AAnnttiibbiioottiiccss.. 
 CChhlloorraammpphheenniiccooll bbyy ssttrreeppttoommyycceess.. 
 MMoonnoocclloonnaall AAnnttiibbooddiieess..
AApppplliiccaattiioonnss ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy 
 VVaacccciinneess.. 
 HHeeppaattiittiiss BB && HHeerrppeess VViirruuss.. 
 BBiiooffeerrttiilliisseerrss.. 
 NN22 FFiixxaattiioonn bbyy RRhhiizzoobbiiuumm.. 
 VViittaammiinneess.. 
 VViittaammiinnee BB--122 && BB--22.. 
 HHuummuulliinnee..
AApppplliiccaattiioonnss ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy 
 SStteerrooiiddss..
DDoollllyy 
 TThhee ffiirrsstt aanniimmaall cclloonneedd 
ffrroomm ddiippllooiidd cceellllss.. 
 PPrroodduucceedd iinn SSccoottllaanndd iinn 
11999977..
BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iinn vvaarriioouuss ffiieelldd ooff 
sscciieennccee.. 
 PPllaanntt SScciieennccee 
 PPrroodduuccttiioonn ooff ttrraannssggeenniicc ppllaannttss.. 
 PPrroodduuccttiioonn ooff bbiioollooggiiccaallllyy iimmppoorrttaanntt ccoommppoouunnddss.. 
 EEgg:: SShhiikkoonniinn.. 
 SSttoorraaggee ooff ggeerrmmppllaassmm..
BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iinn vvaarriioouuss ffiieelldd ooff 
sscciieennccee.. 
 EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall SScciieennccee 
 CClleeaanniinngg ccoonnttaammiinnaannttss && pprrootteeccttiinngg eennddaannggeerreedd 
ssppeecciieess.. 
 EEgg:: bbiioorreemmeeddiiaattiioonn.. 
 IImmmmuunnooaassssaayy tteessttss ttoo tteesstt pprreesseennccee ooff ccoonnttaammiinnaannttss 
iinn ssooiill,, wwaatteerr && bblloooodd.. 
 IInnssttaallllaattiioonn ooff bbiioollooggiiccaall bbaarrrriieerrss..
BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iinn vvaarriioouuss ffiieelldd ooff 
sscciieennccee.. 
 AAnniimmaall SScciieennccee 
 IInn vviittrroo ffeerrttiilliizzaattiioonn && aarrttiiffiicciiaall iinnsseemmiinnaattiioonn.. 
 SSuuppeerr oovvuullaattiioonn aanndd eemmbbrryyoo ttrraannssppllaannttaattiioonn.. 
 CCrroossss bbrreeeeddiinngg.. 
 EEgg:: SSuuppeerr mmiillcchh ccoowwss
BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iinn vvaarriioouuss ffiieelldd ooff 
sscciieennccee.. 
 HHeeaalltthh SScciieennccee 
 PPhhaarrmmiinngg 
 UUssee ooff bbiioollooggiiccaall bbaarrrriieerrss.. 
 DDNNAA aannaallyyssiiss//PPaatteerrnniittyy tteessttss..
PPrroobblleemmss wwiitthh BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy 
 UUnneexxppeecctteedd iimmppaaccttss ooff GGMMOOss.. 
 EEtthhiiccaall ddiilleemmmmaass.. 
 LLaacckk ooff aawwaarreenneessss oonn BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggiiccaall pprroocceessss 
aanndd pprroodduuccttss..
CCoonncclluussiioonn 
 UUsseedd bbyy vviirrttuuaallllyy eevveerryy iinndduussttrryy.. 
 EEnnaabblliinngg vvaarriioouuss iinndduussttrriieess ttoo mmaakkee nneeww & 
bbeetttteerr pprroodduuccttss wwiitthh ggrreeaatt ssppeeeedd,, eeffffiicciieennccyy & 
fflleexxiibbiilliittyy.. 
 BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy hhoollddss ssiiggnniiffiiccaanntt pprroommiissee ttoo tthhee 
ffuuttuurree iiff ccaarreeffuullllyy rreegguullaatteedd..
TTHHAANNKK YYOOUU

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An introduction to emerging branches of science

  • 1. AAnn iinnttrroodduuccttiioonn ttoo eemmeerrggiinngg bbrraanncchheess ooff sscciieennccee –– BBIIOOTTEECCHHNNOOLLOOGGYY BByy SSHHAARRII KK SS
  • 2. WWhhaatt iiss BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy??  BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iiss tthhee uussee ooff lliivviinngg ssyysstteemmss && oorrggaanniissmmss ttoo ddeevveelloopp oorr mmaakkee eeccoonnoommiiccaallllyy uusseeffuull pprroodduuccttss oorr aannyy tteecchhnnoollooggiiccaall aapppplliiccaattiioonn,, tthhaatt uusseess bbiioollooggiiccaall ssyysstteemmss,, lliivviinngg oorrggaanniissmmss oorr ddeerriivvaattiivveess tthheerreeooff,, ttoo mmaakkee oorr mmooddiiffyy pprroodduuccttss oorr pprroocceessss ffoorr ssppeecciiffiicc uussee..
  • 3. TThhee ffaatthheerr ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy  LLoouuiiss PPaasstteeuurr iiss kknnoowwnn aass tthhee ffaatthheerr ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy
  • 4. DDeerriivvaattiioonn ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy  BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy == BBiioollooggyy ++ TTeecchhnnoollooggyy  TThhee tteerrmm wwaass ccooiinneedd iinn 11991199 bbyy KKaarrll EErreekkyy,, aa HHuunnggaarriiaann EEnnggiinneeeerr..  BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy aarroossee ffrroomm tthhee ffiieelldd ooff ZZyymmootteecchhnnoollooggyy..  AAllccoohhooll wwaass tthhee ffiirrsstt pprroodduucctt ooff aanncciieenntt BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy..
  • 5. DDiiffffeerreenntt ffiieellddss ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy  BBlluuee BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy ::-- MMaarriinnee && aaqquuaattiicc pprroocceesssseess..  GGrreeeenn BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy ::-- AAggrriiccuullttuurraall pprroocceesssseess..  RReedd BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy ::-- MMeeddiiccaall pprroocceesssseess..  WWhhiittee BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy ::-- IInndduussttrriiaall PPrroocceesssseess..  MMoolleeccuullaarr BBiioollooggyy ::-- MMoolleeccuullaarr lleevveell ssttuuddiieess..  GGeenneettiicc EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg  RReeccoommbbiinnaanntt DDNNAA ((rrDDNNAA)) tteecchhnnoollooggyy..
  • 6. AApppplliiccaattiioonnss ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy  DDiiaaggnnoossttiicc KKiitt  EExxaammppllee :: PPrreeggnnaannccyy KKiitt  HHoorrmmoonneess,, EEnnzzyymmeess..  PPllaassmmiinnooggeenn aaccttiivvaattoorr..  AAnnttiibbiioottiiccss..  CChhlloorraammpphheenniiccooll bbyy ssttrreeppttoommyycceess..  MMoonnoocclloonnaall AAnnttiibbooddiieess..
  • 7. AApppplliiccaattiioonnss ooff BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy  VVaacccciinneess..  HHeeppaattiittiiss BB && HHeerrppeess VViirruuss..  BBiiooffeerrttiilliisseerrss..  NN22 FFiixxaattiioonn bbyy RRhhiizzoobbiiuumm..  VViittaammiinneess..  VViittaammiinnee BB--122 && BB--22..  HHuummuulliinnee..
  • 9. DDoollllyy  TThhee ffiirrsstt aanniimmaall cclloonneedd ffrroomm ddiippllooiidd cceellllss..  PPrroodduucceedd iinn SSccoottllaanndd iinn 11999977..
  • 10. BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iinn vvaarriioouuss ffiieelldd ooff sscciieennccee..  PPllaanntt SScciieennccee  PPrroodduuccttiioonn ooff ttrraannssggeenniicc ppllaannttss..  PPrroodduuccttiioonn ooff bbiioollooggiiccaallllyy iimmppoorrttaanntt ccoommppoouunnddss..  EEgg:: SShhiikkoonniinn..  SSttoorraaggee ooff ggeerrmmppllaassmm..
  • 11. BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iinn vvaarriioouuss ffiieelldd ooff sscciieennccee..  EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall SScciieennccee  CClleeaanniinngg ccoonnttaammiinnaannttss && pprrootteeccttiinngg eennddaannggeerreedd ssppeecciieess..  EEgg:: bbiioorreemmeeddiiaattiioonn..  IImmmmuunnooaassssaayy tteessttss ttoo tteesstt pprreesseennccee ooff ccoonnttaammiinnaannttss iinn ssooiill,, wwaatteerr && bblloooodd..  IInnssttaallllaattiioonn ooff bbiioollooggiiccaall bbaarrrriieerrss..
  • 12. BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iinn vvaarriioouuss ffiieelldd ooff sscciieennccee..  AAnniimmaall SScciieennccee  IInn vviittrroo ffeerrttiilliizzaattiioonn && aarrttiiffiicciiaall iinnsseemmiinnaattiioonn..  SSuuppeerr oovvuullaattiioonn aanndd eemmbbrryyoo ttrraannssppllaannttaattiioonn..  CCrroossss bbrreeeeddiinngg..  EEgg:: SSuuppeerr mmiillcchh ccoowwss
  • 13. BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy iinn vvaarriioouuss ffiieelldd ooff sscciieennccee..  HHeeaalltthh SScciieennccee  PPhhaarrmmiinngg  UUssee ooff bbiioollooggiiccaall bbaarrrriieerrss..  DDNNAA aannaallyyssiiss//PPaatteerrnniittyy tteessttss..
  • 14. PPrroobblleemmss wwiitthh BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy  UUnneexxppeecctteedd iimmppaaccttss ooff GGMMOOss..  EEtthhiiccaall ddiilleemmmmaass..  LLaacckk ooff aawwaarreenneessss oonn BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggiiccaall pprroocceessss aanndd pprroodduuccttss..
  • 15. CCoonncclluussiioonn  UUsseedd bbyy vviirrttuuaallllyy eevveerryy iinndduussttrryy..  EEnnaabblliinngg vvaarriioouuss iinndduussttrriieess ttoo mmaakkee nneeww & bbeetttteerr pprroodduuccttss wwiitthh ggrreeaatt ssppeeeedd,, eeffffiicciieennccyy & fflleexxiibbiilliittyy..  BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy hhoollddss ssiiggnniiffiiccaanntt pprroommiissee ttoo tthhee ffuuttuurree iiff ccaarreeffuullllyy rreegguullaatteedd..