An introduction to academic referencing - explaining why, when and how to reference in university/academic work. Examples are given for APA and Harvard style of referencing.

1. By Sarah Sloan
Griffith University
First published on Slideshare 2013

2. CONTENTS
Why we reference
When to reference
How to reference – APA and Harvard Style
Paraphrasing
Examples of referencing

3. WHY WE REFERENCE
• To avoid plagiarism
• To acknowledge other people‟s ideas
• To show we have done some reading on the subject matter
• To add credibility to our work
Sarah Sloan, 2013

4. APPROPRIATE RESEARCH
GOOD RESEARCH PLEASE DON’T USE
The article is a peer reviewed Newspaper articles
journal article.
Wikipedia
The article appears in a journal
which relates to business, Websites
management, human resources, “My tutor said…..” even though your
etc. tutor is brilliant, they are not a
The article list all the authors and peered review article.
details.
Information with no authors
You understand what the article is attached!
saying and you are representing
it correctly. Unreferenced information
You are able to correctly reference
everything you state in your
report.
Sarah Sloan, 2013

5. WHEN TO REFERENCE
• Each time you use an idea or quote from someone else‟s work, you need to
REFERENCE this.
• Even if you re-word their idea, you must still reference the original author.
• You need an IN TEXT reference and it also needs to be placed in the
REFERENCE LIST.
Sarah Sloan, 2013

6. HOW TO REFERENCE – IN TEXT REFERENCES
Insert Authors surname(s), followed by year of publication.
• Eg. A product can be a tangible product, service, idea or concept (Brown, 1999).
• Eg. Brown (1999) refers to products being either tangible products, services,
ideas or concepts.
• Note, try to alternate these two styles of referencing to give your work a bit of
variety.
If you use a DIRECT quote you also need the page number:
Eg. A product can be “a tangible product, service, idea or concept” (Brown, 1999; 5).
Punctuation goes after the reference.
Sarah Sloan, 2013

7. HOW TO REFERENCE - REFERENCE LIST
• Alphabetised list of all the references that appear in your text.
• Do not leave any references out of your reference list
• Choose one style of referencing (eg APA or Harvard)
• Different ways of referencing depending on type of publication (book,
newspaper, article)
• Book: Kornberger, M. (2010). Brand Society. Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press.
• Article: Kozinets, R. V. (2002). The field behind the screen; using
netnography for marketing research in online communities. Journal of
Marketing Research. 39(1), 61-72.
Sarah Sloan, 2013

8. PARAPHRASING AND REFERENCING – APA STYLE
In-text referencing:
Kolk (2008) argues that good corporate governance is critical to a system
of transparency.
Good corporate governance is critical to a system of transparency (Kolk,
2008).
Reference List:
Kolk, A. (2008). Sustainability, Accountability and Corporate Governance:
Exploring Multinationals‟Reporting Practices. Business Strategy
and the Environment, 18(1), 1–15. DOI: 10.1002/bse.511
Sarah Sloan, 2013

9. PARAPHRASING AND REFERENCING – HARVARD
STYLE
In-text referencing:
Kolk (2008) argues that good corporate governance is critical to a system
of transparency.
Good corporate governance is critical to a system of transparency (Kolk
2008).
Reference List:
Kolk, A. 2008, „Sustainability, Accountability and Corporate Governance:
Exploring Multinationals‟Reporting Practices‟, Business Strategy
and the Environment, vol. 18 no. 1, 1–15, viewed 16
March 2013, via nformaworld database, DOI: 10.1002/bse.511
Sarah Sloan, 2013

10. PARAPHRASING
• Will add to your argument.
• Give it strength.
• Make it more credible.
• Shows you have done your research
Eg.
• Voice is any attempt at all to change rather than escape from an
objectionable state of affairs (Hirschman, 1970, p 30).
• Hirschman (1999: p 30), says that “Voice is any attempt at all to
change rather than escape from an objectionable state of
affairs”.
• As noted by Hirschman (1999: p 30) “Voice is any attempt at all
to change rather than escape from an objectionable state of
affairs”.
Sarah Sloan, 2013

11. CONTACT ME
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me –
Follow me @happy_chappy89 on twitter
s.sloan[at]griffith.edu.au
Visit my online resume to learn more about my work
sarahsloanbio.wordpress.com
Visit my blog for university students:
http://academicwonderings.wordpress.com/