The document discusses motor starting and braking. It explains that starting current can be very high, up to 6-8 times full load current, due to low back EMF when the motor first starts turning. It then lists different methods that are used to reduce starting current, such as direct on line starting, star-delta starting, auto-transformer starting, and primary and secondary resistance starting. The document also discusses different types of braking methods including mechanical, eddy current, dynamic, plug, and regenerative braking.

1. Learning outcome 3 Motor starting.

2. Until the motor gets up to speed, there is insufficient back EMF being generated to limit the current to its normal FLC. In the locked rotor condition, at the initial point where it starts to turn, the only limiting factor to current draw is the motors impedance (Z). This starting current can be very high, 6 – 8 times FLC.

3. These are for 1 Ø.

4. These are 3 Ø.

5. Most starters reduce the starting current by limiting the voltage. D.O.L. Star/delta Auto-transformer Primary resistance Secondary resistance. (WRMs) Jenneson p 304 L/O 3.1, 3.2 & 3.3

6. P 298 & P 305 Follow this circuit in your text book and identify the stop & start buttons.

7. Auto start star/delta starter. Star contactor Line contactor Run contactor Timer Starting timer TOL NHP starter

8. Liquid resistance starters and primary resistance starters. P 299 These can be used on star or delta connected motors. L/O 3.1 3.2 & 3.3

9. Primary Resistance Starting Starting resistances Star connected motor Lift motor

10. Do not get eye strain with this. Circuit diagramme of primary resistance starting for lift motor. Resistors with parallel contacts Motor windings Emerald TAFE campus lift.

11. Variable speed drives.

12. Secondary resistance starting. On large machines this is often used with transformer starting. P 303

13. Motor Braking Mechanical Eddy-current Dynamic - (Regenerative) - (injection) Plug braking P 308

14. Mechanical brake for parking. Electric methods will not HOLD the motor and load still. Some form of mechanical brake is needed.

15. www.railway-technology Examples of eddy-current braking www.fitnessscape

16. www.-ph.postech.ac This principle is commonly used with lifts and hoists to regulate the rate of decent. Induction disc. Aluminium or stainless steel. Electro magnetics The retarding force is altered by the supply current. Eddy-current braking

17. www.nesea.,org www.uptenergy http//aevcenter www.forkliftsireland Uses for regenerative braking.

18. For a motor to accelerate a load from standstill the motor must be able to overcome the inertia, load resistance and losses within the system. Student exercise.. Make a list of ALL the losses in a system. A motor in a crane raises a load from the ground to the back of a truck. What energy is used and where is it used. L/O 3.4

19. Applied voltage as reference No load current The no-load current is the magnetising current and the current to overcome the no-load losses. In simple terms this current remains constant. The load current from the supply required to accommodate the load. This current is almost in phase with the applied voltage. Total load current. Phasor sum of no-load and on-load currents at the running pf.

20. When a load is placed on a motor eg; a conveyor is loaded, the motor slows, less back EMF is produced which allows more supply current to flow. BUT this is only a small part of the story. What happens in the magnetic circuits?