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Civil War
- 1. The Civil War “BROTHER AGAINST BROTHER”
- 2. The Southern Secession States Rights—a state should have the right to decide what’s best for the people in the state “Hey, Union! Leave us alone or we’ll leave!”
- 3. The Southern Secession The Union—States joined together to make USA Lincoln Elected SOUTH CAROLINA SECEDES (LEAVES THE UNION)
- 4. The Southern Secession South Carolina: December 20, 1860 Mississippi: January 9, 1861 Florida: January 10, 1861 Alabama: January 11, 1861 Georgia: January 19, 1861 Louisiana: January 26, 1861 Texas: February 1, 1861 • VIRGINIA: APRIL 17, 1861 • ARKANSAS: MAY 6, 1861 • NORTH CAROLINA: MAY 20, 1861 • TENNESSEE: JUNE 8, 1861
- 6. The Southern Secession The Confederate States of America 11 Southern States Each state rules itself Jefferson Davis—President
- 12. War at Last Fort Sumter (S. Carolina)—April 12, 1861 1st shots of the war Confederates attack US fort
- 14. War at Last Border states—Slave states that didn’t secede Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, & Delaware
- 16. War at Last Border states—Slave states that didn’t secede Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, & Delaware West Virginia—wanted to stay with Union; split with Virginia
- 18. War at Last Richmond, Virginia— Confederate capital 109 miles away from D.C.
- 20. War at Last “On to Richmond!” Goal: Capture Manassas Junction capture Richmond North is confident for a victory (more men & weapons) http://www.civilwar.org/hallowed-ground- magazine/spring-2011/an-end-to- innocence.html
- 21. 35,000 Union 90-day volunteers march from DC to Manassas—27 miles
- 22. Irvin McDowell Capture Manassas Junction—best route to Richmond
- 26. Early Movements. Tyler approaches the Stone Bridge across Bull Run. Taking the High Ground. Confederate forces mass on Henry House Hill
- 27. Fight for the Guns. The area around Capt. James Ricketts's Union battery became a maelstrom of conflict.
- 28. General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson “There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Confederate (VA) Kept McDowell from advancing
- 30. Fight for the Guns. The area around Capt. James Ricketts's Union battery became a maelstrom of conflict. Falling Back. The Union withdrawal across Bull Run and back toward Washington quickly became disorganized.
- 31. War at Last “On to Richmond!” First Battle of Bull Run oConfederates win—Union runs away oResult: People realize the war will be long and bloody http://www.civilwar.org/hallowed-ground- magazine/spring-2011/an-end-to- innocence.html
- 32. War at Last http://www.civilwar.org/hallowed-ground-magazine/spring-2011/shaping-a-volunteer-army.html website dead--printout
- 35. Comparing North & South North—Union Advantages: • Larger population • More factories (make war supplies) • Better rail system • Good banking system • Better navy • Abraham Lincoln South—Confederacy
- 39. Comparing North & South North—Union Advantages: • Larger population • More factories (make war supplies) • Better rail system • Good banking system • Better navy • Abraham Lincoln South—Confederacy Advantages: • Fighting on home land • Support from the people • Better military leaders & more military experience
- 41. Comparing North & South North—Union Disadvantages: • Not on homeland • Facing hostile Southerners • less military experience South—Confederacy Disadvantages: • Less people & railroads • Less industry run out of supplies • States rights kept them from working together
- 44. Comparing North & South North—Union Strategies: Anaconda Plan 1. Blockade Southern ports 2. Gain control of Mississippi River (Split the South) 3. Capture Richmond (South’s capital) 4. Capture Tennessee River Valley & march through Georgia to coast South—Confederacy Strategies: 1. Defensive war: win by not losing ◦ Wear out the Union 2. Get European support http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist110/unit4/CivilWar.html
- 45. Comparing North & South North—Union Goal: • Keep the Union together South—Confederacy Goal: • Secession and independence http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist110/unit4/CivilWar.html
- 46. Political Cartoon Activity Topic: Anaconda Plan
- 50. On the front lines Fighting in lines—Why? oPsychological oLack of accuracy oView of the flags
- 51. Springfield Rifle Union Army’s standard weapon Rifled bore = greater accuracy • 150-200 yards On the front lines
- 52. Sharps rifle o Single shot o 8-10 shots in a minute On the front lines
- 53. Henry rifle o .44 cartridge o 16 rounds o 28 rounds/ minute On the front lines
- 54. On the front lines Spencer Rifle o Union cavalry o Holds 7 rounds o Disadvantage: cloud of smoke, lack of ammunition
- 55. Bayonet o Hand to hand On the front lines
- 56. Pistols o Officers/cavalrymen o 5-6 shots o Powder, paper, bullet rammed with ram rod On the front lines 36 caliber Navy revolver (Confederate) U.S Army Model 1860 revolver (Union)
- 57. Howitzer Threw 12-pound shell up to 1000 yards (1/2 mile) Could be easily disassembled & carried by mule Smoothbore Howitzer On the front lines
- 58. Whitworth Rifled cannon—12 lb shell Breech-loader Accurate at 2,800 yards On the front lines
- 59. Gatling Gun Limited use in War (1864) 400+ rounds in 1 minute On the front lines
- 60. Swords Symbol of leadership On the front lines
- 61. Ironclad ships Revolving turret (cannon) Powered by steam engine On the front lines
- 62. Telegraph Long distance communication Result: organized troop movement On the front lines
- 63. Train Quick movement of troops and supplies Result: major battles located 100 miles or less from RR tracks On the front lines
- 64. Disease Biggest killer in war Hospitals = unsanitary “If a fellow has [to go to the] Hospital, you might as well say goodbye.” Union soldier On the front lines
- 71. Fort Henry & Fort Donelson The Union’s first Victory
- 76. Battle of Shiloh
- 77. Union Navy captures New Orleans
- 80. Robert E. Lee
- 82. Second Battle of Bull Run
- 85. Casualty •Men killed, wounded, or captured
- 86. Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 •Freed the slaves
- 87. Battle of Chancellorsville—May 1863 •Stonewall & Lee team up
- 88. Stonewall Jackson dies May 10, 1863 “Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees.”
- 89. Siege of Vicksburg—May-July 1863 •Vicksburg, Miss.—place where Conf. transported goods across Miss. River to West •Gen. Grant forces city’s surrender
- 90. Battle of Gettysburg—July 1863 •Lee leads attack in PA but is unable to beat Union •51,000 casualties
- 93. Wilderness Campaign—March-June 1864 Grant made commander of Union army Marches to Richmond
- 94. Sherman’s March to the Sea—Aug. 1864 Union marches from Atlanta to Savannah (GA) destroying everything
- 95. Surrender at Appomattox—April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant in VA
- 97. Ulysses S. Grant
- 99. Robert E. Lee
- 100. Stonewall Jackson
- 101. End of War