Altruism: Can animals be truly selfless?
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•898 views
The document discusses different examples of apparent altruism in animals and questions whether any animal behavior can truly be considered selfless. It presents cases such as vampire bats sharing blood meals, alarm calls that warn others of predators but also draw attention to the caller, and eusociality in bees. However, it notes that many such behaviors could be explained by kin selection or reciprocal altruism where the actor benefits indirectly, questioning whether the goal of survival is really to benefit the individual or their genes over their whole species. In the end, it concludes that determining what constitutes true selflessness may not have a straightforward answer.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Altruism in animals and classification : A view
This document discusses different types of altruism seen in animals, including intra-species altruism between members of the same species, inter-species altruism between different species, and reciprocal altruism where the receiver of benefits later returns the favor. Direct altruism mechanisms like feeding, protection, and guarding provide immediate benefits to receivers. Indirect mechanisms like alarming warn others of danger but attract predators, reducing the altruist's own chances of survival. Overall, altruism is rarely observed in nature but can evolve through mechanisms like kin selection and reciprocal altruism.
Altruism
This slide includes information about caring behavior of animals over other animals.It help to increase your knowledge about that how an animals sacrifice his or her need to protect and care other animals.This content also include eamples of Altruism in our daily life .
Altruism in animals and its type
This presentation is mainly about animal behavior topics, Altruism, Kin Selecetion, reciprocal altruism, and Hamilton's rule.
Inclusive Fitness Hamilton Rule
1) Hamilton's rule provides a framework for understanding when altruistic behaviors that help relatives will evolve. It states that a behavior will be favored when the benefit (B) times the coefficient of relatedness (r) is greater than the cost (C).
2) Relatedness (r) can be calculated based on the number of steps between two individuals - full siblings have r=0.5 while nieces/nephews have r=0.25.
3) Examples that fit Hamilton's rule include extreme altruism in insects like ants and bees where sisters share r=0.75, and naked mole rats where high inbreeding results in an average r=0.81.
Altruism and evolution
This document discusses different theories for how altruistic behavior evolved in animals despite natural selection favoring selfish behavior. It describes theories of group selection, kin selection, and reciprocal altruism. Group selection proposes that groups with more altruistic members are more likely to survive. Kin selection explains that animals help relatives to increase indirect fitness. Reciprocal altruism occurs when organisms help each other with the expectation of future help in return. The document analyzes these theories in terms of evolutionary biology to explain the prevalence of altruism in animal societies.
The evolution of kin selection
Kin selection theory explains the evolution of altruism. While altruism seems to go against individual survival and fitness, kin selection demonstrates that altruistic behavior can persist if the altruistic individual helps genetically similar relatives to survive and pass on shared genes. Key examples discussed are sterile worker ants helping their queen sister reproduce since they share three-quarters of their genes, and ground squirrels whose alarm calls risk individual safety but benefit genetically related neighbors. The theory was developed by W.D. Hamilton and others to explain how natural selection can favor altruism between kin.
Chap 5 Kin Selection Altruism
This document summarizes key concepts around the evolution of behavior through natural selection and genetic inheritance. It discusses how behaviors are co-adapted through evolution to maximize survival and reproduction. Behaviors can be culturally transmitted between individuals without genetic changes. Kin selection theory explains how behaviors that help reproduce relatives' genes can also be selected for, if the degree of relatedness and benefits are high enough. Examples of genetic studies of behaviors in insects and vertebrates are provided to show the interaction between genes, development and environment in determining behaviors.
Behavioral Ecology
Discuss about the behavior of organisms towards other organisms and the environment. Includes resource assessment, animal communication, foraging behavior and optimality in individuals, maintenance of sex ratio, and sexual selection.
Recommended
Altruism in animals and classification : A view
This document discusses different types of altruism seen in animals, including intra-species altruism between members of the same species, inter-species altruism between different species, and reciprocal altruism where the receiver of benefits later returns the favor. Direct altruism mechanisms like feeding, protection, and guarding provide immediate benefits to receivers. Indirect mechanisms like alarming warn others of danger but attract predators, reducing the altruist's own chances of survival. Overall, altruism is rarely observed in nature but can evolve through mechanisms like kin selection and reciprocal altruism.
Altruism
This slide includes information about caring behavior of animals over other animals.It help to increase your knowledge about that how an animals sacrifice his or her need to protect and care other animals.This content also include eamples of Altruism in our daily life .
Altruism in animals and its type
This presentation is mainly about animal behavior topics, Altruism, Kin Selecetion, reciprocal altruism, and Hamilton's rule.
Inclusive Fitness Hamilton Rule
1) Hamilton's rule provides a framework for understanding when altruistic behaviors that help relatives will evolve. It states that a behavior will be favored when the benefit (B) times the coefficient of relatedness (r) is greater than the cost (C).
2) Relatedness (r) can be calculated based on the number of steps between two individuals - full siblings have r=0.5 while nieces/nephews have r=0.25.
3) Examples that fit Hamilton's rule include extreme altruism in insects like ants and bees where sisters share r=0.75, and naked mole rats where high inbreeding results in an average r=0.81.
Altruism and evolution
This document discusses different theories for how altruistic behavior evolved in animals despite natural selection favoring selfish behavior. It describes theories of group selection, kin selection, and reciprocal altruism. Group selection proposes that groups with more altruistic members are more likely to survive. Kin selection explains that animals help relatives to increase indirect fitness. Reciprocal altruism occurs when organisms help each other with the expectation of future help in return. The document analyzes these theories in terms of evolutionary biology to explain the prevalence of altruism in animal societies.
The evolution of kin selection
Kin selection theory explains the evolution of altruism. While altruism seems to go against individual survival and fitness, kin selection demonstrates that altruistic behavior can persist if the altruistic individual helps genetically similar relatives to survive and pass on shared genes. Key examples discussed are sterile worker ants helping their queen sister reproduce since they share three-quarters of their genes, and ground squirrels whose alarm calls risk individual safety but benefit genetically related neighbors. The theory was developed by W.D. Hamilton and others to explain how natural selection can favor altruism between kin.
Chap 5 Kin Selection Altruism
This document summarizes key concepts around the evolution of behavior through natural selection and genetic inheritance. It discusses how behaviors are co-adapted through evolution to maximize survival and reproduction. Behaviors can be culturally transmitted between individuals without genetic changes. Kin selection theory explains how behaviors that help reproduce relatives' genes can also be selected for, if the degree of relatedness and benefits are high enough. Examples of genetic studies of behaviors in insects and vertebrates are provided to show the interaction between genes, development and environment in determining behaviors.
Behavioral Ecology
Discuss about the behavior of organisms towards other organisms and the environment. Includes resource assessment, animal communication, foraging behavior and optimality in individuals, maintenance of sex ratio, and sexual selection.
Annand Edited Thesis
The document describes a study aiming to construct a pedigree of California ground squirrels to analyze how kinship influences cooperative behaviors. The researcher optimized PCR primers for 11 microsatellite loci to assign parentage and generate genetic data to build the pedigree. Optimized primers from this study will allow future analysis of DNA fragments to determine relatedness between squirrels and elucidate how social behaviors are structured within colonies.
ALTRUISM
Altruism refers to helping behavior where an individual acts to benefit another at a cost to itself. There are two main theories for the evolution of altruism: kin selection and reciprocal altruism. Kin selection proposes that altruism evolves because individuals help relatives who share their genes, increasing their inclusive fitness. Reciprocal altruism suggests altruism can evolve in non-relatives if helping is reciprocated to provide future benefits. Examples of altruism in animals include vampire bats sharing blood and ground squirrels warning of predators.
Animal Rights Reader
This collection of articles has been compiled by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. (ARA) to provide an accessible introduction to the philosophy of abolitionist animal rights for activists.
Animal Rights
The document discusses animal rights and the mistreatment of animals. It begins by defining animal rights as the principle that animals deserve to live freely without harm or exploitation. It then provides examples of how animals are abused, including being stabbed, suffering from malnutrition, and enduring testing of chemicals. The document advocates for the humane treatment of animals and outlines the history and goals of the animal rights movement, including opposing animal testing and promoting adoption.
Animal Rights
(Deutsche Version: http://www.slideshare.net/vegansaboteur/tierrechte)
Animal Rights and Antispeciesism - An overview.
Spc2023 animal rights informative speech presentation
This document discusses animal rights and provides context on its history and philosophical underpinnings. It defines animal rights as the rights of animals to live free from human exploitation and abuse. The document traces the history of animal rights back through pre-history but notes it did not become a major social issue until the 1970s. It explores philosophical arguments around utilitarianism and rights views. The document also notes common myths and misconceptions around laws regarding animal welfare, endangered species protections, and humane slaughter practices.
Cruelty to animals
The document discusses various forms of cruelty against animals, including their killing for food and entertainment purposes. It notes that over 10 billion animals are slaughtered each year for human consumption, often in inhumane conditions, and that animals continue to be used in cruel entertainment like bullfighting and circuses. The document also addresses the use of animals for clothing, experimentation, and other issues. It provides suggestions for how people can help, such as donating to organizations like PETA that work against animal cruelty.
11 Facts About Animal Cruelty 4 English
Animal cruelty takes many forms according to the document. Circus animals are often abused through physical means like beating and burning to force them to perform. Elephants may be kept chained for up to 23 hours per day from a young age. Over 15 million animals are used in scientific research each year. Dog fighting, cock fighting, and neglect are illegal forms of animal abuse in the United States. Fur clothing involves killing many animals like 18 foxes for one coat or 55 minks for a mink coat.
Rethinking revolution animal liberation
This document summarizes an essay by Steven Best that argues for greater cooperation between the animal liberation movement and the political left. It provides background on the animal advocacy movement, including its origins in animal welfare and the emergence of animal rights and liberation philosophies. Best asserts that human and animal liberation are interrelated and the left could benefit from engaging with animal rights perspectives in working to end all forms of hierarchy, domination, and environmental destruction.
Animal cruelty presentation for officers
Presented in 2007, when I was an assistant prosecutor at the Tohono O'odham Nation, an American Indian tribe straddling the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona.
SGP Final
Animal abuse is linked to other forms of violence and often begins with cruelty to animals. Research shows many abusers were also abused as children. Animal shelters see abuse cases and work to prevent further abuse by adopting out animals and educating the public. Pennsylvania passed a law in 2008 to improve conditions at puppy mills after campaigns by animal welfare groups like the SPCA.
Coalition Reader
This collection of articles has been compiled by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. (ARA) to provide a guide for activists interested in the links between animal rights and other social justice movements and challenging their own oppressive behaviour.
Animal rights critical thinking
This document discusses arguments for and against animal rights. It notes that a debate forum questioned whether animals should have rights. The main arguments were that humans are animals so they should have rights, but others counter that animals do not contribute to society. The document also discusses types of animal cruelty like dog fighting and cock fighting and how cruelty affects animal rights. It provides definitions for ethical farms and differences between forms of animal cruelty. Overall it presents both sides of the debate around animal rights and welfare.
Animal Rights vs Welfare Reforms Reader
This collection of articles has been compiled by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. (ARA) to provide an abolitionist critique of animal welfare approaches in animal advocacy.
Altruism theories
The document summarizes two theories that explain altruism: kin selection theory and empathy-altruism theory. Kin selection theory proposes that altruism evolved through kin-directed behavior that benefits genetic relatives, increasing their chances of survival. Empathy-altruism theory suggests altruism stems from empathy, the ability to understand another's perspective and experience, which leads to helping behaviors intended to benefit others rather than oneself. Both theories have strengths in explaining certain aspects of altruism but also limitations, such as kin selection not accounting for helping non-relatives and empathy not always predicting altruistic actions.
Animal Cruelty
Animal cruelty is a widespread problem in Crawford County, where abandoned pets often die or cause issues. Starting a local animal shelter could help address this by housing abandoned animals, facilitating adoptions, and educating the public. Volunteers and a private organization could potentially operate a shelter with limited funding through donations, grants, and community support. This would improve animal welfare and public safety compared to the current situation where pets are often neglected or dumped.
Environment and Animal Rights Presentation
A presentation from a forum organised by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. on the intersections of environmentalism and animal rights - where they converge and where they conflict and how we can move both forward ethically and responsibly.
Animal abuse
Millions of animals are used in research and farming each year in the US. While some major companies have committed to more humane treatment of animals like cage-free eggs, the animal welfare movement still advocates to limit cruel treatment and prevent unnecessary animal suffering. Recognizing and reporting signs of animal abuse and neglect can help prevent further harm.
Euthanasia, the only option
A heroine dog was euthanized after saving soldiers from a suicide bomber because a shelter employee did not follow proper procedure. An estimated 5-17 million animals are euthanized annually in shelters at a cost of $500 million. Some efforts are underway to reduce euthanasia rates through increasing adoptions and standards at shelters.
Animal Rights
This document discusses arguments for and against animal rights. It provides statistics that over 50 billion land animals are killed annually for food production. Arguments for animal rights include that animals can feel pain and have basic cognitive abilities, while arguments against include that animals were created to serve human needs and cannot behave morally. The document also outlines different religious views on animals and some solutions that have been proposed to address animal welfare like laws and international agreements.
Animal Essay
Animal Cruelty Essay examples
Animal Communication Essay example
Is It An Animal? Essay
Animal Emotions Essay
What Are The Arguments Against Animal Testing
Essay about Animals Must Be Protected
The Evolution of Animals Essay
Homeless Animals Essay
The Spirit Of Spirit Animal
Animal Experiments Essay
Animal Conservation Essay
Owning a Pet Essay
Types of Animals on Earth Essay
Essay On Animals
Animal Communication Essay example
Essay on Animals Have Rights Too
Animal Experiments Essay
Adoption of Animals Essay
More Related Content
What's hot
Annand Edited Thesis
The document describes a study aiming to construct a pedigree of California ground squirrels to analyze how kinship influences cooperative behaviors. The researcher optimized PCR primers for 11 microsatellite loci to assign parentage and generate genetic data to build the pedigree. Optimized primers from this study will allow future analysis of DNA fragments to determine relatedness between squirrels and elucidate how social behaviors are structured within colonies.
ALTRUISM
Altruism refers to helping behavior where an individual acts to benefit another at a cost to itself. There are two main theories for the evolution of altruism: kin selection and reciprocal altruism. Kin selection proposes that altruism evolves because individuals help relatives who share their genes, increasing their inclusive fitness. Reciprocal altruism suggests altruism can evolve in non-relatives if helping is reciprocated to provide future benefits. Examples of altruism in animals include vampire bats sharing blood and ground squirrels warning of predators.
Animal Rights Reader
This collection of articles has been compiled by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. (ARA) to provide an accessible introduction to the philosophy of abolitionist animal rights for activists.
Animal Rights
The document discusses animal rights and the mistreatment of animals. It begins by defining animal rights as the principle that animals deserve to live freely without harm or exploitation. It then provides examples of how animals are abused, including being stabbed, suffering from malnutrition, and enduring testing of chemicals. The document advocates for the humane treatment of animals and outlines the history and goals of the animal rights movement, including opposing animal testing and promoting adoption.
Animal Rights
(Deutsche Version: http://www.slideshare.net/vegansaboteur/tierrechte)
Animal Rights and Antispeciesism - An overview.
Spc2023 animal rights informative speech presentation
This document discusses animal rights and provides context on its history and philosophical underpinnings. It defines animal rights as the rights of animals to live free from human exploitation and abuse. The document traces the history of animal rights back through pre-history but notes it did not become a major social issue until the 1970s. It explores philosophical arguments around utilitarianism and rights views. The document also notes common myths and misconceptions around laws regarding animal welfare, endangered species protections, and humane slaughter practices.
Cruelty to animals
The document discusses various forms of cruelty against animals, including their killing for food and entertainment purposes. It notes that over 10 billion animals are slaughtered each year for human consumption, often in inhumane conditions, and that animals continue to be used in cruel entertainment like bullfighting and circuses. The document also addresses the use of animals for clothing, experimentation, and other issues. It provides suggestions for how people can help, such as donating to organizations like PETA that work against animal cruelty.
11 Facts About Animal Cruelty 4 English
Animal cruelty takes many forms according to the document. Circus animals are often abused through physical means like beating and burning to force them to perform. Elephants may be kept chained for up to 23 hours per day from a young age. Over 15 million animals are used in scientific research each year. Dog fighting, cock fighting, and neglect are illegal forms of animal abuse in the United States. Fur clothing involves killing many animals like 18 foxes for one coat or 55 minks for a mink coat.
Rethinking revolution animal liberation
This document summarizes an essay by Steven Best that argues for greater cooperation between the animal liberation movement and the political left. It provides background on the animal advocacy movement, including its origins in animal welfare and the emergence of animal rights and liberation philosophies. Best asserts that human and animal liberation are interrelated and the left could benefit from engaging with animal rights perspectives in working to end all forms of hierarchy, domination, and environmental destruction.
Animal cruelty presentation for officers
Presented in 2007, when I was an assistant prosecutor at the Tohono O'odham Nation, an American Indian tribe straddling the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona.
SGP Final
Animal abuse is linked to other forms of violence and often begins with cruelty to animals. Research shows many abusers were also abused as children. Animal shelters see abuse cases and work to prevent further abuse by adopting out animals and educating the public. Pennsylvania passed a law in 2008 to improve conditions at puppy mills after campaigns by animal welfare groups like the SPCA.
Coalition Reader
This collection of articles has been compiled by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. (ARA) to provide a guide for activists interested in the links between animal rights and other social justice movements and challenging their own oppressive behaviour.
Animal rights critical thinking
This document discusses arguments for and against animal rights. It notes that a debate forum questioned whether animals should have rights. The main arguments were that humans are animals so they should have rights, but others counter that animals do not contribute to society. The document also discusses types of animal cruelty like dog fighting and cock fighting and how cruelty affects animal rights. It provides definitions for ethical farms and differences between forms of animal cruelty. Overall it presents both sides of the debate around animal rights and welfare.
Animal Rights vs Welfare Reforms Reader
This collection of articles has been compiled by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. (ARA) to provide an abolitionist critique of animal welfare approaches in animal advocacy.
Altruism theories
The document summarizes two theories that explain altruism: kin selection theory and empathy-altruism theory. Kin selection theory proposes that altruism evolved through kin-directed behavior that benefits genetic relatives, increasing their chances of survival. Empathy-altruism theory suggests altruism stems from empathy, the ability to understand another's perspective and experience, which leads to helping behaviors intended to benefit others rather than oneself. Both theories have strengths in explaining certain aspects of altruism but also limitations, such as kin selection not accounting for helping non-relatives and empathy not always predicting altruistic actions.
Animal Cruelty
Animal cruelty is a widespread problem in Crawford County, where abandoned pets often die or cause issues. Starting a local animal shelter could help address this by housing abandoned animals, facilitating adoptions, and educating the public. Volunteers and a private organization could potentially operate a shelter with limited funding through donations, grants, and community support. This would improve animal welfare and public safety compared to the current situation where pets are often neglected or dumped.
Environment and Animal Rights Presentation
A presentation from a forum organised by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. on the intersections of environmentalism and animal rights - where they converge and where they conflict and how we can move both forward ethically and responsibly.
Animal abuse
Millions of animals are used in research and farming each year in the US. While some major companies have committed to more humane treatment of animals like cage-free eggs, the animal welfare movement still advocates to limit cruel treatment and prevent unnecessary animal suffering. Recognizing and reporting signs of animal abuse and neglect can help prevent further harm.
Euthanasia, the only option
A heroine dog was euthanized after saving soldiers from a suicide bomber because a shelter employee did not follow proper procedure. An estimated 5-17 million animals are euthanized annually in shelters at a cost of $500 million. Some efforts are underway to reduce euthanasia rates through increasing adoptions and standards at shelters.
Animal Rights
This document discusses arguments for and against animal rights. It provides statistics that over 50 billion land animals are killed annually for food production. Arguments for animal rights include that animals can feel pain and have basic cognitive abilities, while arguments against include that animals were created to serve human needs and cannot behave morally. The document also outlines different religious views on animals and some solutions that have been proposed to address animal welfare like laws and international agreements.
What's hot (20)
Spc2023 animal rights informative speech presentation
Spc2023 animal rights informative speech presentation
Similar to Altruism: Can animals be truly selfless?
Animal Essay
Animal Cruelty Essay examples
Animal Communication Essay example
Is It An Animal? Essay
Animal Emotions Essay
What Are The Arguments Against Animal Testing
Essay about Animals Must Be Protected
The Evolution of Animals Essay
Homeless Animals Essay
The Spirit Of Spirit Animal
Animal Experiments Essay
Animal Conservation Essay
Owning a Pet Essay
Types of Animals on Earth Essay
Essay On Animals
Animal Communication Essay example
Essay on Animals Have Rights Too
Animal Experiments Essay
Adoption of Animals Essay
A lesson on Animal rights
This document discusses animal cruelty and defines it as mistreatment that causes animals to suffer unnecessarily. It provides examples of mistreatment like scientific experimentation where animals undergo cruel testing, bullfighting where animals are tortured and killed for entertainment, keeping animals in zoos and circuses where they are caged for life, making fur coats that require killing hundreds of millions of animals, and industrial farming where billions of animals are slaughtered inhumanely for food. The document asks questions about human superiority over animals and whether animals deserve rights. It suggests discussing solutions to prevent cruelty and protect animal rights, and assigns homework researching cruelty-free products.
Speciation presentation in systemetic
This document discusses what constitutes a species and how new species arise through evolution. It notes that determining what is and isn't a distinct species can have economic consequences. A species is typically defined as a group that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, though this definition has limitations. New species arise through both geographic isolation, which leads to allopatric speciation, and reproductive barriers without geographic isolation, known as sympatric speciation. Intrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms like differences in courtship behaviors or hybrid infertility play a key role in driving the formation of new species over time.
Essays On Animal Cruelty
Animal Cruelty
Animal Cruelty
Essay On Animal Cruelty
Animal Cruelty Essay examples
Essay about Animal Cruelty on Farms
Animal Cruelty
Animal Cruelty Essay
Animal Cruelty Essay
HansenK_PrimaLinguaProject
The document provides a detailed field guide entry on the Western honey bee (Apis Mellifera). It describes the bee's physical appearance and anatomy, habitats, behaviors, role in pollination, and importance to ecosystems. It also discusses common misconceptions about honey bees and references literature that reflect on the simplicity and importance of the honey bee's lifestyle.
Running Head ANIMAL RIGHTS ANIMAL RIGHTS 6ANIMA.docx
Running Head: ANIMAL RIGHTS
ANIMAL RIGHTS 6
ANIMALS DO HAVE RIGHT
Every living thing has its own value and serves several functions in our planet. It is
amazing that in this time and era, the society is still not sensitized by animals and may perhaps be a cultural or economic issue. Killing and abuse of animals for different purposes is an evil that has invaded our world quickly, as we can see dirty, hungry and homeless animals everywhere. Animals are killed daily without compassion in farms, used for experiments in scientific research labs and other place. These animals are treated with cruelty before their death. While some claim that animals do not have rights, we need to treat them with love because they deserve our respect, they can go extinct without our help, they can’t speak up for themselves, and we have to respect the ecosystem. There exists much disagreement as to whether non-human animals deserve any forms of rights and what such rights entail. There is however much less disagreement in regards to the consequential effect of accepting animal rights. Animal rights seek to enlighten man on the cruelty of certain acts a matter of principle, and that there are some acts that are simply morally wrong when done to animals. This therefore means that there are some things that humans being should not do to animals at whatever cost and in whatever way. For example, if a particular animal should not be bred and later killed for food, such animals should not be subjected to such treatment. Such principality in this sense that animals should not be killed and that ought to be taken as final. No manner of humane and lavish treatment will be able to justify the end result of the animals being killed. The core basis of these animals rights is therefore that animals should be given an equal opportunity to lead their lives without man’s intrusion and slaughtering of them (Regan, 1987).
One of the worst things I personally consider cruel, is the slaughter of animals and the use of their skin to make fancy clothes. It is through cruelty that these animals are killed, where they are drugged and their skin taken off them while still alive. Such horrific acts must be stopped. According to PETA-an organization that supports animals rights, millions of animals are killed annually for use in the clothing industry; all this being done because of fashion. It is regardless whether these clothes originate from Australia, Chinese fur farms or Indian slaughter house because the amount of suffering that goes into each fur-trimmed jacket, leather belt of wool sweater is immeasurable. As we can see, animals are being killed every year just because there are people who considered fashion to be wearing of jackets or clothes made of animal skins. Such people should think and consider the pain and suffering they cause the animals every time they buy these clothes. I personally don’t buy these things because in my point of view, we don’t have th ...
1Animal rights 7Guadalupe GarciaProfessor AltmanEngl.docx
1
Animal rights 7
Guadalupe Garcia
Professor Altman
English 113 B
23RD November 2014.
Animals do have rights
Every living thing has its own value and serves several functions in our planet. It is
amazing that in this time and era, society is still not sensitized by animals and may perhaps be a cultural or economic issue. Killing and abuse animals for different purposes is a terrible thing made by human been, that has invaded our world quickly. As we can see dirty, hungry and homeless animals everywhere are killed daily without compassion, mostly in farms. They are again used for experiments in scientific research labs for the only fact to please carless people. These animals are treated with cruelty before their death. While some claim that animals do not have rights, we need to treat them with love because they deserve our respect, they can go extinct without our help, they can’t speak up for themselves, and we have to respect the ecosystem. There exists much disagreement as to whether non-human animals deserve any forms of rights and what such rights entail. There is however much less disagreement in regards to the consequential effect of accepting animal rights. Animal rights seek to enlighten man on the cruelty of certain acts a matter of principle, and there are some acts that are simply morally wrong when done to animals. This therefore it means that there are some things that human beings should not do to animals at whatever cost and in whatever way. For example in the Journal “The Case For Animals” Rightsit is stated, “no animal should be bred and later killed for food; animals should not be subjected to such treatment. Such principality in this sense that animals should not be killed and that ought to be taken as final. No manner of humane and lavish treatment will be able to justify the killing of animals being. The core basis of these animal rights is therefore that animals should be given an equal opportunity to lead their lives without man’s intrusion of slaughtering them” (Regan 3). As we can see, no one has the right to kill an animal nor is to slaughter them just for the simple fact to satisfy human needs.However, There are a lot of alternatives for people who enjoy eating meat. According to Soyfoods Association of North America” states, “Health-wise meat lovers choose soyfoods because a vide variety of soy-based alternatives look, smell, and taste just like meat, chicken, and fish. Soyfoods have many nutritional benefits and can contribute to a heart healthy diet. At the very least, soyfoods can replace less healthy foods that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol and contribute to a heart healthy diet.”(Smith 3). As we can see this is a better
animals deserve to live free without the fear to be killed or slaughtered by humans who do not have conscious about animal rights.
One of the worst things I consider cruel, is the slaughter of animals and the use of their skin to make fancy clothes. It is through .
Types Of Animals On Earth Essay
This document discusses types of animals on Earth and classifies them into three major categories: mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Mammals are further divided into two subgroups: Prototheria and Theria. Prototheria lay eggs like non-mammalian vertebrates but feed their newborns with milk secretions. Theria give live birth to young. Reptiles are also discussed, noting there were more reptile orders in ancient times but now there are only four living representatives across three subclasses. The document provides background on classifying and describing different types of animals.
The Emotional Lives of Animals – Adrenalin Junkie Orangutans and Individualis...
You can listen to the audio for this talk here: https://soundcloud.com/animal-rights-advocates/animals
Full talk with Q and A after here: https://archive.org/details/EmotionalAnimals
This talk was recorded at the Glyd-In Community Centre: http://www.glydein.org.au/
Zahavi handicapp theory
The handicap principle proposes that females prefer males with handicaps (mating characters that reduce survival chances) because handicaps are indicators of heritable viability. According to the principle, honest signals of quality must be costly to produce so that low-quality individuals cannot fake them. Examples of honest signals include a peacock's tail, which is eye-catching but heavy, and a gazelle's stotting behavior before fleeing from predators, which requires energy but signals the gazelle's strength. The principle suggests signals of quality effectively lower an individual's fitness but are affordable only by those of high biological fitness.
Similar to Altruism: Can animals be truly selfless? (11)
Running Head ANIMAL RIGHTS ANIMAL RIGHTS 6ANIMA.docx
Running Head ANIMAL RIGHTS ANIMAL RIGHTS 6ANIMA.docx
1Animal rights 7Guadalupe GarciaProfessor AltmanEngl.docx
1Animal rights 7Guadalupe GarciaProfessor AltmanEngl.docx
The Emotional Lives of Animals – Adrenalin Junkie Orangutans and Individualis...
The Emotional Lives of Animals – Adrenalin Junkie Orangutans and Individualis...
More from Dillon Jones
Herpetology Survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary. Research by Dillon Jones
This document summarizes Dillon Jones' urban herpetology research at the Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary (ELM). It describes Dillon's ongoing visual encounter surveys and minnow trapping at ELM to document present reptile and amphibian species. So far, Dillon has recorded 18 species via survey data and additional species via iNaturalist data. The document outlines Dillon's next steps of continuing surveys, further analyzing data, and preparing recommendations for ELM on conservation of local herpetofauna.
Animal behavior in captivity
This document discusses animal behavior in captivity and ways to address abnormal behaviors that often develop. It notes that captive environments are static with regimented care and little interaction, unlike natural environments. As a result, many animals display stereotypic or abnormal repetitive behaviors like pacing and feather plucking. While drugs are commonly used in zoos to treat these behaviors, enrichment is a better approach to improving psychological health by making environments more stimulating. The document promotes an upcoming talk on creating enrichment devices from recycled materials to enhance captive animal welfare.
How Does Climate Change Affect Animal Behavior
Climate change has more effects than just habitat destruction, and smog levels. Minor changes in temperature create large scale effects in the timing of animals basic biology.
Animal Enrichment- What it is, what it does, and how you can do it too!
Presentation made for Texas A&M University Aggie Behavior Network Organization. Learn what animal enrichment is, how to make enrichment, and what benefits does it bring to animal welfare.
Anthropomorphizing: Seeing the World Through Human Tinted Glasses
This presentation for Aggie Behavior Network, a Texas A&M University Organization, was created to teach students about Anthropomorphism from an animal behavior centered view. The power point contained an activity at the end to illustrate critical vs classical Anthropomorphism.
Ethology: How, Why, and What Animal Behavior is
This presentation was used to introduce Ethology as a research field to our members. The last half of the presentation used an activity to critically evaluate our members reasoning skills.
Aggie behavior network
The Aggie Behavior Network meeting on October 6th discussed several volunteer opportunities, including manning an educational booth on predator-prey relations near Waco on November 1st, 16th, and 29th. They also need volunteers and ideas for an AGLS tailgate event on October 29th. The semester trip will involve a 2.5 hour trip to see ringtail lemurs and build enrichment devices, and dues need to be paid, while the semester mini-trip focuses on building enrichment devices for raptors in an urban setting.
Harambe
Created to discuss the Harambe incident. We used this to critically evaluate the situation in an open forum.
More from Dillon Jones (8)
Herpetology Survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary. Research by Dillon Jones
Herpetology Survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary. Research by Dillon Jones
Animal Enrichment- What it is, what it does, and how you can do it too!
Animal Enrichment- What it is, what it does, and how you can do it too!
Anthropomorphizing: Seeing the World Through Human Tinted Glasses
Anthropomorphizing: Seeing the World Through Human Tinted Glasses
Recently uploaded
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Presented by Alexandra Barthelmes at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionKinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
◆◆◆◆◆ — — — — — — — — 【留学教育】留学归国服务中心 — — — — — -◆◆◆◆◆
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：6496090
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyOptimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyRecently uploaded (20)
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Altruism: Can animals be truly selfless?
- 1. Can animals be truly selfless? Altruism
- 2. What is altruism? “altruism refers to behaviour by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the actor.”
- 3. Vampire Bats Females share blood with one another
- 4. Warning Calls Alerts others to predators but also to themselves
- 6. Why is being selfless weird?
- 7. What is the goal of survival? To pass on your genes? Or to continue your species?
- 10. Kin Selection Protects those that are related to you
- 11. Great tits Fake calls to scare larger birds from the food
- 13. White Tail Deer
- 14. Nope! It tells the predator that it’s been spotted
- 15. Eusociality has to be altruistic!
- 16. Not Necessarily…
- 17. It might be forced equality
- 18. Where rebellers or selfish bees are punished/killed
- 19. So… What does it mean to be selfless?
- 20. END https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/altruism- biological/ Bell, Graham (2008). Selection: The Mechanism of Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 367–368. ISBN 0-19-856972-6. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/15111 7-vampire-bats-blood-food-science-animals/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0 003347208003400 http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1 533/3169#sec-8
Editor's Notes
- https://nargiskalani.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/valentines-charity.jpg
- http://www.koryoswrites.com/tag/selfish-herd-theory/