Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, is a disorder of sight that results in partial and reversible vision loss in one or both eyes without any detectable organic eye disease. It develops during early childhood, between birth and age 6-7, due to abnormal visual input that interferes with the normal development of vision in the brain. Common causes of amblyopia include strabismus (misaligned eyes), high refractive errors like hyperopia and astigmatism, and visual deprivation from conditions that obscure vision in one eye. Treatment focuses on correcting refractive errors with glasses or contacts and strengthening the weaker eye through patching or eye drops. Surgery may be needed in some cases of strabismus.

1. AMBLYOPIA
BY SUJIT KUMAR
saraswati-eye-care.business.

2. INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
• AMBLYOPIA BY DEFINITION, REFER TO A PARTIAL
REVERSIBLE LOSS OF VISION IN ONE OR BOTH EYES,FOR
WHICH NO CAUSES CAN BE FOUND BY PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION OF EYE ex :- There is Absence of any Organic
Disease of Ocular Media,Retina and Visual Pathway
o PATHOGENESIS :- AMBLYOPIA IS PRODUCED BY
CERTAIN FACTORS OPERATING DURING THE CRITICAL
PERIOD OF VISUAL DEVELOPMENT (BIRTH TO 6-7 YEARS
OF AGE)DURING THIS PERIOD,THE VISUAL PATHWAY
CONTINUES TO DEVELOP AND BRAIN LEARNS TO
INTERPRET THE SIGNAL THAT COME FROM THE EYE.
• IF FOR ANY REASON,A YOUNG CHILD CANNOT USE OR
BOTH EYE NORMALLY THAN THE VISION IS NOT
DEVELOP COMPLETELY AND THE CONDITION IS CALLED
AMBLYOPIA THE MOST SENSITIVE PERIOD FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF AMBLYOPIA IS FIRST SIX MOUTH OF
LIFE AND IT USUALLY DOES NOT DEVELOP AFTER THE
AGE OF 6-7 YEARS
AMBLYOPIA : ( GREEK WORD
MEANS BLUNT EYE) ALSO CALLED
AS :- LAZY EYE IS A DISORDER OF
SIGHT

3. CAUSES OF AMBLYOPIA
1. STRABISMUS
• ESOTROPIA
• EXOTROPIA
• HYPERTROPIA (rare)
2. ANISOMETROPIA
• HYPEROPIA (farsightedness)
• ASTIGMATISM (rare)
• ANISEIKONIA (unequal retinal image ;
rare)
3. VISUAL DEPRIVATION
• UNILATERAL
• CATARACT (monocular)
• BLEPHAROPTOSIS (drooping upper eyelid)
• OPAQUE CORNEA
• HYPHEMA
• PROLONGED (unsupervised) patching
• PROLONGED USE OF ATROPINE DROPS
• BILATERAL
• CATARACT
• NYSTAGMUS

4. TREATMENT
• EYE PATCHING
• EYE DROPS
• GLASSES
• CONTACT LENS
• SURGERY