The document provides a historical overview of the curriculum in the Philippines from pre-Spanish times to the present. It traces the evolution of the education system and curriculum under different ruling regimes, including the Spanish, American, Japanese, and post-WWII periods. Key developments include the introduction of Christianity and the Spanish language under Spanish rule, the establishment of a public school system and use of English under American rule, the promotion of Japanese culture and language under Japanese occupation, and the implementation of a K-12 program in recent decades.

1. Historical Backgroundof
Curriculumin the Philippines

3. Timeline
Before 1521
1521-1896
1896-1899
1898-1935
1935-1941
1941-1944
Education before the coming of
Spaniards
Education during the Spanish
Regime
Education during the Philippine
Revolution
Education during the American
Occupation
Education during the Philippine
Commonwealth
Education during the Japanese
Occupation

5.  No formal schools
 Learning began at
home
 Oral, practical, hands
on
 Reading, ‘riting,
‘rithmetic( 3r’s)
 The objective was
basically to promote
reverence for, and
adoration of Bathala,
respects for laws,
customs, and
authorities
represented by
parents and elders.

7. -Establishment of
schools in the country
Friars- established
parochial schools
linked with churches to
teach catechism to the
natives.
-goal is to spread
Christianity.
Religion (Christian
Doctrine) –was a
compulsory subject at
all levels.
• Education was privileged
only to Spanish students.
• 19th century- public
education for the
natives.
• Educational decree of
1863- required the
establishment of one
primary school for girls
and one for boys in each
major town of the
country.
• Establishment of the
normal school for the
training of teachers.
• Spanish Language-
medium of instruction in
all school.

8. Problem Faced
During the Period
• Absence of systematic
government supervision
of the schools.
• Over emphasis on
religion.
• Limited and Irrelevant
Curriculum
• Lack of trained teachers
(150 teacher-
missionaries to instruct
over half a million
inhabitants)
• Obsolete Teaching
Methods.
• Poor classroom
facilities
• Inadequate
instructional materials.
• Racial discrimination
against Filipino
students.
• Absence of academic
freedom.
Because of need, higher
level schools were
established much later by
virtue or royal decrees.
• Colegios
• Beaterios

9. Subjects: Based on the
Royal Decree of 1863
 Language (Latin, Spanish
grammar and literature,
elementary Greek,
French and English)
 History (Universal,
Spanish)
 Mathematics
(Arithmetic, Algebra,
Trigonometry, Geometry
)
 Philosophy (Rhetoric,
Logic, Ethics)
 Geography
 Psychology

11. • Ilustrados- spearheaded
the Propaganda
Movement.
Curricular reforms
1. Secularization of
education.
2. Instruction of Spanish.
3. Greater attention to
natural science.
4. The design of a relevant
curriculum.
5. Improvement of higher
center of learning.
6. Improvement of
educational system.
Jose Rizal
– criticized unequivocally
the friars’ method of
instruction in his two
novels Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo.
Curriculum
-To improve the existing
curriculum, Rizal considered
the ff. subject as required
courses in secondary schools.
-Science -Math
-History -Philosophy
-Law -Language
P.E -Religion
-Music -Social Sciences

13. • The Americans used
education as a vehicle
for its program
benevolent assimilation.
• Restore damaged school
houses, build new ones
and conduct classes.
• January 1901- Taft
Commission Act. No.74
• Act no.74- established
the Philippine Public
School System.
Education
 Volunteer
American
Soldiers
 Thomasites- USS
Thomas
 August 23, 1901
 365 males and
165 females.

14.  3 levels of Education
during the American
Period
 Elementary
 Secondary
 College
 English language
 Filipino Pensionados
Most important Colleges
during American rules
Public School
• Philippine Normal
School
• University of the
Philippines
Private School
• Siliman University
• Centro Escolar de
Señoritas
• Philippines Women’s
University

15. Curriculum
Primary Education
• GMRC
• Civics
• Hygiene and Sanitation
• Geography
Intermediate Curriculum
• Grammar and
composition
• Reading, spelling
• Science courses
• Physiology
• Intensive teaching of
geography
• Hygiene and sanitation
-Government established
NORMAL SCHOOL for future
teachers.
 Methods teaching
 Practice teaching
 Psychology
 Mathematic
 Language
 Science
 History and government
 Social Sciences
 P.E

17.  All schools should moral character,
personal discipline, civic conscience
and vocational efficiency
 Promote effective participation of the
citizens in the processes of a
democratic society
 Educational Act of 1940 “ meet the
increasing demand for public
instruction and at the same time comply
with the constitutional mandate on
public education”

19. 6 Basic Principle of Japanese
Regime:
1. Realization of NEW ORDER and promote
friendly relations between Japan and the
Philippines to the farthest extent.
2. Foster a new Filipino culture based
3. Endeavor to elevate the morals or people,
giving up over emphasis to materialism
4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the
Philippines
5. Promotion of VOCATIONAL course
6. To inspire people with the spirit to lobe
neighbor.

20. Education after 1940
• The objective of the Philippine Education was to
established “integrated, nationalistic, and democracy-
inspired educational system”
1. Inculcate moral and spiritual values inspired by an
abiding faith in God
2. To develop and enlighten patriotic, useful and upright
citizenry in a democratic society
3. Conservation of the national resources
4. Perpetuation of our desirable values
5. Promote the science, arts and letters

21. Martial Law Period
 The Department of Education became the Department
of Education and Culture and Culture in 1972, the
Ministry of Education Act of 1982, the Ministry of
Education, Culture, and Sports.
 A bilingual education scheme was established in 1974,
requiring Filipino and English to be used in schools.
 Science and math subject as well as English language
and literature classes were taught in English while the
rest were taught in Filipino.

22. From 1986 to the present
• The bilingual policy in education was reiterated in the
1987 Constitution of the Philippines.
• (EDCOM), Congress passed Republic Act 7722 and
Republic Act 7796 in 1994, creating the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Educational and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA). The institute
governing basic education was thus renamed in 2001 as
the Department of Education (DepEd).

23. 2010s and the K-12 Program
The start of the twenty-first century’s second
decade saw a major improvement in the
Philippine education system. In 2011, the
Department of Education system, which also
included a new curriculum for all schools
nationwide. The K-12 program has a so-called
“phased implementation”, which started in S.Y
2011-2012.