This document discusses air pollution, including its definition, composition of the atmosphere, types of air pollutants, effects on flora/fauna/materials, and effects on human health. It defines air pollution as substances in the atmosphere that may be injurious to living things or property. The atmosphere's main components are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Primary pollutants are emitted directly from sources while secondary pollutants are formed from reactions between primary pollutants or atmospheric constituents. Various air pollutants like sulfur dioxide can damage vegetation, metals, buildings, and leather. Pollutants like arsenic, lead and fluorides also harm livestock and wildlife. Many air pollutants adversely impact human health,

1. AIR POLLUTION
- BY ROHAN L.D’SOUZA
This work is licensed under a creative common Attribution – Noncommercial – ShareAlike 4.0 International License

2. AIR POLLUTION
The Air Act of Government of India defines Air
Pollution as “ Air Pollution means any Solid, liquid,
or gaseous substances present in atmosphere in such
concentrations that may tend to be injurious to
human beings or other living creature or plants or
property or enjoyments.”

3.  Nitrogen - 78.084 %
 Oxygen - 20.946 %
 Argon - 0.934 %
 Carbon dioxide – 0.033%
 Other gases – 0.003%
(neon, helium, hydrogen, xenon , etc)
COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERE

4. TYPES OF AIR POLLUTANTS
 Primary Air pollutants :
Primary Air Pollutants are those emitted directly
from identifiable sources.
 Particulate Matter
 Carbon monoxide (CO)
 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
 Oxides of Sulphur (SOx)
 Hydrocarbon

5. TYPES OF AIR POLLUTANTS
 Secondary Air Pollutants:
Secondary Air Pollutants are those which are
produced by the interaction among two or more
primary pollutants or by reaction with normal
atmospheric constituents.
 Ozone
 Formaldehyde
 PAN ( peroxyacetyl nitrate)
 Photochemical Smog

6. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON FLORA
AND FAUNA
Damage to material
 Building materials.
 Rubbers.
 Paper.
 Leather.
 Dyes.
 The intensity of the damage depends upon factors such
as moisture, temperature, sunlight, air movements &
the nature & concentration of the pollutants.

7. Materials Types of damage Principal air
pollutants
Other
environmental
factors influencing
the rate of attack
Metals Corrosion, soiling
&
tamishing
SOx,other acid
gases
Moisture ,
temperature, air,
salt
Building
materials
Surface erosion,
leaching,corossio
n& discoloration
SOx, other acid
gases, acid mist,
sticky particulate
matter
Moisture, freezing
& temperature
Leather Weakening,
powdered surface.
SOx,other acid
gases
physical ware
Rubber Cracking &
weakening
Ozone, oxidants sunlight

8. Damage to vegetation.
 The principal air pollutants responsible for causing damage
to vegetation are as follows:
1. Sulphur dioxide.
2. Hydrogen fluoride.
3. Smog.
4. Chlorine & herbicide.
 Damage usually manifests in the form of visual injury
such as chlorotic marking, banding, silvering or bronzing
of the underside of the leaf.
 The extent of damage to the plant depends on the nature
& concentration of the pollutants, time of exposure, soil
& plant condition etc..

9. Damage to farm animals
 Arsenic, lead and fluorides are the main pollutants
which cause damage to livestock.
Pollutant Source of the pollutant Damage caused
to the animals
Symptoms
Arsenic Coal mines ,ores &
smelting industries.
Arsenic
poisoning
Salivation, thirst,
liver necrosis,
inflammation ,etc..
Lead Metallurgical smelters,
coke ovens, & coal
combustion operations,
etc..
Lead poisoning Depression,
lethargy, gastritis,
paralysis &
breathing troubles
Fluorides ---------- Fluoride toxicity Fluorosis of teeth
& bones

10.  Exposure to air pollution is associated with numerous
effects on human health, including pulmonary,
cardiac, vascular, and neurological impairments. The
health effects vary greatly from person to person.
 Human health effects associated with indoor air
pollution are: headaches, tiredness, dizziness, nausea,
and throat irritation.
Effects on Human health

11. Pollutant Description Sources Health Effects Welfare Effects
Carbon
Monoxide (CO)
Colorless,
odorless gas
Motor vehicle
exhaust, indoor
sources include
kerosene or
wood burning
stoves.
Headaches,
reduced mental
alertness, heart
attack,
cardiovascular
diseases, impaired
fetal development,
death.
Contribute to the
formation of
smog.
Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2)
Colorless gas that
dissolves in water
vapor to form
acid, and interact
with other gases
and particles in
the air.
Coal-fired power
plants,
petroleum
refineries,
manufacture of
sulfuric acid and
smelting of ores
containing
sulfur.
Eye irritation,
wheezing, chest
tightness, shortness
of breath, lung
damage.
Contribute to the
formation of acid
rain, visibility
impairment, plant
and water
damage, aesthetic
damage.

12. Nitrogen
Dioxide (NO2)
Reddish brown,
highly reactive
gas.
Motor vehicles,
electric utilities,
and other
industrial,
commercial, and
residential
sources that burn
fuels.
Susceptibility to
respiratory
infections,
irritation of the
lung and
respiratory
symptoms (e.g.,
cough, chest
pain, difficulty
breathing).
Contribute to the
formation of
smog, acid rain,
water quality
deterioration,
global warming,
and visibility
impairment.
Ozone (O3) Gaseous
pollutant when it
is formed in the
troposphere.
Vehicle exhaust
and certain other
fumes. Formed
from other air
pollutants in the
presence of
sunlight.
Eye and throat
irritation,
coughing,
respiratory tract
problems,
asthma, lung
damage.
Plant and
ecosystem
damage.

13. Lead (Pb) Metallic element Metal refineries,
lead smelters,
battery
manufacturers,
iron and steel
producers.
Anemia, high
blood pressure,
brain and kidney
damage,
neurological
disorders, cancer,
lowered IQ.
Affects animals
and plants,
affects aquatic
ecosystems.
Particulate
Matter (PM)
Very small
particles of soot,
dust, or other
matter, including
tiny droplets of
liquids.
Diesel engines,
power plants,
industries,
windblown dust,
wood stoves.
Eye irritation,
asthma,
bronchitis, lung
damage, cancer,
heavy metal
poisoning,
cardiovascular
effects.
Visibility
impairment,
atmospheric
deposition,
aesthetic damage.

14. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Health_effects_of_pollution.svg

15. THANK YOU.