The document summarizes the history of education in the Philippines from the pre-colonial period through the American period. During the pre-colonial period, education was informal and focused on vocational skills. The Spanish period introduced formal Catholic education to convert people and teach Spanish language and culture. Under the Americans, education became secular and focused on developing skills for citizenship, morality, and science/technology. The different periods brought changes to the aims, methods, and types of education in the Philippines.

1. History of Education in the Philippines
 Pre-Colonial Period
 Spanish Period
 First Republic
 Second Republic
 American Republic
 Third to Fifth Republic

2. Pre-Colonial Period
• education was decentralized
• children were provided with vocational training but little in
the way of traditional academics
• schools were supervised by parents, tribal tutors or those
for specific, specialized roles within their communities( ex.
the Babaylan)
*Babaylan refers to the pre-colonial Philippine tradition of female
mystical healers whose spiritual connectedness was a source of political and
social power.

3. Educational Aims:
• survival
• conformity
• enculturation - process where an individual learns the
traditional content of a culture and assimilates its
practices and values

4. Educational Methods:
• show and tell
• observation
• trial and error
• imitation

5. Educational types:
• informal education
• practical training
• theoretical training

6. • During the early years of
Spanish colonization, education
was mostly run by the Church.
Spanish friars and missionaries
educated the natives and converted
indigenous populations to the
Catholic faith
• Formal education was brought to
the Philippines
• School for boys and for girls were
opened.

7. • The Educational Decree of 1863 provided a free public education system in
the Philippines, managed by the government.
• The decree mandated
*the establishment of at leaast one primary school for boys and one for
girls in each town.
*the establisment of a normal school for male teachers under the
supervision of the Jesuits.
• Primary education was also declacred free and available to every Filip[ino,
regardless of race and social class and the teaching of Spanish was
compulsory.

8. Educational Aims:
• to promote Christianity
• Promotion of Spanish Language
• Imposition of Spanish culture

9. Educational Methods:
• Dictation
• Memorization
• Moro-moro/cenaculo
• Theater presentation

10. Educational Types:
• Formal Education
• Religious Education:Religion plus education
• Catechism
• Doctrine
• Vocational courses

11. Spanish Curriculum:
• 3R’s- reading, writing and religion
• schools were parochial and convent
• reading materials were the cartilla and the catecismo
• Subjects:
– Christian doctrine
– values
– history
– reading and writing in Spanish
– Mathematics
– Agriculture
– Etiquette
– Spanish History

12. Schools Built:
• Colegio de San Ignacio:1590-1768(Manila)- first college for boys
• Colegio de San Ildefonso:(1595- 1769)-It is claimed now as the
University of San Carlos (Cebu)
• Colegio de Sta. Potenciana (1589)- first college for girls
• Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santisimo Rosario(1611) -now the
University of Santo Tomas
• Colegio de San Juan de Letran(1620)- oldest college in the
Philippines
• Escuela Pia de Manila91859)- Ateneo de Manila

13. First Republic (1899-1901)
• The First Philippine Republic was formed after thePhilippine
Declaration of Independence and the events of the collapse of the
Spanish rule over the Philippines.
• The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries
were closed briefly, but were reopened on August 29,1898,by the
Secretary of Interiors.
• Article 23 of the Malolos Constitution mandated that public
education would be free and obligatory in all schools of the nation.
• Tagalog was established as the national language by the
Constitution of Biak-na-Bato.

14. Educational Aim:
• Love of Country and God
• Teach the duties of citizenship; and Develop moral
character, self-discipline, and scientific, technological
and vocational efficiency.
Highlights:
• curricular reforms
• secularization of education
• greater attention to natural science
• design of relevant curriculum
• improvement of higher centers of
learning
• improvement of educational system
• disproportionate focus on religion
• discourage the attempt of Filipino
students to speak in Spanish
• lack of pedagogical skills
• irrelevant courses in the curriculum

15. Schools Built:
• Instituto Burgos( Burgos Institute)
– country’s first law school
• Academia Militar(Phil.Military Academy)
– established by Aguinaldo to train great soldier of the republic
– country’s first military school
• Universidad de Literaria de Filipinas(Literary University of the Philippines)
– First Philippine state university
– provided courses in LAW, Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacyand Notarianship

16. American Period (1898-1946)
• There were three levels of education during the American
period. The "elementary" level consisted of four primary
years and 3 intermediate years. The "secondary" or high
school level consisted of four years; and the third was the
"college" or tertiary level. Religion was not part of the
curriculum of the schools.