This document discusses air pollution, defining it as harmful amounts of gases, dust, fumes or odors in the air that can negatively impact human health, animals, or damage plants and materials. It identifies primary pollutants like carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide that directly pollute the air from sources like vehicle exhaust and coal combustion. The document also outlines different types of air pollution including industrial, transportation, and smog pollution. Effects of air pollution mentioned are acid rain, while control methods proposed include using catalytic converters and scrubbers to reduce harmful emissions.

1. AIR POLLUTION
PREPARED BY:
Javeria Khan, ZAINAB Shahab, Laeba Adil,
and Hania Moin

2. What is air pollution?
Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or
odour in harmful amounts. That is, amounts which could be harmful
to the health or comfort of humans and animals or which could cause
damage to plants and materials.
The substances that cause air pollution are called pollutants.
Pollutants that are pumped into our atmosphere and directly pollute
the air are called primary pollutants. Primary pollutant examples
include carbon monoxide from car exhausts and sulphur dioxide from
the combustion of coal.

3. Types of air pollution
 Industrial Air Pollution:
Another type of air pollution that pollutes the
environment as a result of the industrial processes is
called as industrial pollution. Commonly it is
characterized due to the working of the thermal
plants and also the different plants that are used to
manufacture different types of fertilizers or
pesticides.
 Transport Related Air Pollution:
It is that type of air pollution that is characterized
due to the smoke emitting by different types of
vehicles used for transportation. As fuel such as petrol
or diesel burnt in the engine can emit different types
of poisonous gases in the form of smoke.

4. Types of air pollution
 Smog:
It is defined as when the smoke
present in the atmosphere after
emitting from different sources is
combined with the fog present in the
air, a mixture formed that is referred
to as smog. Basically different types
of factories or the industries are
responsible for the formation of the
smog. Living in the smog is equal to
the living with smokers; it can cause
serious respiratory diseases.

5. Effect of air pollution
 Acid rain:
Chemical reactions involving air pollutants can create
acidic compounds which can cause harm to vegetation and
buildings. Sometimes, when an air pollutant, such as
sulfuric acid combines with the water droplets that make
up clouds, the water droplets become acidic, forming acid
rain. When acid rain falls over an area, it can kill trees and
harm animals, fish, and other wildlife.

6. How to control Air Pollution
There are several ways through which we can control air pollution:
 Using Catalytic Converters
It is a device which is fixed into the car Exhaust system. It converts harmful
gases produced by a car like Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of nitrogen into less
harmful gasses like Carbon Dioxide and Water.
 Scrubber
These are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used
to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust
streams. Its removes several different gases and particles which are present
in Gaseous waste for example Mercury, Harmful Gases, Dust Particles etc.