The document discusses phytoremediation, which uses plants to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals. Heavy metal contamination of soil is a growing problem due to industrialization. Conventional remediation methods are often costly. Phytoremediation uses plants and microbes to remediate soil in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way. It discusses different types of phytoremediation technologies including phytoextraction, phytotransformation, phytostimulation, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilisation. The document provides examples of plants used in phytoremediation and their ability to uptake different heavy metals.
This document summarizes research on heavy metal toxicity in plants and the strategies plants use to adapt and repair damage from heavy metals. It discusses how heavy metals accumulate in soil from various human and natural sources and affect plant physiology. Plants respond to heavy metal stress by producing reactive oxygen species, activating programmed cell death pathways, and inhibiting enzymes. To cope, plants have developed mechanisms to reduce metal uptake, compartmentalize metals, and detoxify metals through chelation. The document provides an overview of the challenges of remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and the potential of phytoremediation using plants.
This document discusses heavy metal soil contamination, its causes and health effects. Heavy metals can contaminate soil through mining, landfills and industrial activities. This leads to issues like the contamination of farmland near copper mines in Peru and the adverse health effects on residents living near a lead smelter in Boolaroo, Australia. The document also examines solutions to heavy metal contamination like bioremediation, phytoremediation and rhizoremediation, which use organisms or plants to clean up soils. More research is still needed to improve the success of remediation methods.
EFFECTS OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION ON SOIL MICROBIALgudlord nkosi
This document summarizes a study on the effects of heavy metal contamination on soil microbial biomass. The study aimed to determine if heavy metal contamination affects soil microbial biomass. Soil and heavy metal samples were collected from a contaminated site and analyzed over 8 weeks. The results showed that bacteria levels initially increased with heavy metal exposure but then declined from week 4 to 8. Lead and arsenic had the highest negative impact on soil fungi levels. The conclusion is that added heavy metals change the soil microbial community structure and activities over time.
Biosorption kinetics of vetiveria zizanioides rhizobacter on heavy metals con...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the kinetics of biosorption of heavy metals in contaminated wastewater using two bacteria - Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis - isolated from the rhizosphere of the Vetiveria zizanioides plant. The results showed that B. cereus accumulated the most lead (96.75%), cadmium (23%), and zinc (16.98%), while B. subtilis accumulated the most lead (95.2%), cadmium (41.3%), and zinc (32.2%). Kinetic studies revealed that the uptake of heavy metals followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The goal was to determine the potential of these microorganisms for bioremediating wast
Levels of heavy metal uptake by Abelmoschus esculentus and Buchole dactyloide...Hiran Amarasekera
173
Levels of heavy metal uptake by Abelmoschus esculentus and Buchole dactyloides grown in a damaged dry-battery disposal site in the wet zone of Sri Lanka.
S. Weerasinghe
Presented at International Forestry and Environment Symposium 2009 at Department of Forestry and Environment Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka from 18 – 19 December 2009 (Session 9 – Pollution Control)
Micro organisms living in zinc contaminated soil - a reviewIOSR Journals
This document reviews microorganisms living in zinc contaminated soil. It discusses how zinc contamination affects soil microbial communities and activities. Higher zinc concentrations can inhibit microbial growth and reduce enzyme activity. However, some microorganisms have adapted to survive in zinc polluted soils. The document also examines how certain microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Aspergillus can help remove heavy metals from contaminated soils and have potential applications in bioremediation.
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticlesHalaYassinElKassas
This research article describes the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (SP-IONPs) using the microalgae Spirulina platensis for removing cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. The SP-IONPs were characterized using various techniques. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption performance of the SP-IONPs for removing crystal violet and methyl orange dyes under different parameters. The SP-IONPs showed maximum sorption capacities of 256.4 mg/g and 270.2 mg/g for crystal violet and methyl orange, respectively, fitting well with the Langmuir model. The kinetics followed pseudo-second order kinetics and thermodynamics showed the process was endothermic. The
This document summarizes research on heavy metal toxicity in plants and the strategies plants use to adapt and repair damage from heavy metals. It discusses how heavy metals accumulate in soil from various human and natural sources and affect plant physiology. Plants respond to heavy metal stress by producing reactive oxygen species, activating programmed cell death pathways, and inhibiting enzymes. To cope, plants have developed mechanisms to reduce metal uptake, compartmentalize metals, and detoxify metals through chelation. The document provides an overview of the challenges of remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and the potential of phytoremediation using plants.
This document discusses heavy metal soil contamination, its causes and health effects. Heavy metals can contaminate soil through mining, landfills and industrial activities. This leads to issues like the contamination of farmland near copper mines in Peru and the adverse health effects on residents living near a lead smelter in Boolaroo, Australia. The document also examines solutions to heavy metal contamination like bioremediation, phytoremediation and rhizoremediation, which use organisms or plants to clean up soils. More research is still needed to improve the success of remediation methods.
EFFECTS OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION ON SOIL MICROBIALgudlord nkosi
This document summarizes a study on the effects of heavy metal contamination on soil microbial biomass. The study aimed to determine if heavy metal contamination affects soil microbial biomass. Soil and heavy metal samples were collected from a contaminated site and analyzed over 8 weeks. The results showed that bacteria levels initially increased with heavy metal exposure but then declined from week 4 to 8. Lead and arsenic had the highest negative impact on soil fungi levels. The conclusion is that added heavy metals change the soil microbial community structure and activities over time.
Biosorption kinetics of vetiveria zizanioides rhizobacter on heavy metals con...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the kinetics of biosorption of heavy metals in contaminated wastewater using two bacteria - Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis - isolated from the rhizosphere of the Vetiveria zizanioides plant. The results showed that B. cereus accumulated the most lead (96.75%), cadmium (23%), and zinc (16.98%), while B. subtilis accumulated the most lead (95.2%), cadmium (41.3%), and zinc (32.2%). Kinetic studies revealed that the uptake of heavy metals followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The goal was to determine the potential of these microorganisms for bioremediating wast
Levels of heavy metal uptake by Abelmoschus esculentus and Buchole dactyloide...Hiran Amarasekera
173
Levels of heavy metal uptake by Abelmoschus esculentus and Buchole dactyloides grown in a damaged dry-battery disposal site in the wet zone of Sri Lanka.
S. Weerasinghe
Presented at International Forestry and Environment Symposium 2009 at Department of Forestry and Environment Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka from 18 – 19 December 2009 (Session 9 – Pollution Control)
Micro organisms living in zinc contaminated soil - a reviewIOSR Journals
This document reviews microorganisms living in zinc contaminated soil. It discusses how zinc contamination affects soil microbial communities and activities. Higher zinc concentrations can inhibit microbial growth and reduce enzyme activity. However, some microorganisms have adapted to survive in zinc polluted soils. The document also examines how certain microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Aspergillus can help remove heavy metals from contaminated soils and have potential applications in bioremediation.
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticlesHalaYassinElKassas
This research article describes the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (SP-IONPs) using the microalgae Spirulina platensis for removing cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. The SP-IONPs were characterized using various techniques. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption performance of the SP-IONPs for removing crystal violet and methyl orange dyes under different parameters. The SP-IONPs showed maximum sorption capacities of 256.4 mg/g and 270.2 mg/g for crystal violet and methyl orange, respectively, fitting well with the Langmuir model. The kinetics followed pseudo-second order kinetics and thermodynamics showed the process was endothermic. The
Phytoremediation is a low cost and effective soil
treatment option for metal reclamation. The use of plants to
remove heavy metals from soil is the phytoremediation. Heavy
metals are among the most dangerous substances in the
environment because of their high level of persistence and
harmfulness to living organisms. The present study in the field
deals with phytoremediation of heavy metals from contaminated
soil around Steel industry at Boisar Industrial area, using Indian
mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plant. The impact of addition of
chelating agents like EDTA (Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid)
and Citric acid on the bioaccumulation efficiency of the plant
were investigated. Mustard plants were grown in soil around
steel industry. The results indicated significant reduction of
metals in the soil and increased accumulation in biomass. EDTA
proved better than citric acid in extraction of metals from the
soil. Order of percentage phytoextraction by plant was Fe+2 >Cd
>Al > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn.
Ppt of microplastic in soil of maharishi dayanand university andkiran yadav
This document summarizes a presentation on microplastics in soil. It introduces microplastics and their classification as primary or secondary. Sources of microplastics include cosmetics, clothing, and plastic waste. Microplastics enter soil through pathways like sewage sludge application, controlled-release fertilizers, and plastic mulching. Effects on earthworms, plants, and soil structure are described. A methodology for isolating and quantifying microplastics from soil samples is presented. Results show the highest microplastic levels in a university dumping site soil sample. Discussion analyzes the results and conclusion calls for attention and mitigation of microplastics in soil.
The major challenge in municipal solid waste management using landfills is
leachate, which causes a significant threat to subsurface resources. Leachate is the
liquid that passes through soil and has extracted dissolved and suspended solids from
it. Municipal solid waste landfills are one of the severe environmental impacts on the
urban environment. Landfills are one of the practices of disposal of municipal solid
waste in the Indian scenario. Understanding the leachate composition is an equally
important and critical factor in terms of environmental production. When the
municipal solid waste is buried in a landfill, physical, chemical and biological
reactions occur, and the refuse reacts with the moisture present in the soil. Studying
leachate characteristics and its treatment is essential as it could threaten the
ecosystem. Rapid urbanization is one of the major contributions to the generation of
municipal solid waste. The present study reviews the different applications available
to treat the leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfills. Nano-particles
are recently gaining great interest in the protection of the environment, which will
ensure sustainable development.
This document discusses heavy metal pollution of soil in China. It covers the definition of heavy metals, the current state of soil heavy metal pollution, characteristics of heavy metal pollution including persistence and bioaccumulation, sources of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric deposition, wastewater, waste and agricultural chemicals, hazards of heavy metal pollution to soil resources, human health and agriculture, methods to control pollution including engineering, biological and chemical approaches, and agricultural and ecological restoration methods to remediate contaminated soil.
HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND REMEDIATION IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE SOILSchikslarry
Throughout the world, there is a long tradition of farming intensively within and at the edge of cities (Smit et al., 1996). However, most of these peri-urban lands are contaminated with pollutants including heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Hg. The major sources of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils are discharge of effluents from domestic sources, coal-burning power plants, non-ferrous metal smelters, iron and steel plants, dumping of sewage sludge and metal chelates from different industries. Once the heavy metals are released into soils, plants can absorb and bio-accumulate these heavy metals and thereby affect humans and animals’ health upon consumption (Seghal et al., 2014). Hence, there is a great need to develop effective technologies for sustainable management and remediation of the contaminated soils. There are conventionally physicochemical soil remediation engineering techniques, such as soil washing, incineration, solidification, vapour extraction, thermal desorption, but they destroy the plant productive properties of soils. Moreover, they are usually extremely expensive, limiting their extensive application, particularly in developing countries and for remediation of agricultural soils (Kokyo et al., 2014). Phytoremediation has been increasingly receiving attentions over the recent decades, as an emerging, affordable and eco-friendly approach that utilizes the natural properties of plants to remediate contaminated soils (Wang et al., 2003). Phytoremediation includes phytovolatilization, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction using hyper-accumulator species or a chelate-enhancement strategy. The future of this technique is still mainly in the research phase, and many different Hyperaccumulators and crops that can be cultivated in heavy metal contaminated are still being tested.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses a study that examined the ability of the fungus Fusarium oxysporium to remediate heavy metals in irradiated and non-irradiated sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were incubated with or without the fungus over time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The highest cadmium levels were found in non-irradiated sewage sludge without fungus, while the lowest levels were found in irradiated sewage sludge without fungus. Cadmium levels generally decreased over time in all treatments as incubation continued. The fungus was able to reduce levels of some heavy metals like copper and lead in the sewage sludge compared to treatments without fungus
The Role Of Trees in the Bioremediation of Drinking Waterearthseva
The document summarizes a research experiment in Sri Lanka that tested using trees for bioremediation of contaminated drinking water. Trees were planted densely around a drinking well to uptake contaminants through their roots. Native tree species formed a "root mat" in the buffer zone. Additional trees were used as wind breaks and crops were grown organically nearby. Water quality was monitored over time, showing reductions in nitrate, nitrite and other contaminants. The experiment demonstrated that establishing forests can help clean contaminated groundwater in a sustainable way.
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology, geography, and earth science. Ecologists study interactions between organisms, as well as between organisms and components of their environment. Topics of interest include diversity, distribution, biomass, population, cooperation, and competition within and among ecosystems.
This document discusses new methods for cleaning up heavy metal contamination in soils and water. It describes three such methods: 1) in situ fixation, which chemically stabilizes heavy metals in contaminated soils on site, making them less toxic; 2) phytostabilization, which uses plants to reduce erosion and spread of contaminated soils; and 3) phytoextraction, which uses plants to take up and concentrate heavy metals from soils for disposal. In situ fixation and phytoremediation methods can cost less than excavating and removing contaminated soils while being less disruptive to the environment.
Artifi cial wetlands are useful for wastewater treatment; however, relatively little is known of the effects of sewage on artifi cial wetland microbial community structure. Therefore, we assessed the effect of municipal sewage on microbial community diversity in surface water throughout an artifi cial wetland (Xiantao artifi cial wetland) treating municipal sewage. We analyzed the relationship between physicochemical parameters of surface water (i.e., Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and
NH4+-N) with microbial community structure (Illumina MiSeq sequencing followed by abundance indices). The results showed that the total microbial community in surface water was signifi cantly correlated with COD, TN, TP, and NH4
+-N (r = 0.764, 0.897, 0.883, 0.839, P < 0.05). In addition, the most abundant taxa were significantly correlated with COD (r = 0.803, P < 0.05). The relative abundance of rare operational taxonomic units in the more purifi ed water farther downstream was higher than in the polluted area, suggesting that rare groups were more sensitive to physicochemical parameters than abundant groups, and that the abundance of some bacteria could indirectly indicate the degree of aquatic pollution. Our results indicate that the responses of microorganisms in artificial wetlands to environmental conditions should be considered to ensure efficient treatment.
IRJET - Heavy Metal in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Risk and ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews heavy metal contamination in soils from various sources like industrial activities, mining, use of pesticides and fertilizers. It discusses different analytical techniques used to estimate heavy metal concentration in soils like atomic absorption spectroscopy, instrumental neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Several studies estimating heavy metal levels in contaminated soils and their uptake by plants near industrial, mining and dumping sites are also summarized. The document concludes that modern industrialization has led to increased levels of heavy metals in soils posing risks to human health through the food chain.
Analysis and assessment of essential toxic heavy metals, ph andAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzed heavy metal contamination in river banks and adjacent agricultural soils along a 48 km section of the Ishaqi River in Iraq. Samples were taken from 10 sites and analyzed for zinc, copper, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, cadmium, vanadium and lead using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed higher concentrations of most metals in river banks compared to soils. Nickel, zinc, manganese and iron exceeded permissible levels in both river banks and soils. The highest metal concentrations were found at sites near residential and industrial areas, indicating pollution from waste discharges.
This document discusses a study that assessed the leaching of heavy metals like zinc, lead, nickel, and cadmium from ash and soil samples taken from an unsanitary waste dump at the University of Zimbabwe. The study found that samples from the waste dump had significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to control samples, indicating they could contaminate groundwater. The mobility of the heavy metals decreased with increasing pH for zinc, lead, and nickel, but cadmium mobility increased with pH in old ash samples. Cadmium levels in fresh ash samples exceeded WHO limits for hazardous waste, posing concerns for surrounding soil and groundwater quality. The study aims to better understand the relationship between leaching of pollutants from waste dumps
Environmental Pollution, Global Climate Change and Biodiversity Management approaches
current status of pollution levels (air, soil and water), strategies implied to curb the problem (particularly in India) and recent research carried in different parts of the world. Mitigation and adaption approach to climate change.
Heavy metals occur naturally but human activities concentrate them and introduce them into the environment. Plants uptake heavy metals through their roots from soil and water and act as conduits for metals to enter the food chain as animals consume plants and humans consume plants and animals. Common heavy metal contaminants taken up by plants include cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc. Some metals are necessary micronutrients for plants, but others like cadmium, lead, and mercury have unknown biological functions. Hyperaccumulator plants are able to grow in high metal concentrations by absorbing and storing extremely high levels of metals in their tissues through specialized root and transport systems.
Ecotoxicology is concerned with the harmful effects of chemicals on ecosystems. It examines the chronic effects of anthropogenic chemicals and chemical mixtures on organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystem structure. Ecosystem pollution can come from natural sources like metals and toxins, or anthropogenic sources like industry, agriculture, transportation, habitations, and military activities. The document divides pollution into three main types: air, aquatic, and terrestrial pollution. Air pollution sources include fuel combustion, industry, and transportation, which release pollutants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates. The toxic effects of air pollution can be both acute from high concentrations or chronic from long term exposure, and can cause respiratory issues.
The metals, which are required in a very minute amount and are considered toxic, are
termed as heavy metals. Researchers have widely investigated and studied these metals
due to their dangerous and harmful influence on health and the environment. Due to their
ability to accumulate and toxic nature these are addressed to be a vital source of environmental
contamination. Heavy metals have critically polluted the environment and its components.
This has severely damaged its abilities to promote life and provide its intrinsic
values. These are naturally available compounds and because of their anthropogenic origin
they are commonly found in various environmental domain. This results in deterioration of
the environment competence to support life and health of human, animals and plants
becomes threatened. This takes place because of bioaccumulation of these heavy metals in
the food chain which is a direct consequence of nondegradable state of the heavy metals.
The surroundings within which the human life exists is referred as the environment. It basically
comprises of the water, land, microorganisms, animal and plant life and the atmosphere
of the earth.
Phytoremediation is a low cost and effective soil
treatment option for metal reclamation. The use of plants to
remove heavy metals from soil is the phytoremediation. Heavy
metals are among the most dangerous substances in the
environment because of their high level of persistence and
harmfulness to living organisms. The present study in the field
deals with phytoremediation of heavy metals from contaminated
soil around Steel industry at Boisar Industrial area, using Indian
mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plant. The impact of addition of
chelating agents like EDTA (Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid)
and Citric acid on the bioaccumulation efficiency of the plant
were investigated. Mustard plants were grown in soil around
steel industry. The results indicated significant reduction of
metals in the soil and increased accumulation in biomass. EDTA
proved better than citric acid in extraction of metals from the
soil. Order of percentage phytoextraction by plant was Fe+2 >Cd
>Al > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn.
Ppt of microplastic in soil of maharishi dayanand university andkiran yadav
This document summarizes a presentation on microplastics in soil. It introduces microplastics and their classification as primary or secondary. Sources of microplastics include cosmetics, clothing, and plastic waste. Microplastics enter soil through pathways like sewage sludge application, controlled-release fertilizers, and plastic mulching. Effects on earthworms, plants, and soil structure are described. A methodology for isolating and quantifying microplastics from soil samples is presented. Results show the highest microplastic levels in a university dumping site soil sample. Discussion analyzes the results and conclusion calls for attention and mitigation of microplastics in soil.
The major challenge in municipal solid waste management using landfills is
leachate, which causes a significant threat to subsurface resources. Leachate is the
liquid that passes through soil and has extracted dissolved and suspended solids from
it. Municipal solid waste landfills are one of the severe environmental impacts on the
urban environment. Landfills are one of the practices of disposal of municipal solid
waste in the Indian scenario. Understanding the leachate composition is an equally
important and critical factor in terms of environmental production. When the
municipal solid waste is buried in a landfill, physical, chemical and biological
reactions occur, and the refuse reacts with the moisture present in the soil. Studying
leachate characteristics and its treatment is essential as it could threaten the
ecosystem. Rapid urbanization is one of the major contributions to the generation of
municipal solid waste. The present study reviews the different applications available
to treat the leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfills. Nano-particles
are recently gaining great interest in the protection of the environment, which will
ensure sustainable development.
This document discusses heavy metal pollution of soil in China. It covers the definition of heavy metals, the current state of soil heavy metal pollution, characteristics of heavy metal pollution including persistence and bioaccumulation, sources of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric deposition, wastewater, waste and agricultural chemicals, hazards of heavy metal pollution to soil resources, human health and agriculture, methods to control pollution including engineering, biological and chemical approaches, and agricultural and ecological restoration methods to remediate contaminated soil.
HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND REMEDIATION IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE SOILSchikslarry
Throughout the world, there is a long tradition of farming intensively within and at the edge of cities (Smit et al., 1996). However, most of these peri-urban lands are contaminated with pollutants including heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Hg. The major sources of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils are discharge of effluents from domestic sources, coal-burning power plants, non-ferrous metal smelters, iron and steel plants, dumping of sewage sludge and metal chelates from different industries. Once the heavy metals are released into soils, plants can absorb and bio-accumulate these heavy metals and thereby affect humans and animals’ health upon consumption (Seghal et al., 2014). Hence, there is a great need to develop effective technologies for sustainable management and remediation of the contaminated soils. There are conventionally physicochemical soil remediation engineering techniques, such as soil washing, incineration, solidification, vapour extraction, thermal desorption, but they destroy the plant productive properties of soils. Moreover, they are usually extremely expensive, limiting their extensive application, particularly in developing countries and for remediation of agricultural soils (Kokyo et al., 2014). Phytoremediation has been increasingly receiving attentions over the recent decades, as an emerging, affordable and eco-friendly approach that utilizes the natural properties of plants to remediate contaminated soils (Wang et al., 2003). Phytoremediation includes phytovolatilization, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction using hyper-accumulator species or a chelate-enhancement strategy. The future of this technique is still mainly in the research phase, and many different Hyperaccumulators and crops that can be cultivated in heavy metal contaminated are still being tested.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses a study that examined the ability of the fungus Fusarium oxysporium to remediate heavy metals in irradiated and non-irradiated sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were incubated with or without the fungus over time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The highest cadmium levels were found in non-irradiated sewage sludge without fungus, while the lowest levels were found in irradiated sewage sludge without fungus. Cadmium levels generally decreased over time in all treatments as incubation continued. The fungus was able to reduce levels of some heavy metals like copper and lead in the sewage sludge compared to treatments without fungus
The Role Of Trees in the Bioremediation of Drinking Waterearthseva
The document summarizes a research experiment in Sri Lanka that tested using trees for bioremediation of contaminated drinking water. Trees were planted densely around a drinking well to uptake contaminants through their roots. Native tree species formed a "root mat" in the buffer zone. Additional trees were used as wind breaks and crops were grown organically nearby. Water quality was monitored over time, showing reductions in nitrate, nitrite and other contaminants. The experiment demonstrated that establishing forests can help clean contaminated groundwater in a sustainable way.
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology, geography, and earth science. Ecologists study interactions between organisms, as well as between organisms and components of their environment. Topics of interest include diversity, distribution, biomass, population, cooperation, and competition within and among ecosystems.
This document discusses new methods for cleaning up heavy metal contamination in soils and water. It describes three such methods: 1) in situ fixation, which chemically stabilizes heavy metals in contaminated soils on site, making them less toxic; 2) phytostabilization, which uses plants to reduce erosion and spread of contaminated soils; and 3) phytoextraction, which uses plants to take up and concentrate heavy metals from soils for disposal. In situ fixation and phytoremediation methods can cost less than excavating and removing contaminated soils while being less disruptive to the environment.
Artifi cial wetlands are useful for wastewater treatment; however, relatively little is known of the effects of sewage on artifi cial wetland microbial community structure. Therefore, we assessed the effect of municipal sewage on microbial community diversity in surface water throughout an artifi cial wetland (Xiantao artifi cial wetland) treating municipal sewage. We analyzed the relationship between physicochemical parameters of surface water (i.e., Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and
NH4+-N) with microbial community structure (Illumina MiSeq sequencing followed by abundance indices). The results showed that the total microbial community in surface water was signifi cantly correlated with COD, TN, TP, and NH4
+-N (r = 0.764, 0.897, 0.883, 0.839, P < 0.05). In addition, the most abundant taxa were significantly correlated with COD (r = 0.803, P < 0.05). The relative abundance of rare operational taxonomic units in the more purifi ed water farther downstream was higher than in the polluted area, suggesting that rare groups were more sensitive to physicochemical parameters than abundant groups, and that the abundance of some bacteria could indirectly indicate the degree of aquatic pollution. Our results indicate that the responses of microorganisms in artificial wetlands to environmental conditions should be considered to ensure efficient treatment.
IRJET - Heavy Metal in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Risk and ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews heavy metal contamination in soils from various sources like industrial activities, mining, use of pesticides and fertilizers. It discusses different analytical techniques used to estimate heavy metal concentration in soils like atomic absorption spectroscopy, instrumental neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Several studies estimating heavy metal levels in contaminated soils and their uptake by plants near industrial, mining and dumping sites are also summarized. The document concludes that modern industrialization has led to increased levels of heavy metals in soils posing risks to human health through the food chain.
Analysis and assessment of essential toxic heavy metals, ph andAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzed heavy metal contamination in river banks and adjacent agricultural soils along a 48 km section of the Ishaqi River in Iraq. Samples were taken from 10 sites and analyzed for zinc, copper, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, cadmium, vanadium and lead using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed higher concentrations of most metals in river banks compared to soils. Nickel, zinc, manganese and iron exceeded permissible levels in both river banks and soils. The highest metal concentrations were found at sites near residential and industrial areas, indicating pollution from waste discharges.
This document discusses a study that assessed the leaching of heavy metals like zinc, lead, nickel, and cadmium from ash and soil samples taken from an unsanitary waste dump at the University of Zimbabwe. The study found that samples from the waste dump had significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to control samples, indicating they could contaminate groundwater. The mobility of the heavy metals decreased with increasing pH for zinc, lead, and nickel, but cadmium mobility increased with pH in old ash samples. Cadmium levels in fresh ash samples exceeded WHO limits for hazardous waste, posing concerns for surrounding soil and groundwater quality. The study aims to better understand the relationship between leaching of pollutants from waste dumps
Environmental Pollution, Global Climate Change and Biodiversity Management approaches
current status of pollution levels (air, soil and water), strategies implied to curb the problem (particularly in India) and recent research carried in different parts of the world. Mitigation and adaption approach to climate change.
Heavy metals occur naturally but human activities concentrate them and introduce them into the environment. Plants uptake heavy metals through their roots from soil and water and act as conduits for metals to enter the food chain as animals consume plants and humans consume plants and animals. Common heavy metal contaminants taken up by plants include cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc. Some metals are necessary micronutrients for plants, but others like cadmium, lead, and mercury have unknown biological functions. Hyperaccumulator plants are able to grow in high metal concentrations by absorbing and storing extremely high levels of metals in their tissues through specialized root and transport systems.
Ecotoxicology is concerned with the harmful effects of chemicals on ecosystems. It examines the chronic effects of anthropogenic chemicals and chemical mixtures on organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystem structure. Ecosystem pollution can come from natural sources like metals and toxins, or anthropogenic sources like industry, agriculture, transportation, habitations, and military activities. The document divides pollution into three main types: air, aquatic, and terrestrial pollution. Air pollution sources include fuel combustion, industry, and transportation, which release pollutants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates. The toxic effects of air pollution can be both acute from high concentrations or chronic from long term exposure, and can cause respiratory issues.
The metals, which are required in a very minute amount and are considered toxic, are
termed as heavy metals. Researchers have widely investigated and studied these metals
due to their dangerous and harmful influence on health and the environment. Due to their
ability to accumulate and toxic nature these are addressed to be a vital source of environmental
contamination. Heavy metals have critically polluted the environment and its components.
This has severely damaged its abilities to promote life and provide its intrinsic
values. These are naturally available compounds and because of their anthropogenic origin
they are commonly found in various environmental domain. This results in deterioration of
the environment competence to support life and health of human, animals and plants
becomes threatened. This takes place because of bioaccumulation of these heavy metals in
the food chain which is a direct consequence of nondegradable state of the heavy metals.
The surroundings within which the human life exists is referred as the environment. It basically
comprises of the water, land, microorganisms, animal and plant life and the atmosphere
of the earth.
La causa más importante de la contaminación es la acción humana. Entre los principales factores tenemos la producción con tecnologías que dejan desechos en el ambiente, el consumo excesivo, la sobreexplotación de recursos, y la falta de control sobre la emisión de ruidos, ondas magnéticas, radiación u otras externalidades negativas.
Effect of Concentration of Silver Nanoparticles on the Uptake of Silver from ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— The bioavailability and uptake of silver from silver nanoparticles in soil was investigated. Two species of insects, Acheta domesticus and Tenebrio molitor, and two species of plants, Helianthus annuus and Sorghum vulgare, were exposed to a range of concentrations of silver nanoparticles in soil. Silver nanoparticles were charactrized by techniques including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and powder X-ray diffraction. The concentration of silver in insects and plants exposed to silver nanoparticles was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The results suggested an increase in the levels of silver in both insects and plants as a function of increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles in soil. The translocation of silver to various parts of dicot plants such as stems and leaves was also observed. Such a result was not observed in the case of monocot plants. Results from this study suggests that silver nanoparticles would be available for uptake by insects and plants in terrestrial ecosystems.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This ppt covers sources, natural and anthropogenic processes, and impacts of heavy metals pollution on environment with Mechanisms of Remediating Heavy Metals.
Rishav Prakash discusses heavy metal removal technologies. Trace amounts of heavy metals like copper, iron, and zinc are required by organisms, but excessive levels can be toxic. Sources of heavy metals include mining, agriculture, solid waste, automobiles, and fossil fuel emissions. Removal technologies discussed include reverse osmosis, precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, and biosorption. Biosorption is the passive binding of heavy metals by inactive biomass like algae, fungi, and bacteria through mechanisms like adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, and precipitation. Obligate halophilic fungi like Aspergillus flavus and Sterigmatomyces halophilus show potential for biosorbing cadm
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document provides an overview of phytoremediation and phytoaccumulation. Phytoremediation uses various plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and destroy contaminants in soil and groundwater. Specifically, phytoaccumulation uses plants or algae to remove contaminants from soils, sediments, or water by taking up contaminants into harvestable plant biomass. Certain plants called hyperaccumulators are especially effective at phytoaccumulation due to their ability to absorb and store heavy metals at concentrations much higher than normal plants. The efficiency of phytoaccumulation can be quantified by calculating bioconcentration factors and translocation factors. While phytoaccumulation takes longer than other remediation methods, it is more cost
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Concentration of metal pollutants in river kubanni, zaria, nigeria.Alexander Decker
The document analyzes metal pollutant concentration levels in River Kubanni in Zaria, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected from four locations along the river and analyzed using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. 29 metal pollutants were identified, including magnesium, aluminum, calcium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, and more. Concentration levels varied along the river's course and between pollutants. Most metal contaminants originated from anthropogenic activities in the catchment area, while some were from geological formations. The presence of many metals could negatively impact human health due to carcinogenic and bioaccumulative properties. Control of polluting activities in the catchment area was recommended.
The Use Of Ecchornia crassipes To Remove Some Heavy Metals From Romi Stream: ...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study on using the aquatic plant Ecchornia crassipes (water hyacinth) to remove heavy metals from Romi Stream in Nigeria, which receives wastewater from a nearby oil refinery. The study found that E. crassipes effectively bioaccumulated and removed several heavy metals from the wastewater, including mercury, cadmium, manganese, silver, lead, and zinc. Calculated bioconcentration and biotranslocation factors indicated the plant was most effective at removing these metals from the most polluted sampling points in the stream. The study concludes that E. crassipes is a suitable candidate for phytoremediation of heavy metals in Romi Stream and reducing
Mobility and Distribution of Some Selected Trace Metals in Soil from Dumpsite...ijtsrd
Mobility and distribution of some selected trace metal was carried out using Tessier et al 1979sequential extraction method and the results obtained shows from dumpsite A, samples taken from 0 - 5cm the result ranges from 0.56 - 21.56 , 0.34 - 40.66 , 1.34 - 29.18 , 0.06 to 45.91 and 0.37 - 12.95 for the exchangeable, Fe - Mn oxide, organic carbonate and residual fractions respectively. For the samples taken from 10 - 15cm at dumpsite A, the results of the fractions are 0.42 - 13.63 , 0.03 - 18.48 , 1.01 - 25.34 , 0.03 - 35.19 and 0.27 - 9.31 for exchangeable, Fe - Mn oxide, organic, carbonate and residual fractions. The results of dumpsite Bare 0.48-27.36 , 0.28-40.07 , 2.93-31.15 , 3.87-42.50 and 0.84-30.67 for exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxide, Organic, carbonate and residual fractions for sample taken from 0-5cm while for samples taken from 10 - 15cm the results show 0.32 - 36.38 , 0.23 - 16.49 , 0.53 - 15.83 , 1.53 - 34.88 and 0.04 - 5.27 for exchangeable Fe - Mn oxide, carbonate and residual fractions respectively. The dumpsite C has the concentration of the various fractions ranging from 0.25 - 18.34 , 2.73 to 15.58, 4.02 - 23.28 , 0.07 - 45.25 and 1.57 - 37.43 for exchangeable, Fe - Mn oxide, organic, carbonate and residual for samples taken from 0 - 5cm while for samples taken between 10 - 15cm the concentrations are 0.42 - 12 .62 0.80 - 11.59 , 2.16 - 17.33 , 9.86 - 34.48 and 0.99 - 32.99 respectively. Gube-Ibrahim Mercy Ayinya | Ibrahim Ezekiel Gube "Mobility and Distribution of Some Selected Trace Metals in Soil from Dumpsite in Lafia, Nasarawa State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19106.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/analytical-chemistry/19106/mobility-and-distribution-of-some-selected-trace-metals-in-soil-from-dumpsite-in-lafia-nasarawa-state/gube-ibrahim-mercy-ayinya
This document summarizes a study that analyzed heavy metal uptake in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) grown in soil contaminated with sewage water in peri-urban areas near Sargodha City, Pakistan. The study found:
1) Heavy metal levels in soil samples were below permissible limits except for cadmium. Pumpkin accumulated higher levels of chromium, manganese, molybdenum, and cadmium compared to soil.
2) Transfer factors (the ratio of metal concentration in pumpkin to soil) ranged from 0.01 to 71.3, with the highest for chromium.
3) Daily intake of lead, cadmium, manganese, and molybden
Heavy Metals in Irrigated Crops along Tatsawarki River in Kano, NigeriaIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Monitoring of Selected Heavy Metals Uptake by Plant around Fagbohun Dumpsite,...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Contamination of heavy metals results in soil acidification and subsequently affects other soil properties.
Contamination of heavy metals causes a decline in the specific adsorption of other cations through an increase in saturation or oversaturation of the cation exchange sites by heavy metal cations, thus displacing the protons into the soil solution, which results in a significant drop in soil pH.
Three different pathways in which enzyme activities are inhibited by heavy metals:
masking of catalytically active groups;
denaturation of protein conformation; and
competition with heavy metals for enzyme–substrate complexes.
Soluble forms of heavy metals (Ag, Cu, Hg and Zn) are considered to be more toxic to enzyme activities (urease, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase) due to their high bioavailability.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
An Analysis and Study in Light of Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
An Analysis and Study in
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil
Narendra Kumar Bhatt
Research Scholar, Botany Department
Mewar University, Rajasthan
ABSTRACT
The modern movement quickens contamination of the
biosphere, particularly the soil. These days soil
contamination is getting impressive open
consideration since the size of this issue is developing
quickly. Heavy metals are the most hazardous
substances in the earth because of their abnormal state
of toughness and harmfulness to the biota. Various
examinations have been led around there went for
building up an effective and prudent approach to
remediate the soil contaminated with heavy metals.
Regular remediation techniques, for example,
physical, warm and concoction medications are
exceptionally costly. Phytoremediation is a creating
innovation which utilizes plants and their related
organisms for the remediation of soil defilement. This
procedure is practical without making unsettling
influence to the scene. This paper resembles a point of
reference or resource in distinguishing the issues
related with heavy metal contaminated soil and other
term known as Phytoremediation.
Keywords: industry, soil, metal, plant,
Phytoremediation etc.
1. Introduction:
The world's regularly expanding populace and her
dynamic selection of a mechanical based way of life
has unavoidably prompted an expanded
anthropogenic effect on the biosphere. In material
generation openings exist for the discharge into the
biological system of conceivably dangerous mixes at
different phases of the operation. These poisons are
deliver with an end goal to enhance human way of life
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
An Analysis and Study in Light of
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil
Narendra Kumar Bhatt
artment,
Mewar University, Rajasthan
Dr. H. N. Gour
Ex-Professor, Central Agricultural
University, Shilong, Meghalaya
The modern movement quickens contamination of the
biosphere, particularly the soil. These days soil
contamination is getting impressive open
consideration since the size of this issue is developing
quickly. Heavy metals are the most hazardous
substances in the earth because of their abnormal state
hness and harmfulness to the biota. Various
examinations have been led around there went for
building up an effective and prudent approach to
remediate the soil contaminated with heavy metals.
Regular remediation techniques, for example,
concoction medications are
exceptionally costly. Phytoremediation is a creating
innovation which utilizes plants and their related
organisms for the remediation of soil defilement. This
procedure is practical without making unsettling
ne. This paper resembles a point of
reference or resource in distinguishing the issues
related with heavy metal contaminated soil and other
industry, soil, metal, plant,
The world's regularly expanding populace and her
dynamic selection of a mechanical based way of life
has unavoidably prompted an expanded
anthropogenic effect on the biosphere. In material
generation openings exist for the discharge into the
tem of conceivably dangerous mixes at
different phases of the operation. These poisons are
deliver with an end goal to enhance human way of life
and form yet incidentally, there spontaneous
interruption into the earth can turn around a similar
way of life by affecting adversely on the earth.
Gigantic volumes of gushing are produced at various
phases of material assembling, because of the
utilization duplicates measures of chemicals and
colors. A few tons of materials required to get
together with societal requests are created day by day
in this industry. Effluents got from the material and
dyestuff exercises can give genuine natural effect in
the neighboring receptor bodies. The release of these
waste deposits into the earth in the long run toxic
substance, harm or influence at least one animal
groups in nature, with resultant changes in the
biological adjusts. Heavy metals will have a tendency
to adsorb immovably to the soil framework, and once
discharged to the earth, it won't debase like organics
by microbial action or through compound oxidation.
Human exercises, for example, mining, refining,
electroplating, and so forth can bring about defilement
of soil with heavy metals.
The present example of modern movement is
modifying regular stream of material a
novel chemicals into nature. The rate at which
effluents are released into the earth particularly water
bodies is expanding because of urbanization. A large
portion of these effluents contain poisonous
substances particularly heavy metals. Heav
make a critical commitment to condition because of
human exercises, for example, mining, refining,
electroplating, vitality and fuel generation, control
Feb 2018 Page: 701
6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 2
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil
N. Gour
Professor, Central Agricultural
University, Shilong, Meghalaya
and form yet incidentally, there spontaneous
interruption into the earth can turn around a similar
by affecting adversely on the earth.
Gigantic volumes of gushing are produced at various
phases of material assembling, because of the
utilization duplicates measures of chemicals and
colors. A few tons of materials required to get
requests are created day by day
in this industry. Effluents got from the material and
dyestuff exercises can give genuine natural effect in
the neighboring receptor bodies. The release of these
waste deposits into the earth in the long run toxic
, harm or influence at least one animal
groups in nature, with resultant changes in the
biological adjusts. Heavy metals will have a tendency
to adsorb immovably to the soil framework, and once
discharged to the earth, it won't debase like organics
obial action or through compound oxidation.
Human exercises, for example, mining, refining,
electroplating, and so forth can bring about defilement
The present example of modern movement is
modifying regular stream of material and bringing
novel chemicals into nature. The rate at which
effluents are released into the earth particularly water
bodies is expanding because of urbanization. A large
portion of these effluents contain poisonous
substances particularly heavy metals. Heavy metals
make a critical commitment to condition because of
human exercises, for example, mining, refining,
electroplating, vitality and fuel generation, control
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018 Page: 702
transmission, escalated horticulture, ooze dumping
and liquefying operations. Some heavy metals e.g.,
Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo and Ni are basic as micronutrient
for microorganisms, plants and creatures while others
have no known natural capacity. Every single heavy
metal at high fixations has solid lethal impacts and
viewed as natural poisons.
2. Review of literature:
Davies (1997) contemplated heavy metal
contaminated soil in an old mechanical zone of
Wales, Great Britain. For this reason, they gathered
70 soil tests (up to 15 cm profundity) on a consistent
lattice of 1000 m interim. These were removed
utilizing 0.05 M diammonium EDTA and the
concentrates broke down for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni,
Pb and Zn. Factor investigation yielded three
gatherings which clarified 73.8% of the information
difference. It was inferred that factor three contained
those components related with smelter outflows,
factor one with tainting from the Lower Swansea
Valley and in factor two pedogenetic forms control
the event of the components.
Eko and Ibok (1998) reported the seasonal variation
and partition of trace metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Cr and
Pb) in surface sediments of Calabar River, south
eastern Nigeria. They announced that concoction
segment of the metals in the dregs uncovers that 30%
of the aggregate metal load was contributed by the
non-detrital (corrosive solvent) part, while fine-
grained have minerals/mixes are the principle bearers
of the detrital (corrosive insoluble) portion.
Govil et al. (2001) did pollution of soil because of
heavy metal in the Patancheru mechanical
improvement zone, Andhra Pradesh, India. The
primary target of the examination was to build up the
spatial inconstancy in heavy-metal advancement and
to evaluate the degree of defilement in the
investigation zone. The information uncover that dirts
in the region are fundamentally contaminated,
demonstrating a few times more elevated amounts of
poisonous components than typical. Numerous heavy
metals, for example, Cr, V, Fe, As, Cd, Se, Ba, Zn, Sr,
Mo and Cu, are available over the typical conveyance
in the dirt. The heavy-metal heaps of the dirts in the
examination region are 240 mg/kg for Cr, 235 mg/kg
for V, 1,350 mg/kg for Ba, 200 mg/kg for Cd, and 500
mg/kg for Cu.
Pandey et al. (2002) led observing of heavy metal
collection in lichens from the Hetauda modern region
Narayani zone Makwanpur District, Nepal and found
the examples from the area inside the mechanical
territory have more elevated amounts of metal than
the outside territories. Pyxine meissnerina developing
in inside the mechanical territory amassed more
elevated amounts of all them metals broke down
Yilmaz et al. (2003) completed work on heavy metal
fixations in surface soil of Izmit Gulf locale, Turcky.
The tests were gone for examining the aggregate
metal groupings of Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium,
Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc.
From the aftereffects of investigation and correlations
among soil composes, it is unmistakably
demonstrated that urban and mechanical soils were
contaminated more than country soils. Disc was not
distinguished in any of the dirt examples. Pb
improvement in urban and modern soils may be an
aftereffect of fuel burning. The mean centralizations
of Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn were found as 22, 33, 842,
37, and 72 mg kg-1, individually.
Davis and Beckett (1978) detailed the basic
centralization of heavy metals in the tissues of
youthful grain plants and exhibited that an expansion
in metal focus could cause poisonous quality and
lessening in the yield of dry matter.Dhanraju (1987)
additionally announced noteworthy abatement in
biomass yield rate of Hibiscus sabdariffa because of
an increment in metal level over the upper basic tissue
grouping of heavy metals.
Pb, Cd, and Zn are ordinarily happening heavy metals
and are consumed by plants regardless of their
necessity. At the point when display at lifted levels,
lessened development and impeded digestion can
happen (Aery and Sarker, 1991)
Banu (1990) reported that at lower concentration of
Zn,Pb,and Cd the phenolic contents of Hordeum
vulgare and Brassica campestris plants decreased ,but
the plants showed increased growth in term of dry
matter. At higher concentrations of the above metals,
an increase in the phenolic contents was observed.
Hyperaccumulator plants can play a key role in the
fate of the pollutants of contaminated matrixes via
their root systems. Plants have been considered
suitable for soil stabilization and extraction of heavy
metals (Madejon et al. 2002).
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018 Page: 703
Gajanan S.Ghodake, et al. (2008) The Plant species
(Brassica Juncea,Sorghum valgare and Phaseoles
mungo ) of different consequence were evaluted for
the decolorization of dyes from textile effluent .
B.juncea,S.valgare & P.mungo should. textile
effeluent decolorization up to 79 , 57 and 53 %
Respectively. A significant decrese in shoot & root
height but no significant injury,was observed in the
case of P.mungo ,S.valgare&B.juncia (indian
mustard) the most tolerant and more effective metals
accumulator than other tested agricultural plant
species.
Varsha Mudgal et.al.(2010) The plant used in the
phytoremediation technique must have a considerable
capacity of metal absorption . It’s accumulation and
strength to decrese the treatment time . Many families
of vascular plants have been identified as metal
hyperaccumulator (Reeves and Baker, 2000, Prasad
and Feritas, 2003) and many of them belongs to
Brassicaceae the hyperaccumulator are metal relative
,having slow growth rate ,produce small amounts of
biomass and can be used in their natural habits
only.(Kamnav and Vander Lelic, 2000)
Akshya Pandey et.al.(2011) the amount of mercury
present in the stem of a normal plant was found to be
0.219 ppm and the amount of mercury present in the
test plant was 0.327ppm. the amount of mercury
increase in the test stem attributes to the uptake of
mercury by the lime plant with Brassicaceae nessed
by th`e upsurge in the value.
3. Phytoremediation at a glance:
The revelation of metal gathering properties in
specific plants prompts the improvement of
phytoremediation innovation. Research in the field of
phytoremediation is intending to create imaginative,
practical and earth perfect ways to deal with expel
heavy metals from nature. Indeed, even separated
from the metal hyper aggregating property of the
plants, the nearness of ground cover with plants
shields individuals from coordinate contact with the
dirt and keeps the blowing of contaminated tidy
around the area. Notwithstanding the
phytoremediation, different points, for example, plant
forms engaged with take-up, translocation,
sequestration, and corruption of natural and inorganic
toxins, and new improvements, for example,
utilization of hereditary designing in the field of
phytoremediation are likewise inspected. Sorts of
Phytoremediation Technologies Phytoremediation can
be characterizes as the joined utilization of plants, soil
corrections and agronomic practices to expel toxins
from the earth or to lessen its lethality. Contingent on
the procedure by which plants are evacuating or
diminishing the lethal impact of contaminants from
the dirt, phytoremediation innovation can be
comprehensively named takes after.
(Figure.1: Phytoremediation)
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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3.1 Phytoextraction:This is the way toward utilizing
toxin gathering plants to expel metals or organics
from soil by moving them in harvestable plant
parts.
3.2 Phytotransformation: This is the halfway or
aggregate debasement of complex natural atoms
by their joining into plant tissues.
3.3 Phytostimulation: In this procedure the arrival of
plant exudates or proteins into the root zone
empowers the microbial and parasitic corruption
of natural poisons.
3.4 Phytostabilization: This is a strategy that
utilizations plants to lessen portability of
contaminants (both natural and metallic
contaminants) by forestalling disintegration,
filtering, or overflow and to diminish
bioavailability of poisons in the earth, accordingly
keeping their movement to groundwater or their
entrance into the evolved way of life .
3.5 Phytovolatilisation: This is the technique of
using plants to volatilize pollutants or metabolites.
4. Sorts of Phytoremediation Technologies:
Phytoremediation can be characterizes as the joined
utilization of plants, soil revisions and agronomic
practices to expel contaminations from the earth or to
lessen its harmfulness. Contingent on the procedure
by which plants are evacuating or diminishing the
lethal impact of contaminants from the soil,
phytoremediation innovation can be comprehensively
delegated takes after.
4.1 Phytoextraction: This is the way toward utilizing
toxin aggregating plants to expel metals or
organics from soil by packing them in harvestable
plant parts.
4.2 Phytotransformation: This is the fractional or
aggregate corruption of complex natural particles
by their fuse into plant tissues.
4.3 Phytostimulation: In this procedure the arrival of
plant exudates or chemicals into the root zone
invigorates the microbial and contagious
debasement of natural toxins.
4.4 Phytostabilization: This is a technique that
utilizations plants to diminish portability of
contaminants (both natural and metallic contaminants)
by anticipating disintegration, draining, or spillover
and to decrease bioavailability of poisons in the earth,
in this manner keeping their relocation to groundwater
or their entrance into the evolved way of life.
4.5 Phytovolatilisation: This is the method of
utilizing plants to volatilize toxins or metabolites.
This innovation can be utilized for unstable natural
carbons (VOCs) and for the few inorganics that can
exist in unpredictable structures, for example,
selenium and mercury .
4.6 Hydraulic control: It is the controlling of water
table and soil field capacity by plant canopies.
5. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Soil :
Heavy metal contamination of soil is still an unsolved
problem. Heavy metal compounds in soil are very
hazardous pollutants for the following reasons:
o Non-biodegradable,
o Extremely toxic at low concentrations, and
o Chances of mobilization under changing
physical-chemical conditions.
Selection of a remediation technique for a site
contaminated with metals is complex, time consuming
and site specific. A few factors that impact choice of
an appropriate methodology are size, area and history
of site, openness to the site, viability of treatment
alternatives, soil and contaminant qualities,
accessibility of specialized and budgetary assets, and
level of pollution. Phytoremediation is a rising
innovation which can be adequately utilized for the
remediation of metal contaminated destinations. The
bioavailability of metals to plants is influenced by
various factors, for example, soil and plant qualities,
and different natural components. The principle soil
qualities incorporate pH, nearness of hydrous oxides
of iron and manganese, natural issue content, dirt
substance, phosphate content, redox potential, soil
molecule estimate (surface territory of soil particles),
and cation trade limit. Climatic conditions, water
system, and soil preparing hones are cases of natural
elements. The types of plant, character of plant tissue,
and time of vegetation likewise influence metal take-
up the metal take-up by a plant is relies upon the
grouping of dissolvable and bioavailable division of
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018 Page: 705
metals in the soil arrangement. The bioavailable
portion of metal in the soil can be controlled by the
Potential Bioavailable Sequential Extraction (PBASE)
technique Even however substance extraction won't
extricate metal from the soil in a way
indistinguishable to that of a plant root framework, it
can be utilized as a dependable strategy for evaluating
the bioavailability of metals bound to soil particles In
a dirtied soil, the convergence of bioavailable toxins
has a tendency to lessen after some time because of
physical, compound and organic procedures.On
account of this reason, matured soils are more hard to
phytoremediate .It is realized that to upgrade metal
dissolvability, plants either discharge natural ligands
or lower the soil pH in the rhizosphere. To enhance
metal dissolvability in the soil arrangement,
engineered chelates, for example,
ethylenediaminetetraacetic corrosive (EDTA),
nitrilotriacetic corrosive (NTA), pyridine-2-6-
dicarboxylic corrosive (PDA), citrus extract, nitric
corrosive, hydrochloric corrosive and fluorosilicic
corrosive can be utilized as a part of phytoremediation
ponders. The expansion of abundance chelating
specialists may build the odds of filtering the metals
from the soil to groundwater . On the off chance that
the metal focus in the soil is close to the phytotoxic
levels, at that point expansion of lime or natural issue
decreases the metal dissolvability.
6. Heavy Metal Toxicity to Plants:
A noteworthy inconvenience of phytoremediation is
that high centralizations of heavy metals or certain
blends of heavy metals may antagonistically
influences plant development and biomass creation by
disturbing the physiology and morphology of plants.
Some plant species can develop and create in
metalliferous (metal rich soils) soils, for example,
close to mining locales. Such plants can be used to
tidy up heavy metal dirtied destinations. The general
impacts of different metals in plant are :
6.1 Cadmium: Decreases seed germination, lipid
content and plant growth, but induce the
production of phytochelatins. Phytochelatin is a
metal binding peptide and has an important role in
cadmium detoxification in plants.
6.2 Chromium: Causes decrease in enzyme activity
and plant growth, and produces membrane
damage, chlorosis and root damage.
6.3 Copper: Disrupts photosynthesis, plant growth
and reproductive processes, and decreases
thylakoid surface area.
6.4 Mercury: Helps to accumulate phenol, but
decreases the photosynthetic- activity, water
uptake and antioxidant enzymes.
6.5 Nickel: Reduces seed germination, protein
production, chlorophyll and enzyme production,
and accumulation of dry mass, but increases the
amount of free amino acids.
6.6 Lead: Reduces chlorophyll production and plant
growth, but increases superoxide dismutase
(metal containing antioxidant enzyme).
6.7 Zinc: Reduces nickel toxicity and seed
germination, but increases plant growth and
ATP/chlorophyll ratio at moderate concentrations.
7. Conclusion:
In this research paper we come to know about the
heavy metals which adsorb immovably to the soil
framework, and once discharged to the earth, it won't
debase like organics by microbial action or through
compound oxidation. Later we discussed about the
Phytoremediation process which fundamentally
alludes to the utilization of plants and related soil
microorganisms to lessen the fixations or poisonous
impacts of contaminants in the situations" It can be
utilized for expulsion of overwhelming metals and
radionuclides and also for natural contaminations.
Finally it can be easily assumed that this research
paper is a great asset to understand the issues related
with phytoremediation process, heavy metal toxicity
etc.
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