Nowadays by seeing the present scenario AIR is the essential element to live & Air Quality Index is a tool to distinguish the benefit of air quality. There are different methods to identify AQI, based on many impurities viz. PM2.5, PM10,CO were used to compare ambient air quality. By calculating AQI we define the quality level of air to be good, moderate, and hazardous as AQI is calculated by using the reference of "The United States Environmental Protection Agency" We are using thingspeak server to fetch the data into the cloud, so anyone can access the data in their respective location. We are not only focusing on stationary measurement but also on the real time value measurement of AQI. Which helps common people to access the Air Quality Index throughout the city and help them decide to stay in a cleaner air environment? Thus the foremost idea of AQI is to inform people about their air quality so they can step to defend their health.
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
Effects of Air Pollution on human beings, plants and animals and Properties. Global
effects-Green house effect, Ozone depletion, heat island, dust storms, Automobile pollution sources and control, Photochemical smog, Future engines and fuels
Nowadays by seeing the present scenario AIR is the essential element to live & Air Quality Index is a tool to distinguish the benefit of air quality. There are different methods to identify AQI, based on many impurities viz. PM2.5, PM10,CO were used to compare ambient air quality. By calculating AQI we define the quality level of air to be good, moderate, and hazardous as AQI is calculated by using the reference of "The United States Environmental Protection Agency" We are using thingspeak server to fetch the data into the cloud, so anyone can access the data in their respective location. We are not only focusing on stationary measurement but also on the real time value measurement of AQI. Which helps common people to access the Air Quality Index throughout the city and help them decide to stay in a cleaner air environment? Thus the foremost idea of AQI is to inform people about their air quality so they can step to defend their health.
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
Effects of Air Pollution on human beings, plants and animals and Properties. Global
effects-Green house effect, Ozone depletion, heat island, dust storms, Automobile pollution sources and control, Photochemical smog, Future engines and fuels
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, loss of breath, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment. Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources.
Air Quality Sampling and Monitoring: Stack sampling, instrumentation and methods of analysis of SO2, CO etc, legislation for control of air pollution and automobile
pollution
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, loss of breath, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment. Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources.
Air Quality Sampling and Monitoring: Stack sampling, instrumentation and methods of analysis of SO2, CO etc, legislation for control of air pollution and automobile
pollution
Integrated Environmental Management Information System (IEMIS) Saroj Upadhyay
An online portal for air quality and pollution monitoring was constructed through development of Air Quality Index (AQI) and Air Pollution Inventory (API). Literature from different countries were studied and the formula developed by EPA for AQI calculation was used. Also, the break-off points and corresponding health implications practiced by Government of India was used as the cultural and environmental setting closes matches between India and Nepal. The data entry, user’s credentials and verification mechanism was defined. Apart from that, an online portal for AQI and API was constructed that includes admin and users credential differential, data entry and editing mechanism and public interface. The public interface includes AQI and API visualization in the form of graphs and tables.
Business guide on carbon emission redution and sustainabilityBarney Loehnis
Guide on how businesses can reduce their carbon footprint, with a focus on Asia and Hong Kong, but broadly relevant for any global brand.
The guide was developed by contributions from Cathay Pacific, HSBC, Hang Seng, Hang Lung, Hong Kong Land, OSBC, Bank of East Asia (BEA), Aegis, MTR Corporation, Sino Group, Standard Chartered, Gammon Hong Kong Electric, China Light and Power (CLP), OOCL, PCCW, DTZ, Town Gas and Swire Pacific
End-to-end Urban Street Air Quality Management Framework: A Conceptual DesignNuwan Sriyantha Bandara
The presented UrboQM is a fully defined end-to-end framework to combat motorized street-based urban air pollution, utilizing a divergent array of emerging technologies in integrative harmony and semantic meaning.
The proposed framework is developed to be robust in sensing, low in cost, accurate in prognostic predictions and easy in scaling while being sustainable.
The proposed conceptual design is presented to the World Bank Group Youth Summit Pitch Competition 2022.
Global marketing presentation introducing clean coal burning power plants in the Beijing, China demographic. Identifies implementation costs, barriers to entry and construction costs featuring partnerships with global manufacturing companies.
1. Air Quality Index
(AQI)
How to effectively solve the Air Pollution problem in Beijing
• Rodrigo Gomez
• Aaron Fuhrman
2. Executive Summary
For this project we will gather data regarding the level of Air Quality
Index (AQI) in Beijing. We chose this populated city because of its high
AQI index.
The Air Quality Index (AQI) has been developed by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to provide accurate, up-to-date, and easily
understandable information about daily levels of air pollution.
Beijing is a city with over 21.500 million people. Because of this and the
lack of environmental action, Beijing is considered an “unhealthy” city
according to AQI
We will analyze the data and make changes in order to improve the air
quality of the city by evaluating Control Charts and Capability Charts.
The most important number on this scale is 100, since that number
corresponds to the standard established under the Clean Air Act. A 0.14
ppm
Since Beijing has a AQI of 178 we assume the ppm to be 45500 reaching a
2 sigma level
3. Air Quality Index (AQI)
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a table that has been
developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to provide the regular citizen with accurate, up-to-date,
and easily understandable information about daily levels
of air pollution.
The AQI takes into consideration four major pollutants:
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen
Dioxide (NO2) and Ozone.
By recollecting data of the daily pollutant levels, the EPA
can assign a number regarding its AQI Range.
The AQI is divided in 6 categories: 0 – 50 (Good), 51 – 100
(Moderate), 101 -150 (Unhealthy for sensitive groups),
151 – 200 (Unhealthy), 201 – 250 (Very Unhealthy) and
251 – 300 (Hazardous).
The AQI Range of Beijing is 178 which falls in the
category of Unhealthy
6. X-Bar Chart
SUM 3782
Mean 157.5833
St. Dev 14.41618
UCL 166.0613
LCL 149.1053
CL 157.5833
A2 0.157
Range 54
7 points out of control exceeding the upper control limits
are present (11am,12pm,1pm,2am,3am,4am,5am). The
points below the LCL indicate that the air pollution
decreased and therefore we did not count them as OOC
points
115
125
135
145
155
165
175
185
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM
11:00AM
12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
5:00PM
6:00PM
7:00PM
8:00PM
9:00PM
10:00PM
11:00PM
12:00AM
1:00AM
2:00AM
3:00AM
4:00AM
5:00AM
AQI
X bar Chart Sept 29,2014
Series1 UCL LCL
7. Xmr Chart
Range 54
D4 1.548
D3 0.451
D2 3.895
UCL 163.8121
LCL 151.3546
CL 157.5833
8 points out of control exceeding the
upper control limits are present
(10am,11am,12pm,1pm,2am,3am,4am,5a
m). The points below the LCL indicate
that the air pollution decreased.
Therefore we did not count them as OOC
points
115
125
135
145
155
165
175
185
AQI
XmR Chart Sept 29,2014
Series1
UCL
LCL
8. Process Capability (Out of
Control)
• Sometimes the process
capability analysis indicates
an out-of-control process. It
is unsafe to estimate process
capability in such cases.
Therefore the reason because
this CP is so low is justified by
the fact that it is OOC (pg 377
“Montgomery”)
• A Cp of 1.0 indicates that the
process is in six sigma.
Therefore a Cp of 0.29 is not
a good process.
9. Causes:
Due to the fact that Beijing is one of the most populated
cities in the world, the car industry has skyrocketed in
the last years (5 million vehicles and rising)
The city does not have enough “green areas” in order to
soak up the fumes discharged by the vehicles and
industries
The heavy reliance on coal power in industries has
contributed to the pollution problem
A “green” culture for recycling and environmental laws
like the U.S one does not exist.
Because of all these reasons it is easy to understand how
air pollution has spiraled out of control in Beijing.
10. Fish Bone Diagram
High
AQI
Levels
Over-
Population
No
“Green
Areas”
Coal
Industry
“Green”
Culture
*Over-population means
higher number of cars.
*This leads to high CO
and SO2 emissions.
*This is over 20% of the
global warming .
*Not enough
green
Areas to soak up
fumes and
contamination
residues.
*This industry affects issues
such as land use, waste
management, water and
air pollution
*High emissions of CO,
SO2 and NO2
*Complete
disregard
towards recycling and
environmental laws.
* “Green” Culture is
non-existent .
11. Solutions:
Encourage Beijing citizens to buy electrical and environmental
friendly vehicles in order to significantly reduce the level of CO
emissions.
Create new “Green Areas” by building new parks in the city. A study
released by the Environmental Science and Technology journal states
that around 30% of air pollution can be reduced by adding extra
trees and vegetation.
Try to convince industries and corporations to reduce their reliance
on coal power, by seeking alternative ways to function and
manufacture such as Solar or Geothermal Power.
Restructure and enforce new Environmental Laws in order to reduce
the amount of waste and garbage in Beijing.
Explore new ways to significantly improve “Green Culture”. Such as
introducing new recycling campaigns into the school system,
educating average citizens by informing them of the current
pollution levels through TV and radio ads and by locating more
recycling bins around the city.
13. Process Capability Analysis Using a
Control Chart
With the Process now in control we will calculate the Cp
by analyzing the Xmr Control chart from before.
With the changes and solutions we obtained an
improved Cp of 0.95 which falls close to a six sigma level
14. Conclusion
We started off with a AQI level of 178 (Unhealthy) for the
city of Beijing, this level was too high due to the fact
that it is one of the most populated cities in the world
without a “green culture”
By analyzing the causes and control chart we
implemented a solution for this process for which we
were able lower the AQI to 98 which falls into the
moderate level.
We Improved the Xmr chart by deleting the out-of-
control points and recalculating the control limits
Once the process was stable we calculated the process
capability analysis to understand the sigma level and
observe the performance of the control chart
