Patients with AD showed high incidence of duodenitis and cervical spine as a disorder other than skin. We experienced many cases where treatment resulted in improvement of eruptions of AD and other disorders other than skin were alleviated. We also experienced patients with AD with duodenitis normalized by repeated testing. In the same case of AD, many disorders of the organs of the duodenum and the cervical spine were observed. The toxin produced by S. aureus detected from the skin of patients with AD was high rate.
Watch the video of the presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRegqg5yvRs
El Dr Welte té nombroses publicacions en àrees diverses relacionades amb el malalt crític. Particularment interessants són els seus estudis en relació al trasplantament pulmonar, així com els seus estudis sobre pneumònia i sèpsia. Així mateix, participa activament en la xarxa alemanya Capnetz, emprada per a l'elaboració d'estudis multicèntrics relacionats amb la pneumònia adquirida a la comunitat.
Sodium Oxodihydroacridinylacetate for effective vitiligo treatment. May 24, 2013VR Foundation
Researchers Stop Vitiligo Progression! New hope for millions worldwide.
Dr. Igor Korobko, Chief Scientific Director of the non-profit Vitiligo Research Foundation (http://www.vrfoundation.org/), has reported a major breakthrough in vitiligo therapy development at the 10th EADV Spring Symposium in Krakow, Poland. Data released on May 24, 2013 from VRF's preclinical study of a Pharmsyntez drug, sold under the trademark Neovir, has shown positive results in arresting vitiligo lesion progression in 73.3 percent of patients with an active form of vitiligo. In four of the 60 patients taking part in the study, vitiligo lesions re-pigmented significantly.
Sodium oxodihydroacridinylacetate (ODHAA) is the active ingredient in Neovir, with an immunomodulatory capacity that is currently being used to normalize impaired immune system functions for various conditions. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were used as predictive and end-point markers during the trials. The treatment was well tolerated by patients, and no side effects were observed.
Researchers from the VR Foundation study did not compare the drug with a control placebo or other treatment modality, and it is, as yet, unclear how long the effects will last, though there are signs that for many patients, it could be up to a year or more. It may also be used to prevent vitiligo relapse after stopping its progression with an annual administration of the drug.
It is also not clear yet whether the drug will work for segmental vitiligo, which is often seen as a distinctly different form of the disease.
This study, and others on immune system drugs, will perhaps be the most closely watched items in the Vitiligo Research Foundation’s drug re-purposing research activities.
The Foundation’s CEO, Yan Valle, noted that today scientists know the molecular cause of 4,000 diseases, but treatments are available for only 250 of them. Systematic drug development is lagging behind for many rare and complex diseases. Drug re-purposing offers some effective and cost-efficient solutions.
Mr. Valle went on to add, “We are focused on off-label testing of approved drugs that are already on the market, and thus are already available to patients immediately. Neovir is cheaply available without prescription across the former Soviet Union, it is very affordable and has an excellent long-standing safety profile,”.
At the moment it is still unclear when this drug will be available in the United States or European Union.
Coming a month before World Vitiligo Day (http://25june.org/) on June 25, it is another positive sign that there is hope on the horizon for vitiligo sufferers.
A 10 year old boy presented with fever, local swelling around the ankle with tenderness and antalgic gait, without any antecedent trauma or discharging sinus. He had no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Laboratory tests revealed signs of inflammation with normal Mantoux test and chest X-ray. An irregular lytic lesion of the talus was seen on the x-ray of the affected part. Ziehl Nelson staining of the aspirated fluid revealed acid-fast bacilli. Material obtained after curettage and bone grafting confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis. He was treated conservatively with splintage and 4 drug anti-tubercular chemotherapy for 18 months, without any residual tenderness or foot deformity at the final follow-up. This case has been reported because of its rarity and atypical clinical presentation.
Vitiligo in association with Erythema dyschromicum perstansVR Foundation
Twenty seven years old female patient two years ago after delivery has noticed appearance of irregular hypo- and achromic macules on her trunk, extremities and face. Two months ago she has seen on her trunk and extremities oval gray-blue hyperpigmented macules which are accompanied from a slight pruritus.
She has common complains of weight reduction of 5-6 kg, palpitation, sleep disturbance, fatigue and some joint pain.
Clinically our patient is IV phototype. She has two different type of exanthema. First type - vitiligo is presented from symmetrical distributed over the trunk, extremities and face hypopigmented and achromic macules from 0,5 cm to 20 cm in diameter. The second type exanthema has symmetrical distribution and involves abdomen, back and proximal part of extremities. The lesions are gray-blue macules with oval shape and size from 0,5 cm to 2 cm in diameter. There is no change in mucous membrane.
Deviations of the investigations include slight elevated ECR, reduced HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, monocytosis, reticulocytosis, low serum Fe, increase TIBC, decrease LDH, positive serological test for H. pylori, increased Tg-Ab and TSH-RAb, very low TSH, elevated FT4, nasal smear – S. aureus, vaginal smear – S. agalactiae. Ultrasound of thyroid gland shows normal topic, size, structure and enhanced blood flow.
Conducted by the clinical laboratory research fund and consultative examinations are specified comorbidities Grave’s disease, iron deficiency anemia, bacterial colpitis, and chronic gastritis.
Histopathological examination of the edge or the hyperchrome lesion show minor hydropic degeneration of basal layer, sparce, superficial, perivascular lymphocyte infiltrat, and macrophages containing melanin (incontinentia pigmenti).
Differentially were discussed lichen planus, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, contact dermatitis, fixed drug reaction.
Based on the anamnesis, clinical picture, laboratory results and conducted histological examination answer the question what is this second type exanthema is Erythema dyschromicum perstans.
Conducted treatment for accompanying diseases is with Ciprofloxacin, Ferrous sulfate, Vitamins, Thiamazol, eradication therapy for H. pylori and local application of Mupirocin nasal ointment. We have made 7 procedures UVB 311 nm narrow band with slight improvement.
There are only few previously described cases of Erythema dyschromicum perstans & vitiligo in the same patient. These cases include patients with darker skin. In both diseases there is HLA-DR4 association in the pathogenesis. There are some common features between two diseases which include predominance of cytotoxic T-cell and almost the same ratio of CD4/CD8, Ia antigen positivity in the dendritic cells in epidermis and dermis and increased number of epidermal Langerhans cells.
- Disclaimer- This PPT is loaded as student material "as is", from the VRF Vitiligo Master Class Barcelona November 2011; VRF does not endorse or otherwise approve it.
Dry Eye Disease (DED) has become a substantial economic burden to industrialized society. It is estimated to cost as much as $18K/year/patient in lost productivity for a total of $55B/year in the United States alone. Severe, untreated dry eye disease can result in significant morbidity and potential loss of vision. The role that diet plays in the inflammation and lipid abnormalities associated with dry eye disease has only recently been discovered and is still not widely accepted in the medical community.
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
Presented by Pongsawat Rodsaward, MD.
December 17, 2021
Patients with AD showed high incidence of duodenitis and cervical spine as a disorder other than skin. We experienced many cases where treatment resulted in improvement of eruptions of AD and other disorders other than skin were alleviated. We also experienced patients with AD with duodenitis normalized by repeated testing. In the same case of AD, many disorders of the organs of the duodenum and the cervical spine were observed. The toxin produced by S. aureus detected from the skin of patients with AD was high rate.
Watch the video of the presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRegqg5yvRs
El Dr Welte té nombroses publicacions en àrees diverses relacionades amb el malalt crític. Particularment interessants són els seus estudis en relació al trasplantament pulmonar, així com els seus estudis sobre pneumònia i sèpsia. Així mateix, participa activament en la xarxa alemanya Capnetz, emprada per a l'elaboració d'estudis multicèntrics relacionats amb la pneumònia adquirida a la comunitat.
Sodium Oxodihydroacridinylacetate for effective vitiligo treatment. May 24, 2013VR Foundation
Researchers Stop Vitiligo Progression! New hope for millions worldwide.
Dr. Igor Korobko, Chief Scientific Director of the non-profit Vitiligo Research Foundation (http://www.vrfoundation.org/), has reported a major breakthrough in vitiligo therapy development at the 10th EADV Spring Symposium in Krakow, Poland. Data released on May 24, 2013 from VRF's preclinical study of a Pharmsyntez drug, sold under the trademark Neovir, has shown positive results in arresting vitiligo lesion progression in 73.3 percent of patients with an active form of vitiligo. In four of the 60 patients taking part in the study, vitiligo lesions re-pigmented significantly.
Sodium oxodihydroacridinylacetate (ODHAA) is the active ingredient in Neovir, with an immunomodulatory capacity that is currently being used to normalize impaired immune system functions for various conditions. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were used as predictive and end-point markers during the trials. The treatment was well tolerated by patients, and no side effects were observed.
Researchers from the VR Foundation study did not compare the drug with a control placebo or other treatment modality, and it is, as yet, unclear how long the effects will last, though there are signs that for many patients, it could be up to a year or more. It may also be used to prevent vitiligo relapse after stopping its progression with an annual administration of the drug.
It is also not clear yet whether the drug will work for segmental vitiligo, which is often seen as a distinctly different form of the disease.
This study, and others on immune system drugs, will perhaps be the most closely watched items in the Vitiligo Research Foundation’s drug re-purposing research activities.
The Foundation’s CEO, Yan Valle, noted that today scientists know the molecular cause of 4,000 diseases, but treatments are available for only 250 of them. Systematic drug development is lagging behind for many rare and complex diseases. Drug re-purposing offers some effective and cost-efficient solutions.
Mr. Valle went on to add, “We are focused on off-label testing of approved drugs that are already on the market, and thus are already available to patients immediately. Neovir is cheaply available without prescription across the former Soviet Union, it is very affordable and has an excellent long-standing safety profile,”.
At the moment it is still unclear when this drug will be available in the United States or European Union.
Coming a month before World Vitiligo Day (http://25june.org/) on June 25, it is another positive sign that there is hope on the horizon for vitiligo sufferers.
A 10 year old boy presented with fever, local swelling around the ankle with tenderness and antalgic gait, without any antecedent trauma or discharging sinus. He had no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Laboratory tests revealed signs of inflammation with normal Mantoux test and chest X-ray. An irregular lytic lesion of the talus was seen on the x-ray of the affected part. Ziehl Nelson staining of the aspirated fluid revealed acid-fast bacilli. Material obtained after curettage and bone grafting confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis. He was treated conservatively with splintage and 4 drug anti-tubercular chemotherapy for 18 months, without any residual tenderness or foot deformity at the final follow-up. This case has been reported because of its rarity and atypical clinical presentation.
Vitiligo in association with Erythema dyschromicum perstansVR Foundation
Twenty seven years old female patient two years ago after delivery has noticed appearance of irregular hypo- and achromic macules on her trunk, extremities and face. Two months ago she has seen on her trunk and extremities oval gray-blue hyperpigmented macules which are accompanied from a slight pruritus.
She has common complains of weight reduction of 5-6 kg, palpitation, sleep disturbance, fatigue and some joint pain.
Clinically our patient is IV phototype. She has two different type of exanthema. First type - vitiligo is presented from symmetrical distributed over the trunk, extremities and face hypopigmented and achromic macules from 0,5 cm to 20 cm in diameter. The second type exanthema has symmetrical distribution and involves abdomen, back and proximal part of extremities. The lesions are gray-blue macules with oval shape and size from 0,5 cm to 2 cm in diameter. There is no change in mucous membrane.
Deviations of the investigations include slight elevated ECR, reduced HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, monocytosis, reticulocytosis, low serum Fe, increase TIBC, decrease LDH, positive serological test for H. pylori, increased Tg-Ab and TSH-RAb, very low TSH, elevated FT4, nasal smear – S. aureus, vaginal smear – S. agalactiae. Ultrasound of thyroid gland shows normal topic, size, structure and enhanced blood flow.
Conducted by the clinical laboratory research fund and consultative examinations are specified comorbidities Grave’s disease, iron deficiency anemia, bacterial colpitis, and chronic gastritis.
Histopathological examination of the edge or the hyperchrome lesion show minor hydropic degeneration of basal layer, sparce, superficial, perivascular lymphocyte infiltrat, and macrophages containing melanin (incontinentia pigmenti).
Differentially were discussed lichen planus, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, contact dermatitis, fixed drug reaction.
Based on the anamnesis, clinical picture, laboratory results and conducted histological examination answer the question what is this second type exanthema is Erythema dyschromicum perstans.
Conducted treatment for accompanying diseases is with Ciprofloxacin, Ferrous sulfate, Vitamins, Thiamazol, eradication therapy for H. pylori and local application of Mupirocin nasal ointment. We have made 7 procedures UVB 311 nm narrow band with slight improvement.
There are only few previously described cases of Erythema dyschromicum perstans & vitiligo in the same patient. These cases include patients with darker skin. In both diseases there is HLA-DR4 association in the pathogenesis. There are some common features between two diseases which include predominance of cytotoxic T-cell and almost the same ratio of CD4/CD8, Ia antigen positivity in the dendritic cells in epidermis and dermis and increased number of epidermal Langerhans cells.
- Disclaimer- This PPT is loaded as student material "as is", from the VRF Vitiligo Master Class Barcelona November 2011; VRF does not endorse or otherwise approve it.
Dry Eye Disease (DED) has become a substantial economic burden to industrialized society. It is estimated to cost as much as $18K/year/patient in lost productivity for a total of $55B/year in the United States alone. Severe, untreated dry eye disease can result in significant morbidity and potential loss of vision. The role that diet plays in the inflammation and lipid abnormalities associated with dry eye disease has only recently been discovered and is still not widely accepted in the medical community.
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
Presented by Pongsawat Rodsaward, MD.
December 17, 2021
Ultrasonography Diagnosis of Scrotal Pathologiesiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster risk reduction and nursing - human science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Global alliance of disaster research institutes (GADRI) discussion session, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy supply the role of resilience i...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Making Hard Choices An Analysis of Settlement Choices and Willingness to Retu...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
The Relocation Challenges in Coastal Urban Centers Options and Limitations, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Involving the Mining Sector in Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality, Simone ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Reduction and Nursing - Human Science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Training and awareness raising in Critical Infrastructure Protection & Resili...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
IDRC Davos 2016 - Workshop Awareness Raising, Education and Training - Capaci...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Dynamic factors influencing the post-disaster resettlement success Lessons fr...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Consequences of the Armed Conflict as a Stressor of Climate Change in Colombi...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Perception in Cameroon and its Implications for the Rehabilitat...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Systematic Knowledge Sharing of Natural Hazard Damages in Public-private Part...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Exploring the Effectiveness of Humanitarian NGO-Private Sector Collaborations...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Can UK Water Service Providers Manage Risk and Resilience as Part of a Multi-...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
A Holistic Approach Towards International Disaster Resilient Architecture by ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
5. Regional Dermatology Training Centre
Training programm for „Dermatology officers“
from 14 Nations from East/Southern Africa
(Commonwealth)
2-years long Curriculum:
Dermatology
STI / HIV
Leprosy
Public Health
Teaching methods
8. Validation of the U.K. diagnostic criteria for atopic eczema in a
Xhosa speaking South-African population
Charmers DA et al Brit J Dermatol 2007
Brit J Dermatol 2007
Validity of the full question-based version of the U.K. diagnostic criteria
Sensitivity 43.7% (95% CI 26.3-62.3)
Specificity 97.9% (97.3-98.4)
PPV 18.4% (95% CI 10.4-28.9)
NPV 99.4% (95% CI 99.0-99.6)
Visible flexural eczema alone
Sensitivity 81.2% (95% CI 63.5-92.7)
Validation of ISAAC and
the U.K. diagnostic criteria for atopic
Specificity 99.0% (95% CI 98.6-99.3),
dermatitis in Ethiopian children
PPV 48.1% (95% CI 34.3-62.1)
Haileamlak A et al. Brit J Dermatol 2005
NPV 99.8% (95% CI 99.5-99.9)
9. Validation of the U.K. diagnostic criteria for atopic eczema in a
Xhosa speaking South-African population
Charmers DA et al Brit J Dermatol 2007
Brit J Dermatol 2007
Validity of the full question-based version of the U.K. diagnostic criteria
Sensitivity 43.7% (95% CI 26.3-62.3)
Specificity 97.9% (97.3-98.4)
PPV 18.4% (95% CI 10.4-28.9)
NPV 99.4% (95% CI 99.0-99.6)
Visible flexural eczema alone
Sensitivity 81.2% (95% CI 63.5-92.7)
Specificity 99.0% (95% CI 98.6-99.3),
PPV 48.1% (95% CI 34.3-62.1)
NPV 99.8% (95% CI 99.5-99.9)
10. Validation of the U.K. diagnostic criteria for atopic eczema in a
Flexural population
Xhosa speaking South-Africaneczema
as
Charmers DA et al Brit J Dermatol 2007 the
Brit J Dermatol 2007
key diagnostic
Feature
Of
Atopic
Eczema
11. Additional discriminating clinical features in AD
19 (11.1%)
White demographism
0
Facial erythema
0
23 (15.5%)
52 (30.4%)
Infraorbital folds
10 (6.9%)
Hertoghe's sign
36
4 (2.8%)
33 (19.3%)
Periorbital darkening
2 (1.4%)
Dry skin
133 (77.8%)
11 (7.6%)
56 (32.7%)
Palmar hyperlinearity
16 (11.4%)
Retroauricular intertrigo*
Nummular eczema*
30 (17.5%)
2 (1.4%)
3 (2.1%)
21 (12.3%)
43 (25.1%)
Pytiriasis alba*
11 (7.6%)
38 (22.2%)
Napkin rash*
1 (0.7%)
Papular lichenoid lesions*
0
93 (54.4%)
11 (7.6%)
20
* minor criteria
40
60
Non AD (644pers.)
80
100
With AD (771pts.)
,
KSasagawa-Tagahashi-type
Masenga J et al)
120
140
12. Additional discriminating clinical features in AD
19 (11.1%)
White demographism
0
Facial erythema
0
23 (15.5%)
52 (30.4%)
Infraorbital folds
10 (6.9%)
Hertoghe's sign
36
4 (2.8%)
Dry skin
Palmar
hyperlinearitiy
33 (19.3%)
Periorbital darkening
2 (1.4%)
Dry skin
133 (77.8%)
11 (7.6%)
56 (32.7%)
Palmar hyperlinearity
16 (11.4%)
Retroauricular intertrigo*
Nummular eczema*
30 (17.5%)
2 (1.4%)
3 (2.1%)
21 (12.3%)
Papular
lichenoid
lesions*
43 (25.1%)
Pytiriasis alba*
11 (7.6%)
38 (22.2%)
Napkin rash*
1 (0.7%)
Papular lichenoid lesions*
0
93 (54.4%)
11 (7.6%)
20
* minor criteria
40
60
Non AD (644pers.)
80
100
With AD (771pts.)
,
KSasagawa-Tagahashi-type
Masenga J et al
120
140
15. Worldwide Variation of Asthma, allergic rhinitis and
atopic dermatitis
ISAAC Study, Lancet 1998
16. Worldwide Variation of Asthma, allergic rhinitis and
atopic dermatitis
ISAAC Study, Lancet 1998
17. Worldwide Variation of Asthma, allergic rhinitis and
atopic dermatitis
ISAAC Study, Lancet 1998
18. Prevalence of AD in childhood in SubSaharan Africa
Study
Nation
Yemaneberhan H Ethiopia
Number
Prevalence
Source
12876
3.1 %
Clin Exp Allergy 2004
Nornuka EN
Nigeria
1026
8.5 %
Int J Dermatol 2004
Oguunyi I et al
Nigeria
1048
absent
Ped Dermatol 2005
Sibanda EN
Simbabwe
12042
6.9%
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2004
Mercer MJ
South Africa
4947
11.9 %
Pediat Allergy Immunol
RDTC
Tanzania
3427
4.9 %
in prep
RDTC
Zambia
185
8.61 %
in prep
RDTC
Swaziland
350
9.14 %
in prep
24. Hygiene hypothesis dos not fit for atopic eczema
Infections may worsen AE
Early antibiotic intervention may worsen AE
Brit J Dermatol 2005; 152: 202
25. 306 children with AD; prevalnece 4.4 %
426 controls
aged
in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopa
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:370
29. Associated factors with AD in SubSaharan Africa
Associated with
asthma and wheezing
positive SPT
parasite infestation (Trichuris)
urbanization
De Souza East Arican Med J 1992
Haileamlak A J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005
South african childhood atopic eczema working group South African Med J 2005
Dinkela A et al Int J Dermatol 2007
33. Staphylococci in AD
Increased skin permeability
Prolongation and Upregulation of IL-31
worsening of AD
Sepsis and
Death
34. Atopic dermatitis in
Zuerich,
SWitzerland
Atopic dermatitis in
Kilombero Region,
Tanzania
Infectious agents
play an important role
In AD
- direct effects
- Senstizitation
- for therapeutic approach
36. Xhosa speaking population in South Africa
With atopic eczema
72 patients with atopic eczema
(found in 3069 participants)
Mean age 17.8 years (12-51 years
Female: Male 52.4 : 47.6
Fatema Esmail
Gail Todd
Dept of Dermatology
Groote Schur Hospital
37. Pollen measurement in Tanzania / South Africa
Goal of the study:
Unknown data
Climate changes in Africa
ISAAC Questionaire Hard data
38. Xhosa speaking population in South Africa
Goal of the study:
What are the
sensitization patterns
In AD patients
?
39. Xhosa speaking population in South Africa
With atopic eczema
Sensitization patterns in Atopic Eczema
72 patients with atopic eczema
(found in 3069 participants)
Mean age 17.8 years (12-51 years
Female: Male 52.4 : 47.6
40. Xhosa speaking population in South Africa
With atopic eczema
Sensitization patterns in Atopic Eczema
72 patients with atopic eczema
Mean age 17.8 years (12-51 years
Female: Male 52.4 : 47.6
Mean Total Serum IgE:
7284.3 kU/l
41. Xhosa speaking population in South Africa
With atopic eczema
Sensitization patterns in Atopic Eczema
72 patients with atopic eczema
(found in 3069 participants)
Mean age 17.8 years (12-51 years
Female: Male 52.4 : 47.6
Mean Total Serum IgE:
7284.3 kU/l
(2 - > 5000 kU/L)
(max 31‘000 kU/l)
42. Xhosa speaking population in South Africa
With atopic eczema
Specific IgE by ISAC
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
31.4
29.5
26.4
21.3
3.45
3.25
3.12
3.09
1.7
1.39
1.27
0.91
0.82
17
0.56
0.53
0.32
0.32
0.3
0.28
4.55
2.22
3.07
0
1.44
1.04
0.99
0.66
0.89
0
14.8
0.4612.3
0.25
0
0.65
0
0.78
0.92
2.07
0
0.82
0.7
0
0.74
0.99
0.36
0.57
0
0
0
5.8
0.25
8.3
4.58
3.55
3.54
0
2.01
1.82
0.7
1.14
0.79
0
0.55
11.7
0
0
0.96
0
0
Der p Der f 1 Bla g 2 Bla g 5 Phl p 1 Ph l 5 Fel d 1 Bos b Gal d Pen a
1
1,2, 4
1-3
1
3.6
2.72
3.29
0
2.12
2.36
0.98
1.57
1.35
0
0.81
0.4
0.5
1.14
0.34
43. Xhosa speaking population in South Africa
With atopic eczema
Specific IgE by ISAC
35
30
25
31.4
29.5
26.4
21.3
20
15
10
5
3.45
3.25
3.12
3.09
1.7
1.39
1.27
0.91
0.82
17
0.56
0.53
0.32
0.32
0.3
0.28
4.55
2.22
3.07
0
1.44
1.04
0.99
0.66
0.89
0
14.8
0.4612.3
0.25
0
0.65
0
0.78
0.92
2.07
0
0.82
0.7
0
0.74
0.99
0.36
0.57
0
0
0
5.8
0.25
8.3
4.58
3.55
3.54
0
2.01
1.82
0.7
1.14
0.79
0
0.55
11.7
0
0
0.96
0
0
Der p Der f 1 Bla g 2 Bla g 5 Phl p 1 Ph l 5 Fel d 1 Bos b Gal d Pen a
1
1,2, 4
1-3
1
House dust mites Cockroaches
Grass pollen
Cat
3.6
2.72
3.29
0
2.12
2.36
0.98
1.57
1.35
0
0.81
0.4
0.5
1.14
0.34
44. Xhosa speaking population in South Africa
With atopic eczema
Specific IgE by ISAC
35
30
25
31.4
29.5
26.4
21.3
20
15
10
5
3.45
3.25
3.12
3.09
1.7
1.39
1.27
0.91
0.82
17
0.56
0.53
0.32
0.32
0.3
0.28
4.55
2.22
3.07
0
1.44
1.04
0.99
0.66
0.89
0
14.8
0.4612.3
0.25
0
0.65
0
0.78
0.92
2.07
0
0.82
0.7
0
0.74
0.99
0.36
0.57
0
0
0
5.8
0.25
8.3
4.58
3.55
3.54
0
2.01
1.82
0.7
1.14
0.79
0
0.55
11.7
0
0
0.96
0
0
Der p Der f 1 Bla g 2 Bla g 5 Phl p 1 Ph l 5 Fel d 1 Bos b Gal d Pen a
1
1,2, 4
1-3
1
House dust mites Cockroaches
Grass pollen
Cat
Milk
Egg
Tropo
myosin
3.6
2.72
3.29
0
2.12
2.36
0.98
1.57
1.35
0
0.81
0.4
0.5
1.14
0.34
66. H
T
A
N
K
Y
OU
Dept of Dermatology
Groote Schur Hospital
SNF
GA2LEN
Ulrich-Müller-Foundation
Fatema Esmail
Gail Todd
Allergy unit
Zuerich
Barbra Fischer
Susanne Haug
Nada Juricevic
Antonie Roll
Brunello Wüthrich
Günter Burg
Swiss Institute of
Allergy Research
SIAF, Davos
Sabine Zeller
Beate Rückert
Reto Crameri
Axel Trautmann
Cezmi Akdis
Kurt Blaser
Regional Dermatology
Hospital, Ifakara,
Training Centre
Tanzania
Moshi, Tanzania
St Francis Disctrict
Swiss Tropcial
Institute Basel
Almuth Dinklea
Julia Ferie
Christop Hatz
Elisante Masenga
Henning Grossmann
67. 14. International CME for
Dermatology and STI in the tropics
12.-14. January 2010
RDTC Moshi, Tanzania
68. 14. International CME for
Dermatology and STI in the tropics
12.-14. January 2014
RDTC Moshi, Tanzania