FOUNDATIONS_OF_EDUCATION.pdf

Significant educational
development that
influences certain
educational practices

Education during the Pre-Spanish Period
Aims: for survival, conformity, and enculturation
Contents: informal education, religion-oriented
Methods: tell me and show me, observation, trial and
error

Education during the Spanish Period
 Aim: to propagate Christianity
 Contents: religious education, vocational courses
 Methods: dictation and memorization
• The vernacular was used as the medium of instruction in the
parochial schools
• The religious orders introduced the parochial school
• Education is suppressed, exclusive (for the elite), and inadequate

Education during the Spanish Period
 Royal Decree of 1555 of King Carlos I
three goals of the Spanish Education:
indoctrination of Christianity
Promotion of the Spanish language
Imposition of Spanish culture
 Royal Decree of 1863
the first attempt of the Spaniards to establish an overall public school
system and to provide for the training of teachers through a normal
school attached to “Escuela Pia”, now Ateneo de Manila University

Revolutionary Republic (1st Republic)
 Established on June 12, 1898
 Illustrados spearheaded the Propaganda Movement
 Curricular reforms
1. Secularization of education
2. Instruction of Spanish
3. Greater attention to natural science
4. The design of a relevant curriculum
5. Improvement of higher centers of learning
6. Improvement of educational system

Revolutionary Republic (1st Republic)
 Jose Rizal criticized unequivocally the friars’ method of instruction in his two
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
1. Disproportionate focus on religion
2. Discourage the attempt of Filipino students to speak in Spanish
3. Lack of pedagogical skills
4. Irrelevant courses in the curriculum
 Curriculum:
To improve the existing curriculum, Rizal considered the ff. Subjects as
required courses in secondary schools:
•Science •Math •History •Philosophy •Law
•Language •P.E •Religion •Music •Social Sciences

Education during the American Period
 Aim: to teach democracy as a way of life
 Methods: socialized recitation, student’s participation
 Contents: reading, writing, arithmetic, language, GMRC, civics,
hygiene and sanitation, gardening, domestic science, American
History and Philippine History
 Formal education was established

 Education Act of 1901 (Act. No. 74 of the Philippine Commission)
 Separation of Church and State in education
 Encourage Filipino in the field of teaching
 Outstanding Filipino scholars were sent to US to train as teachers
 Curriculum:
 Primary Education
•GMRC •Civics •Hygiene and Sanitation •Geography
 Intermediate Curriculum
•Grammar and composition •Reading, spelling •Science courses
•Physiology •Hygiene and sanitation •Intensive teaching of geography

 Government established NORMAL SCHOOL for future teachers
 Courses include:
Methods of teaching, practice teaching, psychology,
mathematics, language, science, history and government, social
sciences, P.E
 White collar-job bias

Education during the Commonwealth Period
(1935-1942)
 Aims: (as provided for in the 1935 Constitution)
• To develop moral character, personal discipline, civic
conscience, and vocational efficiency
• To teach the duties of citizenship
• To continue the promotion of democratic ideals and way of life
 Content: character education and citizenship training
 Education under the Commonwealth helps prepare for the coming
independence of a new Filipino nation

(1935-1942)
 All schools should develop moral character, personal discipline,
civic conscience and vocational efficiency
 Promote effective participation of the citizens in the processes of a
democratic society
 Educational Act of 1940
“meet the increasing demand for public instruction and at the
same time comply with the constitutional mandate on public
education”

(1935-1942)
 1935 Constitution: Fundamental Aims of Education:
➢ to develop moral character
➢ personal discipline
➢ civic conscience
➢ vocational efficiency
➢ teach the duties of citizenship
 Executive Order No. 17: “Quezon Code of Ethics”
 Executive Order No. 134 in 1936: Tagalog as the basis of the
national language

(1935-1942)
 Executive Order No. 263 in 1940: teaching of the national language in the senior
year of all high schools and all years in the normal schools
 Education Act of 1940, Commonwealth Act No. 586: abolished Grade 7
 Commonwealth Act No. 117: all public school teachers under Civic Service Rules
and Regulations
 Commonwealth Act No. 578: status of “person in authority” on supervisors,
principals, teachers, and professors training adults
 Commonwealth Act No. 80: legal basis for adult education
 Commonwealth Act No. 589 in 1940: established a school ritual in all public and
private elementary secondary schools consisting of solemn patriotic ceremonies
that include the singing of National Anthem and the recitation of the Patriotic
Pledge

(1935-1942)
 Commonwealth Act No. 1 (National Defense Act of Dec. 21, 1935): preparatory
military training which shall begin with the young in the elementary grade school
at the age of 10 years and shall extend through the remainder of his schooling
into college or university
 PD 1706 of 1980 (National Service Law): amended Commonwealth Act No. 1; all
citizens to render civic welfare service, law enforcement service, and military
service.

Education during the Japanese Era
(1943-1945)
 Aims:
• To strive for the diffusion of the Japanese language in the
Philippines and to terminate the use of the English language in
schools
• To stress the dignity of manual labor
 Contents: vocational, technical, agricultural, values rooted on love
for labor, physical education and singing Japanese songs,
health/vocational education

(1943-1945)
 6 Basic Principles of Japanese Education
1. Realization of NEW ORDER and promote friendly relations between Japan
and the Philippines to the farthest extent
2. Foster a new Filipino culture based
3. Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving up over emphasis of
materialism
4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines
5. Promotion of VOCATIONAL course
6. To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor

(1943-1945)
 Order No. 2 of the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Imperial Forces set up the war
time educational objectives in the country on Feb. 17, 1942:
 To make the Philippines a member of the Greatest East Asia Co-Prosperity share
 To eradicate the old ideas of reliance upon the Western nations especially the US and
Britain
 To foster a new Filipino culture based on the consciousness of the people as Orientals
 To elevate the morals of the people by giving up the emphasis on materialism
 To strive for the diffusion of the Japanese language and to terminate the use of English
 To put an importance to the diffusion of elementary education and promotion of
vocational education
 To inspire the people with the spirit to love labor

Department of Instruction
Department of Education
Department of Education Culture
Ministry of Education and Culture
Ministry of Education, Culture and
Sports
Department of Education, Culture and
Sports
Department of Education
Feb. 27, 1945
Executive Order No. 94
(1947)
Proclamation 1081
(1972)
PD No. 1397
(1978)
Education Act of 1982
(1987)
RA 9155
(2001)

Education during the 3rd Republic
(1943-1972)
 Aims:
• Full realization of the democratic ideals and way of life
• Promotion of equal educational opportunities for all
 Contents:
• Social orientation as manifested by the conservation of the
Filipino heritage
• Training for occupation
• Promotion of democratic nation building
• A new thrust on community development

Education during the New Society
(1972-1986)
 Aim: for national development
• Curricular changes in Elementary Education
o Focused on the 3Rs
o Integration of values in all learning areas
o Emphasis on mastery learning
• Curricular changes in Secondary Education
o Increased in time allotment
o YDT and CAT introduced as new courses
o Elective offerings as part of the curriculum
• Made education relevant to the needs of the changing world
• Bilingual Education Policy – use of English and Filipino as media of instruction in specific
learning areas

Aims of education in the Philippines based on
the 1973 Constitution:
 Foster love of country
 Teach the duties of citizenship
 Develop moral character, self-discipline, and scientific,
technological and vocational efficiency

Education during 1986-2000
 Aim: to promote national development and values education
• The national government appropriates the highest budgetary
allocation to education
• Promotion and improvement of the public school teachers

 Implementation of NESC – addressed to civic, intellectual, and
character development of the child. Its features are:
• Emphasis on mastery learning; focused on fewer learning areas
• Focused on the development of the 3Rs
• Emphasis on the development of intellectual skills which are as important as
work skills
• Multi-disciplinary treatment of curriculum content
• Student-centered
• Cognitive-affective manipulatIve based curriculum
• Values education offered as separate subject area
• Emphasis on science and technology
• Bilingual policy
• Emphasis on Critical thinking

 The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM), in its report
in 1991, recommended the following:
• Trifocalization of DECS into the Department of Education
(DepEd), Technical Education and Skils Development Authority
(TESDA), and Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
• Establishment of Teacher Education Council and Centers of
Excellence
• Professionalization of teachers; and
• Technical-Vocational Education reform.

Education during the 21st Century
 Aim: to provide the school age population and young adults with
skills, knowledge and values to become caring, self-reliant,
productive and patriotic citizens

Republic Act 9155 (Governance of Basic
Education Act)
 was passed transforming the name of the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of
Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices (regional
offices, division offices, district offices and schools). The act provides
the overall framework for:
• School head empowerment by strengthening their leadership
roles
• School-based management within the context of transparencies
and local accountability

The K-12 Program (RA 10533)
 Implementation started on SY 2012-2013
 Kindergarten is now a part of the compulsory education system
 A new curriculum for Grade 1 and Grade 7 pupils and students,
respectively was introduced
 By SY 2016-2017, Grade 11/Year 5 will be introduces, and Grade
12/Year 6 by SY 2017-2018
 The phased implementation of the new curriculum will be finished
by the SY 2017-2018

Philippine educational
legislations involved in
certain school practices
and problems

Legislations Details
Education Decree of 1863 • Establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each
town, which are under the municipal/local government
Educational Decree of
1972, PD 6-A
• Provided for the national development goals and established a ten-
year educational development program
Batas Pambansa Blg. 232
(Education Act of 1982)
• Establishment and maintenance of an integrated system of education
that apply to both formal and non-formal systems in public and private
schools.
• Voluntary accreditation of schools
PD No. 146 (Mar. 9, 1973) • Required all senior high school students to pass the National College
Entrance Examination (NCEE)
RA 7731 • Abolished the NCEE to give the marginalized sector greater access to
college education
(Jul. 4, 1986)
• Inclusion of courses or subjects on human rights in the school curricula,
textbooks, and in the qualifying examinations on government service
(Jun. 10, 1987)
• All public secondary school teachers under the administrative
supervision and control of DECS
RA 6728 (Jun. 10, 1989) • “An Act Providing Government Assistance to Students and Teacher in
Private Education”
RA 7168 (Dec. 6, 1991) • Philippine National College was converted to a university

RA 7722 (1994) • Creation of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to oversee
tertiary education
RA 7796 • Created the Technical Education Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
RA 7784 • Establishment of “Centers of Excellence” in each of the regions in the Phils.
RA 7079 (Jul. 5, 1991) • “Campus Journalism Act of 1991”
• Establishment and maintenance of a student publication in all levels in
both public and private schools
RA 139 • Board of Textbooks Law of June 14, 1947
• Provided the bases for the adoption of textbooks
DECS Order 49, s. 1992 • Provided guidelines in the selection of Honor Students in the secondary
schools
MECS Order 44, s. 1983 • Revised procedures for determining honor pupils in the elementary grades
DECS Order 37, s. 1994 • Launched National Elementary Assessment Test (NEAT); National
Secondary Assessment Test (NSAT) is given 3 days after NEAT
DECS Order No. 1, s.
1994
• The school calendar should not be less than 42 calendar weeks, with a
minimum of 200 class days inclusive of examination days for both public
and private schools
Dept. Order 25, s. 1994 • Bilingual education program mandates the use of English and Filipino
separately as media of instruction

RA 5698 • Created the Legal Education board to improve the quality of law schools
and arrest the climbing numbers of bar flankers
Education Act of
1953
• Compulsory elementary education
RA 6655 • Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988
RA 7323 • Special Program for the Employment of Students
RA 8545 • Government Assistance to Students and Teachers Private Education
(GASTPE)
DepEd Order No. 11,
s. 2015
• Senior High School Voucher Program
RA 10931 • Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act
RA 7687 • Establish a scholarship program for courses that will encourage the youth to
pursue careers in Science and Technology
RA 7743 • Establishment of city and municipal libraries
RA 5447 • Special Education Fund of 1968 (provisions for the budget of funds for the
special education and the local school board)
RA 6054 • Barrio High School Law (author: Dr. Pedro T. Orata)

RA 9155 • Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001
RA 4670 • Magna Carta for Public School Teachers
PD 1006 • Decree Professionalizing Teaching (1977)
• Required the teachers to pass the Professional Board Examination for
Teachers
RA 7836 • Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 (LET Law)
RA 9293 • Amended RA 7836
RA 10157 • Kindergarten Education Act of 2012
RA 10533 • Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013
RA 10912 • Continuing Professional Development Act of 2016
D.O. 74, s. 2009 • Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
• use of mother tongue until Grade 3
D.O. 16, s. 2012 • Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education Guidelines
• 12 major languages or Lingua Franca (L1) were identified as both a learning
are and a language of instruction beginning SY 2012-13
• Filipino is L2 and English is L3. Both L2 and L3 will be introduced starting Grade
1, with initial focus on oral fluency, then reading and writing.
RA 7104 (1991) • Creation of the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino

RA 7686 • Institutionalized dual-training allowing students and vocational and
technical education to pursue their studies while at the same time getting
paid on-the-job training in private industries
RA 7743 • Establishment of city and municipal libraries
RA 7791 • Stretched the school year from 185 to 200 days
RA 1265 • Conduct of daily flag ceremony
RA 1425 • The study of the life, works and writings of Rizal in the curriculum
RA 6850 (Feb. 8, 1990) • Granting Civil Service Eligibility to all government employees who have
provisional or temporary status and who have rendered a total of at least
7 years of efficient and dedicated service
RA 1079 (Jun. 15, 1954) • Made permanent civil service eligibility of teachers
RA 1124 (Jun. 16, 1954) • Created the Board of National Education (BNE) tasked to formulate
educational policies and directing Philippine education
PD 907 (Mar. 11, 1976) • Grants civil service eligibility to all honor students of four years or longer
courses stating SY 1972-73.
PD 993 (Sept. 6, 1976) • Extended the benefits of PD 907 to honor graduates prior to SY 1972-73

CODE OF ETHICS FOR
PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
(SUMMARY)

TITLE
THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
RESOLUTION NO. 435
SERIES OF 1997

ARTICLE I:
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
Section 1. This code shall apply to ALL TEACHERS in schools
in the Philippines.
Section 2. Covers ALL PUBLIC and PRIVATE school TEACHERS
in all educational institution.

ARTICLE II:
THE TEACHER AND THE STATE
Section 1. Teachers are under obligation to transmit cultural heritage to
learners , elevate national morality, promote national pride, cultivate love of
country, instill allegiance to the constitution.
Section 2. Actively help carry out the declared policies of the state.
Section 3. Teacher should be physically, mentally and morally fit.
Section 4. Teacher must fully commit and devote to duty.
Section 5. Not promote & collect money for political, religious & partisan.
Section 6. Teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other constitutional rights.
Section 7. Not coerce to follow any political course of action.
Section 8. Enjoy academic freedom.

ARTICLE III:
THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY
Section 1. Teacher is: facilitator of learning and development of the youth.
Section 2. Shall actively participate in community movements for moral,
social, educational, economic and civic betterment.
Section 3. Merit reasonable social recognition. Behave with honor at all times.
Section 4. Understand local customs/ traditions for sympathetic attitude.
Section 5. Informed community of school work, needs, problems.
Section 6. Teacher is the intellectual leader in the community.
Section 7. Has harmonious relation with professionals, government & people.
Section 8. Has freedom to attend church and worships.

ARTICLE IV:
THE TEACHER AND THE PROFESSION
Section 1. Teacher insure that teaching is the noblest profession.
Section 2. Shall uphold highest quality education, prepare for
teaching.
Section 3. Shall participate in the Continuing Professional Education
(CPE).
Section 4. Seek support from school, not make misrepresentations.
Section 5. Use teaching profession in dignified means for decent
living.

ARTICLE V:
THE TEACHER AND THE TEACHING COMMUNITY
Section 1. Show professional loyalty, mutual confidence, faith in one
another.
Section 2. Refrain claiming work not his own, give credit for work of others
Section 3. Organize/leave to successor records & data to carry on the work.
Section 4. Keep confidential info not divulge documents or remove records
Section 5. Seek corrective for unprofessional, unethical conduct of
associate.
Section 6. Submit to authorities criticism against associate in writing.
Section 7. Apply for vacant position for which he is qualified.

ARTICLE VI: THE TEACHER & THE HIGHER
AUTHORITIES IN THE PHIIPPINES
Section 1.Make an effort to understand, support legitimate policies of
school
Section 2.Not make false accusations or charges against superiors.
Section 3. Has right to seek redress against injustice to the
administration.
Section 4. No school officials shall dismiss teacher except for cause.
Section 5. Public school teachers are employed in accordance with
civil service rules.

ARTICLE VIII:
THE TEACHER & THE LEARNERS
Section 1. Determine the academic marks and the promotion of learners.
Section 2. Interest, welfare of learners are first and foremost concern.
Section 3. Teacher shall not be prejudiced or discriminate against a learner.
Section 4. Not accept favors or gifts in exchange for requested concessions
Section 5. Not accept remuneration from tutorials other what is authorized
Section 6. Evaluation be based in merit & quality of academic performance.
Section 7. When mutual attraction develop to teacher & learner, the teacher shall
avoid scandal, gossip and preferential treatment of the learner.
Section 8. Not inflict corporal punishment nor make deductions to ratings.
Section 9. Contribute to maximum development of learners.

ARTICLE IX:
THE TEACHER AND PARENTS
Section 1. Establish and maintain cordial relations with parents, and
shall conduct himself to merit their confidence and respect.
Section 2. Inform parents of the progress and deficiencies of learner.
Section 3. A teacher shall hear parent complaints with sympathy.

ARTICLE X:
THE TEACHER AND BUSINESS
Section 1. A teacher has the right to engage in legitimate income
generation.
Section 2. Maintain good reputation with respect to the financial
matters.
Section 3. Not act in any commercial venture which furnish textbooks.

ARTICLE XI:
THE TEACHER AS A PERSON
Section 1. Highest obligation to live with dignity in all places at all
times.
Section 2. Self-respect, self-discipline as principle of personal
behaviour.
Section 3. Maintain dignified personality
Section 4. Always recognize the Almighty God as guide of his own
destiny.

ARTICLE XII:
DISCIPLINARY ACTION
Section 1. Violation shall be sufficient ground for :
revocation of license, suspension from the practice,
cancellation of temporary/special permit.

ARTICLE XIII:
EFFECTIVITY
Section 1. Effect upon approval of PRC – after sixty days
following publication.

THE RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF
TEACHERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

A. The 1987 Constitution (Article XIV: Education,
Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports)
 EDUCATION
Section 1 & 2: The state’s duties in promulgating the right of all citizens to
education at all levels
Section 3: All educational institutions shall include the study of the
Constitution as part of the curricula; inculcation of values (like patriotism);
the study of religion in public elementary and high schools within the
regular class hours.
Section 4: Provisions in the ownership of private educational institutions
Section 5: Encourage local planning in the development of educational
policies and programs; academic freedom; right of teachers to
professional advancement; highest budgetary priority to education.

 LANGUAGE
Section 6: The national language of the Philippines is Filipino; the use of
Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of
instruction.
Section 7: For purposes of communication and instruction, the official
languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by
law, English; regional languages are the auxiliary official languages; Spanish
and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Section 8: This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and
shall be translated into major regional languages, Arabic, and Spanish.
Section 9: The Congress shall establish a national language commission

 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Section 10: priority to research and development, invention, innovation,
and their utilization; and to science and technology education, training,
and services.
Section 11: The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax
deductions, to encourage private participation in programs of basic and
applied scientific research.
Section 12: The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the
adaptation of technology from all sources for the national benefit.
Section 13: The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights to the
citizen’s intellectual property and creations.

 ARTS AND CULTURE
Section 14: foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a
Filipino national culture
Section 15: conserve, promote, and popularize the nation’s historical and
cultural heritage and resources
Section 16: All the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the
cultural treasure of the nation and shall be under the protection of the State
Section 17: Recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural
communities
Section 18: Ensure equal access to cultural opportunities; encourage and
support researches and studies on the arts and culture.

 SPORTS
Section 19: promote physical education and encourage sports programs,
league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for
international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry;
educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout
the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors

B. Commonwealth Act No. 578
 an act to amend article one hundred fifty-two of the Revised Penal
Code, so as to include teachers, professors, and persons charged
with the supervision of public or duly recognized private schools,
colleges, and universities, within the term "persons in authority”

C. Republic Act No. 4670
(The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers)
 I. DECLARATION OF POLICY COVERAGE
Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy: to promote and improve the social and
economic status of public school teachers
Sec. 2. Title Definition: "teacher" shall mean all persons engaged in
classroom teaching, in any level of instruction, on full-time basis, including
guidance counselors, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational
instructors, and all other persons performing supervisory and/or
administrative functions in all schools, colleges and universities operated by
the Government or its political subdivisions; but shall not include school
nurses, school physicians, school dentists, and other school employees

 II. RECRUITMENT AND CAREER
Sec. 3. Recruitment and Qualification:
minimum educational qualifications for teacher-applicants:
(a) For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, Bachelor's degree in
Elementary Education (B.S.E.ED.);
(b) For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor's degree in Education or its
equivalent with a major and a minor; or a Bachelor's degree in Arts or Science
with at least eighteen professional units in Education;
(c) For teachers of secondary vocational and two years technical courses,
Bachelor's degree in the field of specialization with at least eighteen professional
units in education;
(d) For teachers of courses on the collegiate level, other than vocational, master's
degree with a specific area of specialization

Sec. 4. Probationary Period: a period of probation for not less than one year
from and after the date of his provisional appointment
Sec. 5. Tenure of Office: teachers appointed on a provisional status for lack
of necessary civil service eligibility shall be extended permanent
appointment for the position he is holding after having rendered at least ten
years of continuous, efficient and faithful service in such position
Sec. 6. Consent for Transfer Transportation Expenses: No teacher shall be
transferred without his consent from one station to another. No transfers
whatever shall be made three months before any local or national election.
Necessary transfer expenses of the teacher and his family shall be paid for
by the Government if his transfer is finally approved.

Sec. 7. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers.
Sec. 8. Safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure:
a. the right to be informed, in writing, of the charges;
b. the right to full access to the evidence in the case;
c. the right to defend himself and to be defended by a representative
of his choice and/or by his organization, adequate time being given
to the teacher for the preparation of his defense; and
d. the right to appeal to clearly designated authorities.

Sec. 9. Administrative Charges: Series of hearing will be conducted
within the division (by a committee composed of the Superintendent or
duly authorized representative) where the teacher charged is under. If
the school superintendent is the complainant or an interested party, all
the members of the committee shall be appointed by the Secretary of
Education.
Sec. 10. No Discrimination. There shall be no discrimination whatsoever in
entrance to the teaching profession, or during its exercise, or in the
termination of services, based on other than professional consideration.

Sec. 11. Married Teachers. Whenever possible, the proper authorities
shall take all steps to enable married couples, both of whom are public
school teachers, to be employed in the same locality.
Sec. 12. Academic Freedom. Teachers shall enjoy academic freedom in
the discharge of their professional duties, particularly with regard to
teaching and classroom methods.

 III. HOURS OF WORK AND REMUNERATION
Sec. 13. Teaching Hours: No more than six hours of actual classroom
teaching a day; any teacher may be required to render more than six
hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual classroom teaching a day
upon payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his
regular remuneration plus at least twenty-five per cent of his basic pay.
Sec. 14. Additional Compensation: any other activities outside of what is
defined as normal duties of any teacher shall be paid an additional
compensation of at least twenty-five per cent of his regular
remuneration

Sec. 15. Criteria for Salaries:
(a)they shall compare favorably with those paid in other occupations
requiring equivalent or similar qualifications, training and abilities;
(b)they shall be such as to insure teachers a reasonable standard of life
for themselves and their families; and
(c)they shall be properly graded so as to recognize the fact that certain
positions require higher qualifications and greater responsibility than
others

Sec. 16. Salary Scale. Salary scales of teachers shall provide for a
gradual progression from a minimum to a maximum salary by means of
regular increments, granted automatically after three years. Provided,
That the efficiency rating of the teacher concerned is at least
satisfactory. The progression from the minimum to the maximum of the
salary scale shall not extend over a period of ten years.
Sec. 17. Equality in Salary Scales. The salary scales of teachers whose
salaries are appropriated by a city, municipal, municipal district, or
provincial government, shall not be less than those provided for
teachers of the National Government.

Sec. 18. Cost of Living Allowance.
Sec. 19. Special Hardship Allowances. In areas in which teachers are exposed
to hardship such as difficulty in commuting to the place of work or other
hazards peculiar to the place of employment; equivalent to at least twenty-
five per cent of their monthly salary
Sec. 20. Salaries to be Paid in Legal Tender.
Sec. 21. Deductions Prohibited. No person shall make any deduction
whatsoever from the salaries of teachers except under specific authority of law
authorizing such deductions: (1) lawful dues and fees owing to the Philippine
Public School Teachers Association, and (2) premiums properly due on
insurance policies, shall be considered deductible.

 IV. HEALTH MEASURES AND INJURY BENEFITS
Sec. 22. Medical Examination and Treatment. Compulsory medical
examination shall be provided free of charge for all teachers before
they take up teaching, and shall be repeated not less than once a year
during the teacher's professional life.
Sec. 23. Compensation For Injuries. Teachers shall be protected against
the consequences of employment injuries in accordance with existing
laws. The effects of the physical and nervous strain on the teacher's
health shall be recognized as a compensable occupational disease in
accordance with existing laws.

 V. LEAVE AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Sec. 24. Study Leave. not exceeding one school year after seven years
of service; During the period of such leave, the teachers shall be entitled
to at least sixty per cent of their monthly salary.
Sec. 25. Indefinite Leave. when the nature of the illness demands a long
treatment that will exceed one year at the least.
Sec. 26. Salary Increase upon Retirement. given one range salary raise
upon retirement, which shall be the basis of the computation of the
lump sum of the retirement pay and the monthly benefits thereafter.

 VI. TEACHER'S ORGANIZATION
Sec. 27. Freedom to Organize. establish and to join organizations of their choosing
Sec. 28. Discrimination Against Teachers Prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any person to
commit any acts of discrimination against teachers which are calculated to
(a) make the employment of a teacher subject to the condition that he shall not join an
organization, or shall relinquish membership in an organization,
(b) to cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by reason of his membership in
an organization or because of participation in organization activities outside school hours,
or with the consent of the proper school authorities, within school hours, and
(c) to prevent him from carrying out the duties laid upon him by his position in the
organization, or to penalize him for an action undertaken in that capacity.
Sec. 29. National Teacher's Organizations. shall be consulted in the formulation of national
educational policies and professional standards

 VII. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
 Sec. 30. Rules and Regulations. The Secretary of Education shall formulate and
prepare the necessary rules and regulations to implement the provisions of this
Act; shall take effect thirty days after publication in a newspaper of general
circulation
 Sec. 31. Budgetary Estimates. The Secretary of Education shall submit to Congress
annually the necessary budgetary estimates to implement the provisions of the Act
 Sec. 32. Penal Provision.
 Sec. 33. Repealing Clause.
 Sec. 34. Separability Clause.
 Sec. 35. This Act shall take effect upon its approval

CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT

A. Presidential Decree No. 1006
Section 1. TITLE. This Decree shall be known as Decree Professionalizing
Teaching.
Section 2. DECLARATION OF POLICY. It is hereby declared a policy that
teacher education shall be given primary concern and attention by the
government and shall be of the highest quality.
Section 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Teaching- refers to the profession primarily concerned with the classroom
instruction.
 Teacher- refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and
secondary levels.
 Board- refers to the National Board for Teachers duly constituted under
this Decree.

Section 4. CREATION OF THE NATIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHERS.
Section 5. POWERS AND DUTIES
 Appoint a set of examiners for every examination who will determine and prepare the
contents of the Board examination for teachers.
 Determine and fix the places and dates of examination, appoint supervisors and room
examiners from among the employees of the Government;
 Look from time to time into the conditions affecting the practice of the teaching profession;
 Issue, suspend, revoke, replace, or reissue Professional Teachers Certificate, and administer
oaths.
1.) Secretary of Education and Culture Co-Chairman
2.) Chairman, Civil Service Commission Co-Chairman
3.) Commissioner, Professional Regulations Commission Member
4.) Two members representing the private sector to be appointed by the President Member

Section 6. QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXAMINATION APPLICANT
 The applicant must be a citizen of the Philippines;
 That he is of good moral character;
 That he is free from any physical or mental defect; and
 That he possesses the following minimum educational qualifications:
 For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, BEEd or its equivalent;
 For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor’s degree in Education or its
equivalent with a major and minor, or a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Sciences
with at least 18 units in professional education; and
 For teachers of secondary vocational and 2-year technical courses, Bachelor’s
degree in the field of specialization with at least 18 units in professional
education.

Section 7. APPOINTMENT OF EXAMINER. Appointed examiners of the Boards
are recognized authority in teacher education. The examiner shall receive a
compensation provided in addition to his salary.
Section 8. SCOPE OF THE EXAMINATION. Written tests determined by the
Board.
Section 9. RATINGS IN THE EXAMINATION. At least 70% in all subjects with no
rating below 50% in any subject.
Section 10. REPORT OF THE RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. 150 days after the last
day of the examination, unless extended by the board.
Section 11. ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE. The Board may consider the
certificates of rating as certificates of eligibility or issue an entirely new
certificate upon registration of the teacher and payment of the
corresponding fees.

Section 12. REGISTRATION. Registration shall evidence that the registrant is
entitled to all the rights and privileges of a Professional Teacher until and
unless the certificate is suspended or canceled by the Board for just cause.
Section 13. REISSUANCE OF REVOKED CERTIFICATES AND REPLACEMENT OF
LOST CERTIFICATES. A new certificate to replace a lost, destroyed or
mutilated certificate may be issued subject to the rules of the Board.
Section 14. REGISTRATION BY RECIPROCITY. The applicant shall submit
competent and conclusive documentary evidence, confirmed by the
Department of Foreign Affairs, showing that his country’s existing laws permit
citizens of the Philippines to practice teaching profession under the rules and
regulations governing citizens

Section 15. PROHIBITION. No person shall engage in teaching and/or
act as a teacher unless he is holder of a Professional Teacher
Certificate or is considered a Professional Teacher under this Decree.
Section 16. PENAL PROVISION. A fine of not less than 1,000 pesos nor
more than 5,000 pesos with an imprisonment of not less than 6 months
nor more than 2 years, or both such fine an imprisonment at the
discretion of the Court.
Section 17. REPEALING CLAUSE.
Section 18. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.
Section 19. EFFECTIVITY. This Decree shall take effect January 1, 1977.

B. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7836
Section 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the “Philippine
Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994.”
Sec. 2. Statement of Policy. — The State recognizes the vital role of
teachers in nation-building and development through a responsible
and literate citizenry. Towards this end, the State shall ensure and
promote quality education by proper supervision and regulation of
the licensure examination and professionalization of the practice of
the teaching profession.

Sec. 3. Objectives. — This Act has the herein objectives:
(a) The promotion, development and professionalization of teachers and the teaching
profession; and
(b) The supervision and regulation of the licensure examination.
Sec. 4. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall mean:
(a) “Teaching” — refers to the profession concerned primarily with classroom instruction, at
the elementary and secondary levels in accordance with the curriculum prescribed by
the Department of Education, Culture and Sports, whether on part-time or full-time basis
in the private or public schools
(b) “Teachers” — refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and
secondary levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis, including industrial arts or
vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative
functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and qualified to practice teaching under this
Act.
(c) “Board” — refers to the Board for Professional Teachers duly established and constituted
under this Act.
(d) “Commission” — refers to the Professional Regulation Commission.

ARTICLE II. BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
Sec. 5. Creation and Composition of the Board.
Sec. 6. Duties and Function of the Board.
Sec. 7. Term of Office.
Sec. 8. Qualification of Board Members.
Sec. 9. Compensation of the Board.
Sec. 10. Supervision of the Board and Custodian of its Records.
Sec. 11. Secretariat and Support Services.
Sec. 12. Removal of a Board Member.

ARTICLE III. EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
Sec. 13. Examination, Registration and License Required. undergo a written
examination which shall be given at least once a year ; A valid certificate of
registration and a valid professional license from the Commission are
required before any person is allowed to practice as a professional teacher
in the Philippines
Sec. 14. Scope of Examination. — The examinations for the elementary and
secondary school teachers shall be separate. The examination for teachers
in the elementary level shall consist of two (2) parts, namely: professional
education and general education. The examination for teachers in the
secondary level shall consist of three (3) parts, namely: professional
education, general education, and field of specialization.

Sec. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. — No applicant shall be
admitted to take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the
application, he shall have complied with the following requirements:
(a) A citizen of the Philippines or an alien whose country has reciprocity
with the Philippines in the practice of the teaching profession;
(b) At least eighteen (18) years of age;
(c) In good health and of good reputation with high moral values;
(d) Has not been convicted by final judgment by a court for an offense
involving moral turpitude;

Sec. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants.
(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the government
and possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as follows:
(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor’s degree in early childhood
education (BECED) or its equivalent;
(2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor’s degree in elementary
education (BSEED) or its equivalent;
(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor’s degree in education or
its equivalent with a major and minor, or a bachelor’s degree in arts and sciences
with at least ten (10) units in professional education; and
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelor’s
degree in the field of specialization or its equivalent, with at least eighteen (18)
units in professional education.

Sec. 16. Report of the Results of the Examination. within one hundred twenty
(120) days after the examination
Sec. 17. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional License. —
The registration of a professional teacher commences from the date his
name is enrolled in the roster of professional teachers.
A professional license signed by the chairman of the Commission and
bearing the registration number and date of issuance thereof and the
month of expiry or renewability shall likewise be issued to every registrant
who has paid the annual registration fees for three (3) consecutive years.
This license shall serve as evidence that the licensee can lawfully practice his
profession until the expiration of its validity.

Sec. 18. Oath Before Practice. — Every registrant shall be required to take his
professional oath before practicing as a professional teacher.
Sec. 19. Periodic Merit Examination of Teachers. — To encourage continuing
professional growth and development and to provide additional basis for
merit promotion, in addition to their performance rating, teachers may take
an oral and written examination at least once in five (5) years as basis for
merit promotion. In taking this examination, no fee shall be required.
Sec. 20. Failure to Pass the Merit Examination. — If a teacher fails to pass the
merit examination, he or she shall be allowed to take the examination for a
second time. Should he or she fail to pass the merit examination for the
second time, then he or she shall be required to take a DECS accredited
refresher course or program before being allowed to retake the
examination.

Sec. 21. Incentives. — Teachers who pass the merit examination shall:
(a) Be awarded a diploma of merit by the Board;
(b) Earn merit points for purposes of promotion in salary or to a
higher position or grade level;
(c) Be placed in the priority list for government scholarship; and
(d) Enjoy such other benefits as may be promulgated by the Board.
Similar incentives shall be given to teachers who make inventions,
develop new methods of teaching, write a book or books and create
works of artistic merit.

Sec. 22. Integration of the Teaching Profession. — The teaching
profession shall be integrated into one national organization which
shall be recognized by the Board and the Commission as the one and
only integrated and accredited association of professional teachers.

Sec. 23. Revocation of the Certificate of Registration, Suspension from the
Practice of the Teaching Profession, and Cancellation of Temporary or
Special Permit.
causes:
(a) Conviction for any criminal offense by a court of competent
jurisdiction;
(b) Immoral, unprofessional or dishonorable conduct;
(c) Declaration by a court of competent jurisdiction for being mentally
unsound or insane;
(d) Malpractice, gross incompetence, gross negligence or serious
ignorance of the practice of the teaching profession;

Sec. 23. Revocation of the Certificate of Registration, Suspension from the Practice of
the Teaching Profession, and Cancellation of Temporary or Special Permit.
causes:
(e) The use of or perpetration of any fraud or deceit in obtaining a certificate of
registration, professional license or special/temporary permit;
(f) Chronic inebriety or habitual use of drugs;
(g) Violation of any of the provisions of this Act, the rules and regulations and other
policies of the Board and the Commission, and the code of ethical and professional
standards for professional teachers; and
(h) Unjustified or willful failure to attend seminars, workshops, conferences and the
like or the continuing education program prescribed by the Board and the
Commission.

Sec. 24. Registration by Reciprocity. — No teacher of a foreign
nationality shall be admitted to the examination, or be given a
certificate of registration or be entitled to any of the rights and
privileges provided under this Act; unless the country or state of which
he is a subject permits Filipino professional teachers to practice within
its territorial limits on the same basis as subjects or citizens of said
country or state.

Sec. 25. Roster of Professional Teachers. — A roster of professional
teachers containing the names and addresses of professional
teachers, date of registration or issuance of certificate, and other
data which in the opinion of the Board may appear pertinent shall be
maintained.

Sec. 26. Registration and Exception. — Two (2) years after the
effectivity of this Act, no person shall engage in teaching and/or act
as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the
preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless he is a duly
registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of
registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a valid
special/temporary permit.

Sec. 26. Registration and Exception.
Upon approval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees, the certificate of
registration and professional license as a professional teacher shall be issued without examination
as required in this Act to a qualified applicant, who at the time of the approval of this Act, is:
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service Commission
and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports; or
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1006; or
(c) Not qualified under paragraphs one and two but with any of the following qualifications. to
wit:
(1) An elementary or secondary teacher for five (5) years in good standing and a holder of
Bachelor of Science in Education or its equivalent; or
(2) An elementary or secondary teacher for three (3) years in good standing and a holder
of a master’s degree in education or its equivalent.

ARTICLE IV. PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRACTICE OF THE TEACHING
PROFESSION
Sec. 27. Inhibition Against the Practice of the Teaching Profession. No
person shall practice or offer to practice the teaching profession in
the Philippines or be appointed as teacher to any position calling for
a teaching position without having previously obtained a valid
certificate of registration and a valid professional license from the
Commission.

PROFESSION
Sec. 28. Penal Provisions. . — The following shall be punishable by a fine of
not less than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) nor more than Twenty
thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or imprisonment of nor less than six (6) months
nor more than five (5) years, or both, at the discretion of the court:
(a) Any person who practices the teaching profession in the Philippines
without being certified in accordance with the provisions of this Act;
(b) Any person who represents or attempts to use as his own certificate
of registration that of another;

ARTICLE IV. PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRACTICE OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION
Sec. 28. Penal Provisions.
(c) Any person who gives any false, or fraudulent evidence of any kind to the Board or
any member thereof in obtaining a certificate of registration as teacher;
(d) Any person who impersonates any registrant of the same or different name;
(e) Any person who uses a revoked or suspended certificate of registration;
(f) Any person who, in connection with his name, otherwise assumes, uses or advertises
any title or description tending to convey or conveys the impression that he is a teacher
without holding a valid certificate; and
(g) Any person who violates or who abets the violation of any of the provisions of this
Act.

ARTICLE IV. PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRACTICE OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION
Sec. 29. Appropriations. — Such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of
this Act shall be included in the 1996 General Appropriations Act and thereafter.
Sec. 30. Implementing Guidelines. — The Board shall formulate and adopt the necessary
guidelines for the effective implementation of the provisions of this Act within sixty (60)
days of its approval.
Sec. 31. Transitory Provision. — All incumbent teachers in both the public and private
sector not otherwise certified as professional teachers by virtue of this Act, shall be given
(5) years temporary certificates from the time the Board for Professional Teachers is
organized within which to qualify as required by this Act and be included in the roster of
professionals.

PROFESSION
Sec. 32. Separability Clause.
Sec. 33. Repealing Clause.
Sec. 34. Effectivity Clause.
Signed: December 16, 1994

C. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9293
“AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN SECTIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED
SEVENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIX (R.A. NO. 7836), OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE “PHILIPPINE TEACHERS PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT OF
1994”

SECTION 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants. – No applicant shall be
admitted to take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the application, he
shall have complied with the following requirements:
(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the government
and possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as follows:
 (1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor’s degree in early childhood education
(BECED) or its equivalent;
 (2) For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor’s degree in elementary
education (BSEED) or its equivalent;
 (3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor’s degree in education or its
equivalent with a major and minor, or a bachelor degree in arts and sciences
with at least eighteen (18) units in professional education; and
 (4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelor’s
degree in the field of specialization or its equivalent, with at least eighteen (18)
units in professional education.”

SECTION 26. Registration and Exception. Upon approval of the application and
payment of the prescribed fees, the certificate of registration and professional
license as a professional teacher shall be issued without examination as required in
this Act to a qualified applicant, who is:
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service
Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports; or
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presidential Decree
No. 1006.
Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past five (5)
years shall take at least twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of at least
six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of content courses, or the equivalent
training and number of hours, to be chosen from a list of courses to be provided by
the Board and the Department of Education, before they can be allowed to
practice their profession in the country.

SECTION 26. Registration and Exception.
Those who have failed the licensure examination for professional
teachers, with a rating of not lower than five percentage points from
the passing general average rating, shall be eligible as para-teachers
upon issuance by the Board of a two-year special permit, renewable
for a non-extendible period of two (2) years. The para-teachers shall
be assigned to areas where there is a shortage or absence of a
professional teacher, as identified and provided by the Department
of Education and the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM) education department to the Board for professional teachers
and to the Commission. The special permit shall indicate the area of
assignment of the para-teacher.

SECTION. 31. Transitory Provision. – Special permits, with a validity of
three (3) and five (5) years, issued to para-teachers by the Board for
Professional Teachers before the effectivity of this Act shall be allowed
to expire based on the period granted therein: Provided, That only
special permits with a validity of three (3) years may be renewed
upon expiration for a non-extendible period of two (2) years.”

Philippine Professional
Standards for Teachers (PPST)

Philippine Professional Standards for
Teachers (PPST)
 built on NCBTS, complements the reform initiatives on teacher
quality from pre-service education to in-service training
 articulates what constitutes teacher quality in the K to 12 Reform
 become a public statement of professional accountability that can
help teachers reflect on and assess their own practices as they
aspire for personal growth and professional development

Quality teachers in the Philippines need to
possess the following characteristics:
 recognize the importance of mastery of content knowledge and its
interconnectedness within and across curriculum areas
 provide learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive in order to
promote learner responsibility and achievement
 establish learning environments that are responsive to learner diversity
 interact with the national and local curriculum requirements
 apply a variety of assessment tools and strategies in monitoring, evaluating,
documenting and reporting learners’ needs, progress and achievement
 establish school-community partnerships aimed at enriching the learning environment,
as well as the community’s engagement in the educative process
 value personal growth and professional development and exhibit high personal
regard for the profession by maintaining qualities that uphold the dignity of teaching

Domain 1: Content Knowledge and Pedagogy
Domain 2: Learning Environment
Domain 3: Diversity of Learners
Domain 4: Curriculum and Planning
Domain 5: Assessment and Reporting
Domain 6: Community Linkages and Professional
Engagement
Domain 7: Personal Growth and Professional
Development
7 Domains
of PPST

Domain 1, Content Knowledge and
Pedagogy
Domain 2, Learning
Environment
Domain 3, Diversity of Learners
✓ Content knowledge and its
application within and across
curriculum areas
✓ Research-based knowledge and
principles of teaching and
learning
✓ Positive use of ICT
✓ Strategies for promoting literacy
and numeracy
✓ Strategies for developing critical
and creative thinking, as well as
other higher-order thinking skills
✓ Mother Tongue, Filipino and
English in teaching and learning
✓ Classroom communication
strategies
✓ Learner safety and security
✓ Fair learning environment
✓ Management of classroom
structure and activities
✓ Support for learner
participation
✓ Promotion of purposive
learning
✓ Management of learner
behavior
✓ Learners’ gender, needs,
strengths, interests and
experiences
✓ Learners’ linguistic, cultural,
socio-economic and religious
backgrounds
✓ Learners with disabilities,
giftedness and talents
✓ Learners in difficult
circumstances
✓ Learners from indigenous
groups

Domain 4, Curriculum
and Planning
Domain 5, Assessment
and Reporting
Domain 6, Community
Linkages and Professional
Engagement
Domain 7, Personal
Growth and Professional
Development
✓ Planning and
management of
teaching and
learning process
✓ Learning outcomes
aligned with
learning
competencies
✓ Relevance and
responsiveness of
learning programs
✓ Professional
collaboration to
enrich teaching
practice
✓ Teaching and
learning resources
including ICT
✓ Design, selection,
organization and
utilization of assessment
strategies
✓ Monitoring and
evaluation of learner
progress and
achievement
✓ Feedback to improve
learning
✓ Communication of
learner needs, progress
and achievement to
key stakeholders
✓ Use of assessment data
to enhance teaching
and learning practices
and programs
✓ Establishment of
learning environments
that are responsive to
community contexts
✓ Engagement of
parents and the wider
school community in
the educative process
✓ Professional ethics
✓ School policies and
procedures
✓ Philosophy of
teaching
✓ Dignity of teaching as
a profession
✓ Professional links with
colleagues
✓ Professional reflection
and learning to
improve practice
✓ Professional
development goals

Career Stage 1 or Beginning Teachers
• gained the qualifications recognized for entry
into the teaching profession
• possess the requisite knowledge, skills and
values
•seek advice from experienced colleagues
Career Stage 2 or Proficient Teachers
• professionally independent in the application
of skills vital to the teaching and learning
process
• provide focused teaching programs
• display skills in planning, implementing, and
managing learning programs
• reflective practitioners
Career Stage 3 or Highly Proficient Teachers
•consistently display a high level of
performance in their teaching practice
•manifest an in-depth and sophisticated
understanding of the teaching and learning
process
•high education-focused situation cognition
•continually seek to develop their professional
knowledge and practice by reflecting on
their own needs, and those of their
colleagues and students
Career Stage 4 or Distinguished Teachers
• embody the highest standard for teaching
grounded in global best practices
• exhibit exceptional capacity to improve their
own teaching practice and that of others
• leaders in education
• create lifelong impact in the lives of
colleagues, students and others
• consistently seek professional advancement
and relevance in pursuit of teaching quality
and excellence

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