The Al-Bahr Towers in Abu Dhabi feature a dynamic facade inspired by traditional Islamic mashrabiya wood lattice screens. The facade is made up of 2,000 umbrella-like transparent components on each tower that open and close in response to the sun's movement to reduce solar gain and glare. This dynamic shading system provides up to 50% reduction in solar heat gain and lowers energy consumption and carbon emissions. The towers were designed by Aedas Architects to achieve high environmental performance through passive design strategies like the innovative adaptive facade.
case studies of sustainable housing done in semester 1of masters of architecture under Chandigarh College of Architecture. socio-economic sustainability in housing design
Case Studies of Sustainable Office buildings, these both case studies are based on sustainable features adopted inorder to make the entire structure energy efficient as well as encourage work environment within the premises, i hope it helps out students of architecture, engineering backgrounds!!!...
Affordable housing programming for architecture - thesis projectGhassanAlhammadi1
Thesis project and programming for architecture urban farming and affordable housing that responds to the context and the housing crisis. By making work-live- and marketing activities in one city to reduce the use of viechles and make it self-sufficient. The goals to solve the housing crisis and food security in yemen
Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.
Auroville, City of dawn is located in state of Tamil Nadu, India, near Pondicherry in South India. .Auroville was founded as a project on experimental basis of the ‘Sri Arbindo Society’ on Wednesday 28 February 1968. The basic idea originated from Mirra Alfassa ‘The Mother ‘who was spiritually related to India.
Ma envisaged Auroville as an international township for 50,000 residents on the shape of a flower. Architect Roger Anger refined the planning and designed it in shape of Universe.He placed Matrimandir at the center of this city.
Mary Alfassa in her first message regarding the town stated that, "Auroville is meant to be a universal town where men and women of al countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony, above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities”
.
case studies of sustainable housing done in semester 1of masters of architecture under Chandigarh College of Architecture. socio-economic sustainability in housing design
Case Studies of Sustainable Office buildings, these both case studies are based on sustainable features adopted inorder to make the entire structure energy efficient as well as encourage work environment within the premises, i hope it helps out students of architecture, engineering backgrounds!!!...
Affordable housing programming for architecture - thesis projectGhassanAlhammadi1
Thesis project and programming for architecture urban farming and affordable housing that responds to the context and the housing crisis. By making work-live- and marketing activities in one city to reduce the use of viechles and make it self-sufficient. The goals to solve the housing crisis and food security in yemen
Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.
Auroville, City of dawn is located in state of Tamil Nadu, India, near Pondicherry in South India. .Auroville was founded as a project on experimental basis of the ‘Sri Arbindo Society’ on Wednesday 28 February 1968. The basic idea originated from Mirra Alfassa ‘The Mother ‘who was spiritually related to India.
Ma envisaged Auroville as an international township for 50,000 residents on the shape of a flower. Architect Roger Anger refined the planning and designed it in shape of Universe.He placed Matrimandir at the center of this city.
Mary Alfassa in her first message regarding the town stated that, "Auroville is meant to be a universal town where men and women of al countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony, above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities”
.
As the flagship project for the next downtown Boston neighborhood slated for growth, Atlantic Wharf will be the city of Boston’s first LEED Gold mixed-use development. CBT Architects presents a case study on this new one million square foot project that includes approximately 65 residential units, ground-level retail and public spaces, six stories of below-grade parking, and 31 floors of office space that will bring urban activity directly to the Fort Point Channel water’s edge.
The new sustainable development is at the base of a series of restored and renovated historic structures that preserve the texture and streetscape of this site, integrated with a modern highrise glass tower. By preserving the south and east façades of the historic warehouses, using a very energy-efficient curtainwall, and employing green roof technologies, Atlantic Wharf will be the a centerpiece of Boston's green development.
Passive solar design is an important feature in the design of this building.The planning and orientation of spaces and building blocks ensures glare free daylight in all regularly occupied spaces. All the linear blocks are oriented in the East-West direction with shorter facades facing the sun.
Most of the south west facing walls are kept blank in order to protect the building from the harsh south west solar radiations. Where the south west walls have openings, they are protected by means of pergolas or projecting balconies. The east, west and south facades of the building have minimum glazing.
Double skin façades. Almost a self-explanatory name for façade systems consisting of two layers, usually glass, wherein air flows through the intermediate cavity. This space (which can vary from 20 cm to a few meters) acts as insulation against extreme temperatures, winds, and sound, improving the building's thermal efficiency for both high and low temperatures.
Credit :
Danish Pathan
Imran Inamdar
Qais Patel
Simran Patel
Tehlil Tamboli
Afshan Saudagar
Ubed Ali Sayyed
Omkar Salkar
Taher Ajmerwala
Danish Sheikh
This is an Architectural case study on the Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT) building. Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This is done by an architecture student in semester 5.
Hereby, I tried to make a case study report on the mixed-use building, for the sake of my design development. I tried to choose futuristic development on the condition of present Bangladesh.
Hope this study will help anyone to gain an idea on Mixed-use building
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
As the flagship project for the next downtown Boston neighborhood slated for growth, Atlantic Wharf will be the city of Boston’s first LEED Gold mixed-use development. CBT Architects presents a case study on this new one million square foot project that includes approximately 65 residential units, ground-level retail and public spaces, six stories of below-grade parking, and 31 floors of office space that will bring urban activity directly to the Fort Point Channel water’s edge.
The new sustainable development is at the base of a series of restored and renovated historic structures that preserve the texture and streetscape of this site, integrated with a modern highrise glass tower. By preserving the south and east façades of the historic warehouses, using a very energy-efficient curtainwall, and employing green roof technologies, Atlantic Wharf will be the a centerpiece of Boston's green development.
Passive solar design is an important feature in the design of this building.The planning and orientation of spaces and building blocks ensures glare free daylight in all regularly occupied spaces. All the linear blocks are oriented in the East-West direction with shorter facades facing the sun.
Most of the south west facing walls are kept blank in order to protect the building from the harsh south west solar radiations. Where the south west walls have openings, they are protected by means of pergolas or projecting balconies. The east, west and south facades of the building have minimum glazing.
Double skin façades. Almost a self-explanatory name for façade systems consisting of two layers, usually glass, wherein air flows through the intermediate cavity. This space (which can vary from 20 cm to a few meters) acts as insulation against extreme temperatures, winds, and sound, improving the building's thermal efficiency for both high and low temperatures.
Credit :
Danish Pathan
Imran Inamdar
Qais Patel
Simran Patel
Tehlil Tamboli
Afshan Saudagar
Ubed Ali Sayyed
Omkar Salkar
Taher Ajmerwala
Danish Sheikh
This is an Architectural case study on the Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT) building. Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This is done by an architecture student in semester 5.
Hereby, I tried to make a case study report on the mixed-use building, for the sake of my design development. I tried to choose futuristic development on the condition of present Bangladesh.
Hope this study will help anyone to gain an idea on Mixed-use building
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
buildings rated by GRIHA and LEED, sustainable buildings around the wold, gre...DhvaniR2
nearly 10 building of India which are rated for green buildings in India by GRIHA and LEED India,
there is 10-10 buildings which are rated by GRIHA and LEED
there is detailed information of each buildings
inforamtion are in form of:
location,
master plans,
sustainavle factors,
unit plans, sections
construction diagrams
sustainable and green factors diagram which effect the building as a elements
Center of environmental science & engineering building IIT, Kanpur
Indian institute of management, Kozhikode
VVIP Circuit house, Pune
IIT, Kanpur
Titan new corporation building, Bangalore
Indira paryavaran bhavan
Teri building, Bangalore
this all are griha rated buildings
Infinity benchmark, Kolkata
CII, Hyderabad
DPR construction phoenix regional office, Arizona
Infosys limited, Mysore
this are the buildings of leed
This presentation gives an idea about the various types of intelligent envelopes used in the different types of buildings in different climatic conditions.
Sustainable Development in ArchitectureGargi Bhatele
The beginning of the presentation explains what is sustainable architecture, followed by case studies on examples of buildings built using sustainable architecture techniques. Buildings included in the presentation are, Oasia Hotel Singapore, ITC Maurya Hotel New Delhi, and Dixin Water Foundation Texas.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. AL-BAHAR
ABU-DHABI,UAE
ARCHITECT: Aedas Architects
CONSTRUCTION COMPANY: Al-Futtaim Carillion
FOUNDER: Council Investment Abu Dhabi
YEAR OF DESIGN: 2008
YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION: 2009-2012
ROOF HEIGHT: 145.1 m
TOP FLOOR HEIGHT: 120.0 m
FLOORS: 27 + 2 basement levels
LAND AREA: 100.080 m²
FLOOR AREA: 56.000 m²
1
4. SITE ANALYSIS
N
Entry/Exit
SITE PLANNING: TWO TWIN OFFICE TOWERS FACING SOUTH ARE PLACED ON SITE CONNECTED BY SKYWALK.
SITE CONDITION :VERY HOT CLIMATE SO NEED TO CONTROL TEMP., TOWERS PLACED FACING SOUTH FOR MAXIMUM
UTILISATION OF SOLAR ENERGY PRESENT IN ABUNDENCE.
3
5. PRINCIPLES
• DESIGN PRICNCIPLE IS TO ACHIEVE A PERFORMANCE ORIENTED, CULTURALLY
RELEVANT, TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED, AND AESTHETICALLY INTRIGUING
BUILDING.
PLANNING
• BASED ON SIX TANGENTIAL ARCS,TAKEN FROM
THREE INTERSECTING CIRCLES
• A PATTERN WHICH FORMS THE BASIS OF NEARLY
ALL GEOMETRIC CONFIGURATIONS KNOWN TO
THE REGION.
4
6. CONCEPT
• THE DESIGN CONCEPT IS BASED ON THE FUSION BETWEEN BIO-INSPIRATION, REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE,
AND PERFORMANCE-BASED TECHNOLOGY.
• CIRCLES AND ORBITS ARE USED TO REFLECT THE CONCEPT OF UNIFICATION AND UNITY EVIDENT IN
NATURE.
• THE DESIGN IS DRIVEN FROM ITS CONTEXT, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ENVIRONMENT, TRADITION, AND
TECHNOLOGY
• THIS INITIAL SKETCH ILLUSTRATES THE INTEGRATION OF THESE ELEMENTS. WHILE EACH DESIGN FEATURE
OF THE AL-BAHR TOWERS IS INFUSED WITH THIS BALANCE, THIS ARTICLE WILL FOCUS ON THE DYNAMIC
FACADE.
• PETER OBORN DESCRIBES THE BEGINNING OF THE AL-BAHR TOWERS DESIGN: “WE WANTED TO CREATE A
BUILDING WHICH WOULD SET NEW STANDARDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY, AND BEGAN TO
EXPLORE THE EMERGING FORM IN ORDER TO STUDY WHICH PARTS OF THE BUILDING WOULD REQUIRE
THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF SOLAR PROTECTIONWITH THE INTENTION THAT WE WOULD THEN DESIGN SOME
FORM OF ‘MASHRABIYA’ TO SCREEN THESE AREAS
BIO-INSPIRATION
• “TO ABSTRACT IDEAS FROM BIOLOGY AND TURN THEM INTO PRACTICAL ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS
REQUIRES ALL DISCIPLINES TO CONTRIBUTE.” (JOHN, CLEMENTS-CROOME & JERONIMIDIS, 2004)
• TO GATHER AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM AROUND COMMON DESIGN IDEAS WE FOUND REFERENCES IN
NATURE TO WHICH WE COULD ALL RELATE. FROM EARLY ON THE INTENTION WAS SET TO EXPLORE BIO-
INSPIRATION.
• GUIDINGEXAMPLES WERE DRAWN FROM THE FORMS OF CACTUS, PINEAPPLES, FLOWERS AND OTHER
NATURAL SYSTEMS.
• A CACTUS HAS UMBRELLA-LIKE FEATURES TO PROTECT ITS DELICATE WEATHER-TIGHT SKIN. FLOWERS
OPEN AND CLOSE IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING WEATHER CONDITIONS. THE PINEAPPLE’S HEXAGONAL
ENVELOPE COVERS A DOUBLE-CURVED SURFACE EFFICIENTLY. WE SOUGHT TO EMBODY THESE
ATTRIBUTES IN THE DESIGN OF THE TOWERS. 5
8. • THE DESIGN IS BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF ADAPTIVE FLOWERS AND THE
"MASHRABIYA" - A WOODEN LATTICE SHADING SCREEN
•A DYNAMIC AND SENSITIVE SHADING SCREEN ACTING AS'
MASHRABIYA “
•SECONDARY SKIN FILTERS THE LIGHT AND REDUCES GLARE.
•POWERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY DERIVED FROM
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS.
•WRAPS GIANT LATTICE ALMOST TWO TOWERS COMPLETELY
EXCEPT FOR THE AREA NORTH-FACING FACADES.
SCREENS
AL- BAHR TOWER SCREEN’S MODULE
DESIGN ELEMENTS
7
9. •THE DESIGN FOR THE PROJECT BEGAN WITH TWO SIMPLE CYLINDERS, BECAUSE THE CIRCULAR PLAN
GIVING THE MOST EFFICIENT FLOOR AREA USAGE WHILE ALSO CREATING THE GREATEST VOLUME WITH THE
LEAST SURFACE AREA WHICH WILL HIGHLY REDUCE THE SUN EXPOSURE SURFACE AREA .
FORM STRUCTURE ENVELOPE ADAPTIVE SOLUTION INTEGRATION
STRUCTURE
8
10. Roof mounted
Photovoltaic cells
Translucent Mashrabiya
appears cool and
crystalline
Sky Garden provides
natural cooling effect
Sky garden located in area
of Max. exposure to
reduce heat gain
Sky garden reflects courtyard
treatment provideing amenities space
for users
Hexagonal
geometry – Islamic
Architecture
Mashrabiya -
Makrana
Islamic device
creates a new
Vernacilar
Natural Optimised
form
Water feature to
maximise evaporate
cooling
Shading effect
similar to the
form of nature
Photovoltaic slopes
southwards to
maximise solar gain
like leaf
11. • THE TOWERS FEATURE A DYNAMIC, TRANSLUCENT FACADE THAT OPENS AND CLOSES IN RESPONSE TO THE
SUN'S MOVEMENT, REDUCING SOLAR GAIN ON THE FACADE BY UP TO 50%.
• THE FACADE IS INSPIRED BY "MASHRABIYA", A FORM OF WOODEN LATTICE SCREEN USED IN ISLAMIC
ARCHITECTURE AS A MEANS OF RETAINING PRIVACY WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY REDUCING GLARE AND
SOLAR GAIN.
• TRANSLUCENT, UMBRELLA-LIKE COMPONENTS MAKE UP THE FACADE; THERE ARE 2,000 OF THESE
"MASHRABIYA" COMPONENTS ON EACH TOWER.
THE INSPIRITION FOR THE FACADE
10
12. THE FACADE ACCORDING TO THE SUN PATH
HALF OPENFULLY CLOSED FULLY OPEN
GRADIENT BASED ON
SUN PATH11
13. •AS THE SUN RISES IN THE MORNING IN THE EAST, THE
MASHRABIYA ALONG THIS SIDE OF THE BUILDING WILL BEGIN TO
CLOSE, AND WHEN THE SUN MOVES AROUND THE BUILDING, ALL
VERTICAL STRIP MASHRABIYA MOVE WITH THE SUN.
•AT NIGHT ALL SCREENS FOLD, ALLOWING MORE OF THE FACADE.
AL BAHR TOWER IN DAY TIME AL BAHR TOWER AT NIGHT
OPERATION
12
14. Towers Al Bahar have
implementation of
advanced detection
system designed to
integrate the building
with its cultural context
and respond directly to
the needs of the
region's climate.
”Mashrabiya" in Al
Bahar Towers has a
number of
components
transparent umbrella
that open and close in
response to the sun's
path.
The effects of this system
are comprehensive: reduced
glare, improved daylight
penetration, less reliance on
artificial lighting, and over
50% reduction in solar gain,
which results in a reduction
of CO2 emissions by 1,750
tones per year.
13
15. • THE AL BAHAR TOWERS TOOK INSPIRATION FROM
TRADIONAL ISLAMIC MOTIF TO DESIGN AN
INOVATIVE AND VISUALLY INTERESTING EXTERNAL
AUTOMATED SHADING SYSTEM.
• THE DYNAMIC FAÇADE HAS BEEN CONCIEVED AS A
CONTEMPORARY INTERPRETATION OF THE
TRADIONAL ISLAMIC “ MASHRABIYA”( A POPULAR
FORM OF WOODEN LATTICES SCREEN USED AS
DEVICE FOR ACHIEVING PRIVACY WHILE REDUCING
GLARE AND SOLAR GAIN.
• CLOSED STATE PROVIDING SHADING TO THE INNER
GLAZING SKIN. AS THE SUN MOVES AROUND THE
BUILDING EACH
• MASHRABIYA UNIT WILL PROGRESSIVELY OPEN.
BUILDING WITHOUT SHADING
SYSTEM
BUILDING WITH SHADING
SYSTEM (FINS)
BUILDING WITH DYNAMIC
SHADING SYSTEM14
16. TORRES - "COCOON BUILDINGS"
• BASED ON A PRE-RATIONALIZED GEOMETRIC SHAPE, TUNED VIA PARAMETRIC DESIGN TOOLS TO ACHIEVE THE
OPTIMAL RATIO OF SURFACE BETWEEN THE WALLS AND FLOOR.
• FORM OF THE TOWERS IS OPTIMIZED TO COMPLEMENT THE SHADING SYSTEM.
•THE DESIGN STARTED WITH TWO SIMPLE CYLINDERS, CIRCULAR, YIELDING THE MOST
EFFICIENT IN TERMS OF "AREA-TO-FLOOR WALL", CREATING MORE VOLUME WITH LESS
SURFACE.
•THEN, A CIRCULAR SHAPE IS DIVIDED BASED ON A COMBINATION OF CIRCULAR
GEOMETRIES TO REDUCE SOLAR EXPOSURE, AND IT STARTED TO GENERATE A
NATURAL ORIENTATION.
•THE SHAPE OF THE TOWERS WAS THEN SCULPTED AROUND THE CORE, NARROWER
AT THE BASE AND AT THE TOP, WIDER AROUND THE INTERMEDIATE FLOORS.
EVOLUTION
15
17. • EACH UNIT COMPRISES A SERIES OF PANELS STRETCHED PTFE (POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) AND IS DRIVEN
BY A LINEAR ACTUATOR TO PROGRESSIVELY OPEN AND CLOSE ONCE PER DAY, IN RESPONSE TO A PRE-
PROGRAMMED SEQUENCE THAT IS CALCULATED TO AVOID DIRECT SUNLIGHT TO FROM THE MOMENT IT HITS
THE FACADE .
• COMPUTER-CONTROLLED,
• OPERATES AS A CURTAIN WALL,
• READY TO TWO METERS OF THE EXTERIOR FACADE OF BUILDINGS, IN A SEPARATE FRAME.
• EACH TRIANGLE IS COATED WITH MICRO FIBERGLASS
• PROGRAMMED TO RESPOND TO THE MOVEMENT OF THE SUN.
• IT IS AN ANCIENT TECHNIQUE USED IN A MODERN WAY
• THE WHOLE SYSTEM IS PROTECTED BY A VARIETY OF SENSORS THAT OPEN THE UNITS IN CASE CONDITIONS
CHANGE, OR RAISE TO CLOUD WINDS.
• GEOMETRIC PATTERNS THAT MAKE UP THIS GIANT SCREEN INCLUDE MORE THAN 1,000 MOBILE ELEMENTS
THAT CONTRACT AND EXPAND DURING THE DAY, DEPENDING ON THE SUN POSITION.
ENGINEERING
16
18. PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
• ROOFS FACING SOUTH EACH TOWER INCORPORATE
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS.
• GENERATING APPROXIMATELY FIVE PERCENT OF THE
TOTAL ENERGY REQUIRED RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES, USED FOR HEATING WATER.
• THE TOWERS HAVE BEEN ONE OF THE FIRST BUILDINGS
IN THE GULF THAT RECEIVED A LEED SILVER RATING.
• A BESPOKE APPLICATION WAS DEVELOPED USING JAVASCRIPT AND ADVANCED PARAMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES
TO SIMULATE THE MOVEMENT OF THE FAÇADE IN RESPONSE TO THE SUN’S PATH.
• THE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND GEOMETRY BUILD-UP OF THE SYSTEM DESIGN WERE CONVEYED USING A
UNIQUE PROJECT SPECIFIC, GEOMETRY CONSTRUCTION & PERFORMANCE MANUAL.
• THIS FREED THE DESIGN-TO-CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FROM LOCKING IT DOWN TO CERTAIN PLATFORMS
AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES AND OFFERED A UNIVERSAL DATA EXCHANGE LANGUAGE, ENABLING ALL
PARTIES TO COMMUNICATE MORE EFFECTIVELY.
DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS FOR SCREENS
IN DIVA AND GRASSHOPPER
17
19. • IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE SCREEN REDUCES SOLAR GAIN IN MORE THAN 50% AND REDUCES THE NEED FOR AIR
CONDITIONING.
• SCREENS ABILITY TO FILTER LIGHT HAS ALLOWED TO BE MORE SELECTIVE IN THE CHOICE OF GLASS.
• THIS ALLOWS US TO USE MORE NATURALLY TINTED GLASS, WHICH ALLOWS MORE LIGHT INSIDE AND LESS NEED FOR
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT.
• THE INTELLIGENT FACADE, TOGETHER WITH SOLAR THERMAL PANELS FOR HOT-WATER HEATING AND
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS ON THE ROOF, MINIMIZE THE NEED FOR INTERNAL LIGHTING AND COOLING, ALTOGETHER
REDUCING TOTAL CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS BY OVER 1750 TONS PER YEAR.
• FOR THE PROJECT’S SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING AND SENSITIVE CULTURAL AND URBAN APPROACH, THE TOWERS
WERE AWARDED THE 2012 TALL BUILDING INNOVATION AWARD.
EFFICIENCY
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20. Wind
A SERIES OF WIND-TUNNEL TESTS WERE CONDUCTED AT VARIOUS SCALES TO ANTICIPATE THE COMBINATION OF LOADS
EXERTED ON THE BUILDING GENERALLY AND ON THE MASHRABIYA LOCALLY. BOTH SMALL AND FULL-SCALE MODELS
WERE TESTED ACCORDINGLY. THE TESTS REVEALED THAT THE FLUID FORM OF THE BUILDING GENERATED RELATIVELY LOW
+VE AND -VE PRESSURES, AVERAGING 1.5 kPa UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 3.5 kPa.
A SINGLE DYNAMIC UNIT WAS LATER SUBJECTED TO VERY HIGH WIND SPEEDS UP TO 90 m/s, DEPLOYED IN DIFFERENT
OPENING POSITIONS,WHERE THE RESULTING PRESSURES DID NOT EXCEED THE MAXIMUM FIGURES APPLIED ON THE
BUILDING AS A WHOLE – DUE TO THE FLUID AERODYNAMIC GEOMETRY OF THE BUILDING FORM AND DYNAMIC
MASHRABIYA SYSTEM.
19
21. Energy models evaluated the towers’ solar gains without external shading screens (Fig. 34). Theoretically, a shading
screen should completely wrap the tower as direct solar rays hit the curtain-wall from all directions, especially during
summer. The north face experiences direct solar rays only for a short time in the morning and later in the afternoon,
i.e. before and after working hours. Shading units in the North zone was therefore unnecessary.
Shading studies were used to explore the impact on energy performance of different Mashrabiya configurations.
This figure illustrates the facade opening and resulting improvement in energy performance during mid-season at
9:00 am.
CLIMATIC RESPONSE
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22. MATERIAL
EACH OF THE DRIVERS PLAYED A ROLE IN THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS FOR THE BUILDING ENVELOPE.
• 1.4462 DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL: ALL MAIN-FIXED SUPPORTING COMPONENTS LIKE CANTILEVER ARMS,
YSTRUCTURE
ARMS, AND BRACKETS CONNECTING THE SYSTEM BACK TO THE MAIN STRUCTURE ARE MADE OF
DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL, DUE TO ITS HIGH STRENGTH AND CORROSION RESISTANCE. ALL EXPOSED/VISIBLE
COMPONENTS
HAVE SHOT-PEEN FINISH, SIMILAR TO SAND BLASTING. THIS CAMOUFLAGES DUST AND SAND PARTICLES
THAT SETTLE ON THE STEEL SURFACE.
• PVDF COATED ALUMINIUM: ALL CURTAIN-WALL AND FABRIC MESH FRAMES ARE MADE OF EXTRUDED
ALUMINIUM
PROFILES. THESE ACHIEVE A FINER LEVEL OF DETAIL THAN POSSIBLE WITH STEEL. IT IS ROBUST, LIGHTWEIGHT,
AND CORROSION RESISTANT, AND ELEGANT LOOKING WHEN FINISHED, IN THIS CASE IN A CHAMPAGNE
COLOUR,
AS IT RESEMBLES THE BEIGE COLOUR OF LOCAL SAND.
• GLASS: CURTAIN-WALL VISION GLASS IS MADE OF DGU OF 40% VISIBLE LIGHT TRANSMISSION, 0.28 G-VALUE
AND 18% EXTERNAL LIGHT REFLECTANCE.
• TEFLON: ALL BEARINGS AND JOINTS SEPARATORS ARE MADE OF MARINE-GRADED TEFLON COMPONENTS.
• SILICON: ALL SEALANTS/GASKETS ARE MADE OF BLACK SILICON – ESPECIALLY HIGHLY RESISTANT TO UV RAYS
AND
OTHER WEATHERING FACTORS.
NOTE: THE SOLAR GAIN AND ENERGY STUDIES WERE INTENTIONALLY LEFT UNINFLUENCED BY THE
MASHRABIYA.
THE GEOMETRIC DEFINITION AND OPENING CONFIGURATIONS WERE THEN OPTIMIZED TO IMPROVE LIGHTING
AND
VISIBILITY.
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23. AS GENERAL RULE OF THUMB, A SHADING ELEMENT IS MOST EFFICIENT WHEN IT FACES SOLAR RAYS DIRECTLY I.E.
ORTHOGONALLY.
• A SHADING ELEMENT MUST CAST SHADOW OF ALL ITS EDGES ONTO THE ADJACENT SHADING ELEMENT TO AVOID DIRECT
SOLAR RAYS LANDING ON THE VISION GLASS BEHIND IT.
• ON ONE HAND, HOWEVER, THE MOVING SUNLIGHT RESULTS IN SOLAR RAYS LANDING ON THE CURTAIN-WALL AT INFINITE
ANGLES.
• ON THE OTHER HAND, NOT ALL DIRECT SOLAR RAYS TRAVELLING INSIDE THE BUILDING AFFECT THE OVERALL
PERFORMANCE OF THE ENVELOPE AS LONG AS THEY ARE LIMITED TO A BUFFER ZONE AROUND THE PERIMETER OF EACH
FLOOR-PLATE WITHOUT LANDING ON THE WORKING DESK LEVEL AND IN THE EYES OF OCCUPANTS (FIG. 29). BOTH
EXPERIENCE AND EARLY SHADING STUDIES USING VARIOUS OPENING CONFIGURATIONS OF THE MASHRABIYA SCREEN
RESULTED IN DEVELOPING THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES TO CONTROL
THE SHADING ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE:-
• THE CONFIGURATION OF THE SHADING IS BASED ON OPTIMIZED CATEGORISATION OF SOLAR RAYS.
• GENERAL SOLAR RAYS LANDING AT ANGLES BETWEEN 0 AND 79 DEGREES ONTO THE CURTAIN-WALL SURFACE
REQUIRING FULL FRONT-COVER OF THE CURTAIN-WALL .THIS IS ACHIEVED BY AN UN-FOLDED CONFIGURATION.
• INTERMEDIATE SOLAR RAYS LANDING AT ANGLES BETWEEN 80 AND 83 DEGREES ONTO THE CURTAIN-WALL SURFACE
REQUIRING PARTIAL FRONT-COVER OF THE CURTAIN-WALL ALLOWING PARTIAL UNOBSTRUCTED VIEWS – THIS IS
ACHIEVED BY A MIX-FOLDED CONFIGURATION.
•HIGH SOLAR RAYS LANDING AT ANGLES HIGHER THAN 83 DEGREES ONTO THE CURTAIN-WALL SURFACE REQUIRING
NO FRONT-COVER OF THE CURTAIN-WALL ALLOWING MAXIMUM UNOBSTRUCTED VIEWS – THIS IS ACHIEVED BY A
FULLY-FOLDED CONFIGURATION.
SHADING PRINCIPLES
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24. THE AL-BAHR TOWERS CURTAIN-WALL AND HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE WERE DEFINED BY THE LINKING OF NODES
GENERATED FROM THE INTERSECTION OF TANGENTIAL CIRCLES AND THE EXTRUSION OF THE UNDERLYING RADIAL GRID.
23
25. THIS DIAGRAM SHOWS THE 800 MM-CURTAIN-WALL/FLOOR-PLATE PERIMETER BUFFER ZONE WHERE DIRECT SOLAR
RAYS ARE ALLOWED TO LAND INSIDE THE BUILDING. SUCH CONDITION ONLY OCCURS DURING LIMITED HOURS OF THE
DAY DURING THE SUMMER WHERE SOLAR RAYS LAND ON THE CURTAIN-WALL SURFACE AT AN ANGLE HIGHER THAN 83
DEGREES. SOLAR RAYS THAT TRAVEL DEEPER THAN THE IDENTIFIED BUFFER-ZONE WILL BE BLOCKED BY THE DYNAMIC
MASHRABIYA SOLAR SCREEN SYSTEM BY DEPLOYING MASHRABIYA UNITS IN A SUITABLE OPTIMIZED OPENING
CONFIGURATION.
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26. PROBLEMS
• GLASS SKYSCRAPERS HAVE BECOME THE TRADEMARK
IN THE GULF. HOWEVER, BUILDINGS IN THE GULF
SUFFER FROM THE FOLLOWING ISSUES:
• HEAT AND GLARE FROM THE SUN CAN WARM UP THE
EXTERIOR OF THE BUILDINGS TO UP TO 50ºC (CNN,
2012)
• THE CONSTANT INCREASE IN PRICE OF ELECTRICITY
TARIFFS.
• THE INTERNATIONAL ROYAL HOTEL (TIRH), WILL
EMPLOY A DYNAMIC SHADING SYSTEM; SIMILAR TO
THE ONE USED IN AL-BAHAR TOWERS IN ABU DHABI.
HOWEVER, WE WILL MODIFY AL-BAHAR TOWERS TO
ACHIEVE HIGHER POWER EFFICIENCY USING SOLAR
PANELS.
SOLUTIONS
• GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION:
• DOWN TOWN DUBAI IS THE LOCATION OF TIRH.
• THE FAÇADE WILL BE FREE FROM OBSTACLES
THAT WILL BLOCK THE SUN.
• SOLAR PANELS WILL HAVE MAXIMUM
EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT.
• STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF MATERIAL:
• 145 METERS HIGH.
• 40 EXTERIOR COLUMNS.
• CYLINDRICAL (REFER TO FIGURE 1)
• REINFORCED CONCRETE.
SOLAR POWERED BUILDING WITH DYNAMIC
SHADING SYSTEM
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27. QUANTITATIVE BENEFITS
THE FOLLOWING ARE MEASURABLE BENEFITS OF THE INNOVATIVE FACADE SYSTEM.
• 50% ENERGY SAVINGS FOR OFFICE SPACES ALONE, AND UP TO 20% FOR THE BUILDING OVERALL
• 20% REDUCTION IN CARBON EMISSION WITH UP TO 50% FOR OFFICE SPACES USE ALONE
• 15% REDUCTION IN OVERALL PLANT SIZE AND CAPITAL COST
• 20% REDUCTION IN MATERIALS AND OVERALL WEIGHT DUE TO THE HIGHLY FLUID, RATIONAL AND OPTIMIZED
DESIGN
QUALITATIVE BENEFITS
THE FOLLOWING ARE NON-MEASURABLE BENEFITS OF THE INNOVATIVE FACADE SYSTEM:
• IMPROVEMENT OF USER-COMFORT AND IMPROVED PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF OCCUPANTS
204 A. KARANOUH AND E. KERBER / INNOVATIONS IN DYNAMIC ARCHITECTURE
• THE OVERALL ICONIC IDENTITY OF THE BUILDING
• BETTER NATURALLY LIT SPACES THROUGH BETTER ADMISSION OF NATURAL DIFFUSED LIGHT (FIG. 22)
• BETTER VISIBILITY OF EXTERNAL NATURAL VIEWS, LESS USE OF OBSTRUCTIVE AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY TRAPPING
BLINDS (FIG. 23)
• IMPROVED COMFORT BY REDUCING HEAVY AIR CONDITIONING LOADS AND AIR DRAFT
• PROVIDE THE BUILDING WITH A UNIQUE IDENTITY, ROOTED TO LOCAL HERITAGE AND ENVIRONMENT
• PROVIDE A UNIQUE AND ENTERTAINING FEATURE BOTH TO OCCUPANTS AND PASSING-BY PUBLIC.
BENEFITS OF THE DYNAMIC FACADE SYSTEM
26