This document discusses how exercise affects the respiratory system. It states that exercise increases both the breaths per minute and the amount of air in each breath. During light exercise, ventilation increases mainly by breathing deeper, while during high intensity exercise it increases more through higher breathing frequency. At moderate intensities, ventilation rises through both deeper and more frequent breathing. The document also notes that training adaptations allow ventilation to improve through increased alveolar ventilation and tissue oxygen uptake during light and sub-maximal exercise.

1. EXERCISE EFFECT ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Mr. Anirban Misra
Assistant Professor,
Department of Physical Education,
Union Christian Training College,
Berhampore, Murshidabad, W.B.

2. Exercise is the most influential
physiological stress on breathing
 Exercise increases the
breaths/minute
 Exercise increases the
amount of air in each
breath (tidal volume)
How is increased ventilation accomplished?

3. During light exercise
 Ventilation increases linearly
with oxygen uptake and carbon
dioxide production
 This increase in ventilation is
accomplished more by
increased tidal volume
(breathing deeper in and out)

4. During higher exercise levels
 Ventilation is increased
more by increased
breathing frequency
 This will keep the blood
saturated with oxygen
because the blood is in
the alveoli capillaries
long enough for
complete diffusion of
gases

5. Steady rate (moderate) exercise
 sufficient oxygen is supplied to muscles
 due to increased oxygen up take, there is little,
or no, build up of lactic acid in the muscles
 some lactate will be produced and removed by
the blood stream
 lactic acid is neutralized in the blood (this
reaction produces carbon dioxide as a by-
product)
 increased carbon dioxide in the blood will
stimulate increased ventilation
 Increased ventilation is accomplished by both
increased tidal volume and frequency

6. How does pulmonary ventilation
(breathing) increase during exercise?
1. During light exercise (walking)?
By increasing the tidal volume (breathing deeper)
2. During intense exercise (sprinting)?
By increasing the frequency of breathing
3. During steady state exercise (jogging)?
By increasing both the tidal volume and the
frequency of breathing

7. It is the oxygen up take of the
muscles that does not keep up with
the oxygen demand (of muscles)
during strenuous exercises –
pulmonary ventilation is usually
adequate – usually more than
adequate.
IMPORTANT!!

8. The Energy Cost of
Breathing

9. At rest and with light exercise
 the energy cost of breathing is minimal
(4% of energy)

10. During intense exercise
 the energy use may
increase from 10-
20% of total energy
expenditure

11. In a person with respiratory disease
 the work of
breathing itself
during exercise
may be
exhausting

12. The Effects of Cigarette
Smoking
 Cigarette smoking has little long
term effect on athletes in the
initial years
 Cigarettes have an immediate
effect of airway resistance (as
much as 3 times) that lasts
about 35 minutes after only 15
puffs
 This could be significant in
vigorous exercise

13. Ventilation Adaptations
with Training

14. Minimal exercise
 ventilation during exercise improves with
training (due to increased alveolar
ventilation and increased tissue oxygen
uptake)

15. Sub-maximal exercise
The percentage of energy used in breathing is
reduced after training only 4 weeks
 Tidal volume increases
 Breathing frequency is reduced
 This results in increased amounts of
oxygen extracted from inspired air
Untrained expired air contains 18%
oxygen
Trained expired air contains 14-15%
oxygen

16. This is important
because
It reduces the fatiguing of the
ventilation musculature
The freed up oxygen (not used by
the respiratory muscles) can be
available for the exercising muscle

17. Specificity of Ventilation Response
 The improvements in the ventilation were
evident only when the athletes performed
the specific exercises that they were
trained in
 New exercises did not show any improved
ventilation
 Why?
It may be, the ventilation adjustments
were signaled by neural and chemical
changes in the trained muscles

18. What is Blood Doping?
 Blood doping is the practice of boosting
the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in
the bloodstream in order to enhance
athletic performance.
 Because RBC’s carry oxygen from the
lungs to the muscles, more RBC’s in the
blood can improve an athlete’s aerobic
capacity and endurance.

19. THANK YOU