I. The Philippine education system has evolved over centuries under different regimes, with the goals of education changing to suit the priorities of each ruling power. II. During Spanish rule from 1521-1898, education was formalized and aimed at promoting Christianity and the Spanish language. Under the Americans from 1898-1946, education became secular and focused on teaching democratic ideals and citizenship. III. The Japanese briefly controlled the Philippines from 1941-1944 and sought to cut dependence on Western nations while promoting Asian solidarity, vocational education, and the Japanese language. Each regime left lasting impacts but the system continued developing to serve the nation's needs.

1. ORGANIZATION AND
STRUCTURE OF THE
PHILIPPINE EDUCATION
SYSTEM

2. Philippine Education then and now
• Pre-Spanish Time
• Spanish Regime
• American Regime
• Japanese Regime
• Philippine Education under the New Society
• Philippine Education under the Present
System

3. PRE – SPANISH
TIME
BEFORE 1521

4. Educational System/
Curriculum
• Informal
• Unstructured
• Devoid of methods

5. Content of Education
• broad, indefinite and unwritten;
• unstructured;
research later shows Filipinos
already have their own
"baybayin" alphabet because of
ALIBATA

6. Ancient Writing System
ALIBATA
The existence of ALIBATA is one of the evidences of civilization.

7. Summary
I. Education Types
•Informal education
•Practical training
•Theoretical training

8. Summary
II. Educational Methods
•Show and tell
•Observation
•Trial and error
•Imitation

9. Summary
III. Educational
Aims
•Survival
•Conformity
•Enculturation

10. SPANISH PERIOD
( 1565 – 1898 )

11. Educational System/ Curriculum
• Formal and Organized
• Religion-oriented education
• Spanish missionaries as tutors
• Spanish language –compulsory
• Teach catechism to the natives
• Christian doctrine, prayers, and sacred
songs

12. Educational System/ Curriculum
• 3R’s were only given to brighter pupils
• Inadequate education
(suppressed/limited/controlled)
• Education is a privilege not a right
• Education for the elite
• Controlled by friars
READ WRITE ARITHMETIC

13. Major Problems
• Lack of trained teachers
• Lack of teachers
(150 teacher-missionaries to instruct over half a
million inhabitants)
• Lack of funds, instructional materials, and in
many instances school houses

14. Because of need, higher level
schools were established much later
by virtue of royal decrees.
•Colegios
•Beaterios
- house inhabited by pious women or an
institution for religious women.

15. Structure
CHURCH
PARISH PRIEST
PRAYLE / FRIARS
STUDENTS ELITE FAMILY

16. Jan 1, 1863 : Educational Decree of 1863
• Access to education by the Filipinos was later
liberalized through the enactment of the Educational
Decree of 1863
• Provided for the establishment of at least one primary
school for boys and girls in each town under the
responsibility of the municipal government;
• Establishment of a normal school for male teachers
under the supervision of the Jesuits.
• The Spanish schools started accepting Filipino
students.

17. Subjects: Based on the Royal Decree of
1863
• Languages (Latin, Spanish grammar and literature,
elementary Greek, French and English)
• History (Universal, Spanish)
• Mathematics(Arithmetic, Algebra, Trigonometry,
Geometry)
• Philosophy(Rhethoric, Logic, Ethics)
• Geography
• Pshychology

18. Philippine Revolution
I. Illustrados spearheaded the Propaganda
Movement
II. Curricular reforms
1. Secularization of education
2. Instruction of Spanish
3. Greater attention to natural science
4. The design of a relevant curriculum
5. Improvement of higher centers of learning
6. Improvement of educational system

19. Philippine Revolution
III. Jose Rizal criticized unequivocally the friars’
method of instruction in his two novels Noli
Me Tangere and El filibusterismo
1. Disproportionate focus on religion
2. Discourage the attempt of Filipino
students to speak in Spanish
3. Lack of pedagogical skills
4. Irrelevant courses in the curriculum

20. Curriculum
To improve the existing curriculum, Rizal
considered the ff. Subjects as required
courses in secondary schools
Science Math
History Philosophy
Law Language
P.E Religion
Music Social Sciences

21. Jan 1, 1565
Parochial Schools
Rise of parochial schools started by the
Agustinians and later by other religious
Spanish orders. among the 1st schools are
• Colegio de San Ignacio (1589),
• Beaterio de Sta. Potenciana (1st only-girls
school in 1594)
• UST (1611)

22. UST was the only institution of higher learning offering
courses such as medicine, pharmacy, midwifery and law

23. Structure
SPANISH GOVERNMENT
MUNICIPAL
GOVERMENT
TEACHERS ( under
JESUITS )
BOY
STUDENTS
GIRL
STUDENTS

24. SUMMARY
RELIGION EDUCATION
Spanish language is free and compulsory.
Reading + Writing + Catechism

25. SUMMARY
I. Educational Aims
• To promote
Christianity
• Promotion of
Spanish language
• Imposition of
Spanish culture
II. Educational Types
•Formal education
•Religious Education
•Catechism
•Doctrine
•Vocational course

26. SUMMARY
III. Education Methods
•Dictation
•Memorization
•Moro-Moro/cenaculo
•Theater presentation

27. FIRST REPUBLIC
( 1898 – 1901 )
1899 Malolos Constitution – Article XIV

28. First Republic Education was;
Education
• priority during the
Malolos Republic.
August 29, 1898
• schools were re-
opened by the
Secretary of the
Interior.
General Aguinaldo (seated, center) and ten of the
delegates to the first assembly that passed the
Constitution, in the Barasoain Church, Malolos
(Taken December 8, 1929)

29. Established:
•Free and compulsory primary education
• Secondary Education
− Burgos Institute in
Malolos.
• Tertiary Education
− Literary University in
the Philippines
(October 1898).

30. EDUCATIONAL AIM:
Love for country and of God.

31. Educational Highlights
• Curricular reforms
• Secularization of education
• Greater attention to natural science
• The design of a relevant curriculum
• Improvement of higher centers of learning
• Improvement of educational system
• Disproportionate focus on religion
• Discourage the attempt of Filipino students to speak in
Spanish
• Lack of pedagogical skills
• Irrelevant courses in the curriculum

32. AMERICAN
PERIOD
( 1901 – 1935 )

33. Educational Aims
Training Filipinos in;
• Democratic way of life
• Citizenship
• Moral Character
• Vocational Education

34. Glimpse from the Past
American Expeditionary forces were
sent to Philippines with a mission to
destroy the Spanish Armada in Manila
Bay as part of the strategy to defeat the
Spaniards in the Spanish American War
ranging at that time in Cuba.

35. Spanish Armada

36. Glimpse from the Past
The Americans won, and on the
Treaty of Paris on December10,
1898, the Philippines was ceded
to the United State by the
Spanish for the paltry sum of US
$20 million.

37. Educational System
1898
• American
occupied Manila
• Re-opened
schools where in
the American
soldiers were the
first teachers.

38. Educational System
• Thomasites heralding the institution of
English as the new medium of instruction.
• Public school system was instituted making
it obligatory for all children.
• Education was given for free.
• English and Mathematics dominated the
curriculum and the teaching of religion was
prohibited

39. The American Revised Curriculum
• The curriculum was based on the ideals and
traditions of American and her hierarchy of
values
• The primary curriculum prescribed in 1904
by the Americans for the Filipinos consisted
of three grades which provides training in
two aspects:

40. The American Revised Curriculum
1. Body Training that is
consist of singing,
drawing, hard word and
physical education
2. Mental Training that is
compose of English
(reading, writing,
conversation, phonetics
and spelling), nature
study and arithmetic

41. The American Devised Curriculum
• Americans discarded the
religious bias
• Educational Act of 1901-
Separation of Church
and State in education
• Encourage Filipino in the
field of teaching
• Outstanding Filipino
scholars were sent to US
to train as teachers

42. Most important Colleges during American rule
I. Public School
Philippine Normal School University of the Philippines

43. Most important Colleges during American rule
Centro Escolar de Señoritas
II. Private
School Siliman University
Philippine Women’s University

44. SUMMARY
I. Educational Aims
 To teach democracy
 Separation of church and
state
II. Educational Types
 Formal education
 First public school
 English language
 democracy

45. SUMMARY
III. Methods of Education
 Socialized recitation
 Participation
 Debate
 Game/playing
IV. Role of Teacher
 Teach concepts
 Develop the
rational mind
(ex. Debates,
empirical
evidences)

46. JAPANESE PERIOD
( 1941 – 1944 )

47. PHILOSOPHY
• Asia for Asians
• Philippines for the
Filipinos
• Asia is ONE

48. 6 basic principles of Japanese Education
1. Realization of NEW ORDER and promote friendly
relations between Japan and the Philippines to
the farthest extent
2. Foster a new Filipino culture based
3. Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving
up over emphasis of materialism
4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the
Philippines
5. Promotion of VOCATIONAL course
6. To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor

49. PROGRAMS
• Social sciences and literature
were de-emphasized
while vocational education and
service to the
country were given focus
• The use of Tagalog was
encouraged, especially in
literature.

50. • The military administration outlined the basic
principles of education in the Philippines. Some
of these included:
 Cut dependence on Western nations
 Foster a new Filipino culture
 Spread the Japanese language and end use of
English
 Focus of basic education and promote
vocational education
 Inspire people with love of labor

51. Jose P. Laurel Administration
 Created the National Education
Board to look into curriculum
changes and develop a more
relevant education program
 Advocated for the use of the
national language and the teaching
of Asian history and culture.
 Mandated that only Filipinos should
teach Filipino history.

52. Take Note!
• Spaniards Reign for
– 300 years
• Americans
– 50 years
• Japanese
– four years

54. Year Official Name of Department
Official Titular
Head
Legal Bases
1946-1947 Department of Instruction Secretary
Renamed by the Commonwealth
Government
1947-1975 Department of Education Secretary
E.O. No. 94 October 1947
(Reorganization Act of 1947)
1975-1978 Department of Education and Culture Secretary Proc. No. 1081, September 24, 1972
1978-1984 Ministry of Education and Culture Minister P.D. No. 1397, June 2, 1978
1984-1986
Ministry of Education, Culture and
Sports
Minister Education Act of 1982
1987-1994
Department of Education, Culture and
Sports
Secretary E.O. No. 117. January 30, 1987
1994-2001
Department of Education, Culture and
Sports
Secretary
RA 7722 and RA 7796, 1994
Trifocalization of Education
Management
2001 – present
Department of
Education
Secretary
RA 9155, August 2001
(Governance of Basic
Education Act)

55. GOVERNING BODIES
• In 1972, the department was renamed Department of
Education and Culture through Proc. 1081.
• Education Act of 1982 created Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sports (later renamed Department of
Education, Culture and Sports [DECS]).
• This led to creation of:

56. CURRICULAR PROGRAMS
• Vocation – Technical Education
• Early Childhood Education
• Formal Basic Education
• Tertiary or Higher
Education
ALS

57. Basic Education
• DECS now Department of Education (DepEd)
• Republic Act 9155 “Governance of the Basic
Education Act of 2001” spells out the
framework of basic education and renames
the institution as Department of Education.
– States that quality basic education is the right of
all citizens and therefore should be accessible to
all “by providing all Filipino children free and
compulsory education.
– It also underscores the inclusion of ALS for out-
of-school youth and adult learners.

58. Basic Education
• DepEd implemented the Revised Basic
Education Curriculum (RBEC) to decongest
the curriculum and give more time to English,
Math and Science.
• DepEd prepared the Education National
Development Plan for Children (ENDP),
2000-2025
– Aims to provide the focus for setting local as well
as national priorities in education.
– Considered key goals set forth at the Jomtien
Conference in 1990 to attain the goal of
Education for All (EFA).

59. Vocational-Technical Education
• Polytechnic Education System/Voc-Tech
education is under the supervision of
TESDA.
• TESDA was created through Republic Act
7796 in 1994.
• Envisioned to offer non-degree
programs that will prepare
middle-level personnel and para-
professionals for national
industries.

60. Tertiary and Higher Education
• Includes all post secondary courses
ranging from one-or two-year course to
the four-year degree and professional
programs, including graduate education
offered by colleges and universities.

61. OBJECTIVES
The overall societal goal is the attainment of
inclusive growth and sustainable
development while the higher education sub-
sector goals are: the formation of high-level
human resource, and generation,
adaptation, and transfer of knowledge and
technology for national development and
global competitiveness.

62. TRIFOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

63. TRIFOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Secretary Leonor Magtolis Briones

64. TRIFOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Secretary Guiling Mamondiong

65. TRIFOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Commissioner Dr. J. Prospero “Popoy” E. De Vera
III

67. COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION (CHED) STRATEGIC PLAN FOR 2011-2016, https://ched.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2017/08/CHED-Strategic-Plan-2011-2016.pdf, October 11, 2018
De Vera is CHED OIC, https://ched.gov.ph/blog/2018/01/26/de-vera-ched-oic/, October 10, 2018
Historical Perspective of the Philippine Educational System,
http://www.deped.gov.ph/about-deped/history/, October 7, 2018
Historical Perspective of Philippine Education System, https://www.slideshare.net/mskrabbs19/historical-perspective-in-
philippine-education, October 7, 2018
Historical Foundation of Philippine Education,
https://www.slideshare.net/mjlabog/historical-foundations-of-philippine-education. October 7, 2018
Secretary of Education (Philippines), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/secretary_of_education_(philippines), October 10, 2018
Secretary’s Corner, http://www.deped.gov.ph/secretarys-corner/, October 7, 2018
TESDA AT THE HELM OF A NEW LEADERSHIP: Secretary Guiling Mamondiong as new TESDA Director General,
https://www.tesda.gov.ph/Gallery/Details/7179, October 10, 2018
The Philippine Educational System, https://www.scholaro.com/ed/countries/philippines/education-system, October 7, 2018
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