Air freight course 6
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The document discusses various types of strategic alliances and mergers in the air cargo industry. It describes the economic, regulatory, and operational drivers for alliances, including economies of scale. It then defines different types of alliance agreements like prorate, codeshare, block space, and joint ventures. Alliances can enhance revenue through improved networks and reduce costs through shared facilities and operations. The document also briefly mentions some cargo alliances like WOW and SkyTeam Cargo. It discusses mergers as another strategy for expansion and provides an example of price-fixing scandals in the industry.
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aircraft manufacturers
The document discusses the major aircraft manufacturers in the world. Boeing and Airbus are the two largest manufacturers, having produced 648 and 626 aircraft respectively. Embraer, ATR, and Bombardier are also among the top five manufacturers, with Embraer specializing in manufacturing private jets. The document provides details on the headquarters and popular aircraft models of each manufacturer.
Aircraft ground handling
Ground handling involves servicing an aircraft while it is parked at an airport terminal. It includes tasks like cleaning the cabin, refueling, de-icing, catering, marshaling the plane into and out of the gate, and providing passenger services. Many airlines outsource some or all ground handling to airports, other airlines or third-party handling agents to reduce costs and resources needed at each location. Efficiency is important to minimize aircraft turnaround times between flights.
Aircraft performance
The document discusses aircraft performance certification and optimizing an aircraft's payload and range ability given physical and environmental limitations. It covers manufacturer's weight empty, operating empty weight, maximum zero fuel weight, maximum takeoff weight, and how payload and fuel affect an aircraft's range. Changing design aspects like maximum takeoff weight, zero fuel weight, and fuel capacity can impact the payload-range envelope.
Ground Handling
Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground at an airport terminal. It includes cabin cleaning, catering by unloading used and loading fresh food, ramp services like guiding aircraft into position and refueling, passenger services like check-in and boarding, and field operations like dispatching flights. A variety of equipment is used like tractors, stairs, carts, and trucks to provide power, transport passengers and supplies, and service lavatories and food. Efficient ground operations are important to decrease aircraft turnaround times and increase productivity.
15 IATA emergency response
1. The document discusses emergency response procedures for dangerous goods incidents on aircraft. It outlines the information that must be provided to pilots regarding dangerous cargo and emergency procedures.
2. It describes the different classes of cargo compartments on aircraft and emergency equipment located on board. Checklists are provided for pilots and cabin crew to follow in case of a dangerous goods fire, spill, or leakage in the passenger cabin or cargo areas.
3. An emergency response chart is presented listing different drill codes corresponding to the risks of various dangerous goods and outlining spill and firefighting procedures for each.
Chapter 9 weight & balance presentation
This document provides an overview of aircraft weight and balance processes. It defines key terms like center of gravity, moment, and maximum weights. It discusses how weight and balance must be managed on aircraft like the F-16 to ensure safety. The document demonstrates a weight and balance check on a Cessna 206 and uses iFly software to show a computational example on a Falcon 900EX. It emphasizes that operating within weight and balance limits is critical to flight safety.
Air cargo management
This document provides an overview of air cargo management. It discusses various topics such as packing, labeling, cargo acceptance, introduction of airway bills, cargo manifestation, security clearance, loading, arrival/offloading, delivery, import/export licensing, purchase orders, commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin, shipping bills, customs procedures, custodian responsibilities, and electronic data interchange systems. The overall aim is to describe the end-to-end process for transporting cargo via air and ensuring regulatory compliance.
airside operation 3
1. The document discusses airside operations at airports and focuses on functions like maintaining safety on airfields, runways and aprons; coordinating activities during emergencies; and issuing notices to airmen (NOTAMs) about potential hazards or operational changes.
2. Key activities of airside operations include inspecting movement areas, issuing permits, investigating incidents, coordinating safety escorts and work, and monitoring for foreign object debris and wildlife hazards.
3. NOTAMs are issued to communicate temporary or urgent safety information and operational changes to pilots and airlines.
Recommended
aircraft manufacturers
The document discusses the major aircraft manufacturers in the world. Boeing and Airbus are the two largest manufacturers, having produced 648 and 626 aircraft respectively. Embraer, ATR, and Bombardier are also among the top five manufacturers, with Embraer specializing in manufacturing private jets. The document provides details on the headquarters and popular aircraft models of each manufacturer.
Aircraft ground handling
Ground handling involves servicing an aircraft while it is parked at an airport terminal. It includes tasks like cleaning the cabin, refueling, de-icing, catering, marshaling the plane into and out of the gate, and providing passenger services. Many airlines outsource some or all ground handling to airports, other airlines or third-party handling agents to reduce costs and resources needed at each location. Efficiency is important to minimize aircraft turnaround times between flights.
Aircraft performance
The document discusses aircraft performance certification and optimizing an aircraft's payload and range ability given physical and environmental limitations. It covers manufacturer's weight empty, operating empty weight, maximum zero fuel weight, maximum takeoff weight, and how payload and fuel affect an aircraft's range. Changing design aspects like maximum takeoff weight, zero fuel weight, and fuel capacity can impact the payload-range envelope.
Ground Handling
Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground at an airport terminal. It includes cabin cleaning, catering by unloading used and loading fresh food, ramp services like guiding aircraft into position and refueling, passenger services like check-in and boarding, and field operations like dispatching flights. A variety of equipment is used like tractors, stairs, carts, and trucks to provide power, transport passengers and supplies, and service lavatories and food. Efficient ground operations are important to decrease aircraft turnaround times and increase productivity.
15 IATA emergency response
1. The document discusses emergency response procedures for dangerous goods incidents on aircraft. It outlines the information that must be provided to pilots regarding dangerous cargo and emergency procedures.
2. It describes the different classes of cargo compartments on aircraft and emergency equipment located on board. Checklists are provided for pilots and cabin crew to follow in case of a dangerous goods fire, spill, or leakage in the passenger cabin or cargo areas.
3. An emergency response chart is presented listing different drill codes corresponding to the risks of various dangerous goods and outlining spill and firefighting procedures for each.
Chapter 9 weight & balance presentation
This document provides an overview of aircraft weight and balance processes. It defines key terms like center of gravity, moment, and maximum weights. It discusses how weight and balance must be managed on aircraft like the F-16 to ensure safety. The document demonstrates a weight and balance check on a Cessna 206 and uses iFly software to show a computational example on a Falcon 900EX. It emphasizes that operating within weight and balance limits is critical to flight safety.
Air cargo management
This document provides an overview of air cargo management. It discusses various topics such as packing, labeling, cargo acceptance, introduction of airway bills, cargo manifestation, security clearance, loading, arrival/offloading, delivery, import/export licensing, purchase orders, commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin, shipping bills, customs procedures, custodian responsibilities, and electronic data interchange systems. The overall aim is to describe the end-to-end process for transporting cargo via air and ensuring regulatory compliance.
airside operation 3
1. The document discusses airside operations at airports and focuses on functions like maintaining safety on airfields, runways and aprons; coordinating activities during emergencies; and issuing notices to airmen (NOTAMs) about potential hazards or operational changes.
2. Key activities of airside operations include inspecting movement areas, issuing permits, investigating incidents, coordinating safety escorts and work, and monitoring for foreign object debris and wildlife hazards.
3. NOTAMs are issued to communicate temporary or urgent safety information and operational changes to pilots and airlines.
Air Traffic Control and You
Air traffic controllers like Eugene Air Traffic Controller Travis Jensen work to safely and efficiently direct aircraft through the national airspace system using radio communication and radar, which has evolved greatly from the early days of pilots navigating visually and basic flag signals. Controllers at the Eugene tower and radar approach control facility provide services to pilots flying under visual flight rules to enhance safety with advisories and assistance with navigation, terrain, and emergencies in the local airspace. Pilots are advised to communicate their requests and any aircraft issues to the controllers as early as possible to facilitate safe and optimal operations.
AVIATION PERSONNEL.pptx
Aviation personnel includes pilots, flight attendants, air traffic controllers, airport managers, and ground staff. Their primary duties involve safely transporting passengers and cargo to destinations, ensuring passenger safety and comfort, coordinating aircraft movements to direct air traffic, overseeing airport operations, and assisting passengers during flights. Ground handling operations encompass services performed while aircraft are on the ground like cabin cleaning, catering, ramp services, passenger services, and coordinating with air traffic control. Special equipment is used to provide these services efficiently and ensure aircraft and passenger safety.
Airport operation
This document provides an overview of air traffic control (ATC) including key terms and concepts. It discusses ICAO which sets international standards for ATC. It describes different types of airspace (controlled and uncontrolled) and classifications (A-G). It explains the roles of local control (aerodrome) and area control. In 1-2 sentences: The document defines air traffic control services and airspace classifications according to ICAO standards and describes the roles and responsibilities of local and area air traffic controllers.
Aircraft Ground Handling- Presentation
This document provides information about ground handling services at airports. It discusses the major categories of ground handling which include onboard servicing, ramp service, passenger service, and field services. It also describes the types of powered equipment used like tugs, tractors, refuelers, and belt loaders. Non-powered equipment such as chocks, dollies, and belts are also outlined. Finally, it provides a layout of typical ground handling operations when an aircraft arrives and departs.
Airside Hazards And Risks
For our Afghani personnel to better understand, and hence be more aware of the hazards and risks on a busy Airfield.
Air Cargo Handling Teaching Material
Air Cargo Handling
Rushton, A., Croucher, P., & Baker, P. (2013). The handbook of logistics & distribution management. London: Kogan Page.
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The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an international trade organization of airlines headquartered in Montreal, Canada. IATA represents over 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduled international flights. IATA's mission is to represent, lead and serve the airline industry by promoting safe, regular and economical air transport. IATA is divided into departments that fulfill specific roles such as setting international airfare prices, providing legal and technical standards, and training airline personnel.
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This document discusses aviation security and the importance of protecting the aviation industry from criminal and terrorist threats. It notes that aviation is a target due to its role in worldwide economic stability and transportation. The document outlines some of the challenges in securing the complex aviation system and infrastructure. It also examines the economic impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on aviation and stresses the need for proactive security strategies to prevent further deterioration of the economy or stability from terrorist activities.
AIRSEDE OPERATION
1. The document provides an overview of airside operations at airports, including the organization, key functions, objectives, and activities related to ensuring safety and efficiency.
2. Maintaining safety on airport runways and aprons through inspection, permitting, incident investigation, and coordination with airport stakeholders are some of the main responsibilities of airside operations.
3. Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) are used to communicate essential information about airport conditions or temporary changes and are issued according to standard formats and procedures.
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This document outlines the objectives and content of an aviation security course taught by Dr. Paul Mears. The 5-day course aims to teach participants how to ensure passenger and crew safety, identify and manage security threats, and work as a team to maintain security. It covers topics such as security mindsets, passenger profiling, restraint techniques, and how to handle various inflight incidents. Participants conduct workshops where they must apply their skills to mock aircraft scenarios and respond appropriately to security issues while minimizing flight disruption.
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This document provides information about airline business, including major aircraft manufacturers, aircraft types, minimum connecting times, and classes of service. It discusses key aircraft manufacturers like Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Bombardier, and Tupolev. It describes different types of aircraft like passenger, cargo, and combination aircraft. It also outlines components of aircraft like wings, empennage, fuselage. The document explains minimum connecting times required by airlines and defines classes of service on flights.
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This document provides information and guidelines for ramp safety officers at Indonesia AirAsia. It defines key terms and abbreviations. It outlines the ramp structure and organization, as well as responsibilities of ramp safety officers. It describes important ramp activities like aircraft ground handling, use of ground support equipment, and ensuring safety during aircraft turnarounds in the 25 minute target timeframe. It also covers safety management, human factors, and regulations regarding dangerous goods transportation.
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This document discusses various aspects of airport management including lessons learned, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), air traffic control (ATC), and the concerns of an airport manager. It covers terminal operations, airport access, the role of MRO, how ATC works and the systems that assist them. As an airport manager, concerns include the terminal area, landside operations, and airside facilities. Effective management of airport facilities is vital for safety and efficiency.
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This document outlines 14 guidelines for safe ground handling practices at ramps and lines. It covers topics like personnel protection, load handling, aircraft loading/unloading, ground equipment handling, fire protection, aircraft chocking, marker cone use, ground support equipment operations, hazards to passengers, aircraft parking safety, and vehicle operations. The guidelines are intended to reduce risks and ensure safety during all ground handling and servicing activities.
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Revenue management is a technique airlines use to optimize revenue from a fixed resource (seats on flights) by selling to the right customers at the right price. It implements supply and demand principles tactically. Key capabilities include forecasting demand and customer price sensitivity to set optimal prices, allocating inventory efficiently, and responding quickly to changes. Cargo revenue management similarly aims to enhance profits across a network. Airlines employ various pricing strategies considering costs, sales goals, competition, and customer value over time. Popular strategies include premium, penetration, economy, price skimming, competition-based, and cost-plus pricing. Demand is inversely related to price - as price falls, quantity demanded rises, and vice versa. Non-price factors
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Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground and parked at terminals. It includes cabin services like cleaning, catering like loading meals, and ramp services like marshaling aircraft, refueling, and luggage handling. A variety of equipment is used like passenger stairs, catering loaders, refuelers, tractors, and deicing vehicles. Operations aim to perform tasks simultaneously to reduce aircraft turnaround times. Major global ground handlers were listed.
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Maintenance information should be understandable by the technicians and inspectors. Therefore new manuals, job cards and service bulletins should be tested before distribution.
LOAD CONTROL SUPERVISOR / LOAD PLANNER
Duties and Responsibilities
Our prime responsibility is to make every departure safe and on time, while adhering to strict safety principles and quality policies, guaranteed by our DGCA certification.
• Calculates weight and balance sheet for all flights;
• Prepares loading instructions in accordance with aircraft requirement;
• Ensures proper Dangerous Goods segregation and quantity limits on aircraft;
• Produces load and trim sheets for each departing aircraft;
• Advises online stations about the load carried on aircraft;
• Keeps record of flight documentation for outgoing and incoming flights
• Alerts outstations about expected delays if any;
• Liaises with passenger handling Duty Manager, Cargo, Dispatch, Ground handling, Pilot in Command, and Engineers on matters related to aircraft loading and dispatching a flight;
• Makes sure all movements, LDM and SOM are sent timely with accurate information.
• Coordinates with other airlines and other RwandAir sections in regard to aircraft loading and turn around
• Ensures on time performance by the load sheet delivery on time
• Reports hazards and incidents in Q-pulse
• Any other duties as may be assigned by the duty Manager
Airport operation control centre (aocc)
This document discusses the need for and advantages of an Airport Operations Control Center (AOCC). An AOCC centralizes airport operations to focus on end-to-end passenger and aircraft processes. It coordinates the major operational areas of passengers, baggage/cargo, and aircraft. Benefits include more efficient operations, improved airport performance and ratings, and meeting passenger expectations. Resources needed include IT systems, software, procedures, and personnel from various airport departments and agencies. Skills required include management, coordination, monitoring, aviation knowledge, and leadership. The design of an AOCC center can vary but typically includes workstations and displays to provide situational awareness across airport functions.
Brief history of aviation by madhav
Aviation has a long history dating back over 2000 years to ideas of flying vehicles in ancient India. Leonardo da Vinci made early conceptual designs for airplanes and lighter-than-air vehicles in the 15th century. The Wright brothers achieved the first successful powered airplane flight in 1903, ushering in the era of heavier-than-air flight. Developments like jet engines in the mid-20th century increased airplane efficiency and led to modern passenger air transport.
GLOBAL CARRIER 1 (1).pdf
Alliances have become an important strategy for airlines to expand networks, enhance revenue, and reduce costs. Many airlines have entered strategic partnerships through major global alliances like Star Alliance, oneworld, and SkyTeam, which now represent over 60% of global air traffic. These alliances coordinate activities like scheduling, codesharing, frequent flyer programs, and more. However, greater integration is not always better, and airlines must evaluate the right level of partnership based on the potential value and costs for their unique business model and markets served.
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This document provides an overview of the airline industry. It discusses how rail transportation was dominant until the early 20th century, and how the development of airplanes in 1903 began the rise of air transportation. The airline industry was launched in the 1920s through government subsidies of air mail routes. Major topics covered include types of carriers (private vs for-hire), market structure/competition, operating characteristics, equipment/facilities, costs, and taxes/fees involved in air transportation.
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Air traffic controllers like Eugene Air Traffic Controller Travis Jensen work to safely and efficiently direct aircraft through the national airspace system using radio communication and radar, which has evolved greatly from the early days of pilots navigating visually and basic flag signals. Controllers at the Eugene tower and radar approach control facility provide services to pilots flying under visual flight rules to enhance safety with advisories and assistance with navigation, terrain, and emergencies in the local airspace. Pilots are advised to communicate their requests and any aircraft issues to the controllers as early as possible to facilitate safe and optimal operations.
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Aviation personnel includes pilots, flight attendants, air traffic controllers, airport managers, and ground staff. Their primary duties involve safely transporting passengers and cargo to destinations, ensuring passenger safety and comfort, coordinating aircraft movements to direct air traffic, overseeing airport operations, and assisting passengers during flights. Ground handling operations encompass services performed while aircraft are on the ground like cabin cleaning, catering, ramp services, passenger services, and coordinating with air traffic control. Special equipment is used to provide these services efficiently and ensure aircraft and passenger safety.
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This document provides an overview of air traffic control (ATC) including key terms and concepts. It discusses ICAO which sets international standards for ATC. It describes different types of airspace (controlled and uncontrolled) and classifications (A-G). It explains the roles of local control (aerodrome) and area control. In 1-2 sentences: The document defines air traffic control services and airspace classifications according to ICAO standards and describes the roles and responsibilities of local and area air traffic controllers.
Aircraft Ground Handling- Presentation
This document provides information about ground handling services at airports. It discusses the major categories of ground handling which include onboard servicing, ramp service, passenger service, and field services. It also describes the types of powered equipment used like tugs, tractors, refuelers, and belt loaders. Non-powered equipment such as chocks, dollies, and belts are also outlined. Finally, it provides a layout of typical ground handling operations when an aircraft arrives and departs.
Airside Hazards And Risks
For our Afghani personnel to better understand, and hence be more aware of the hazards and risks on a busy Airfield.
Air Cargo Handling Teaching Material
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Rushton, A., Croucher, P., & Baker, P. (2013). The handbook of logistics & distribution management. London: Kogan Page.
International air transport association
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an international trade organization of airlines headquartered in Montreal, Canada. IATA represents over 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduled international flights. IATA's mission is to represent, lead and serve the airline industry by promoting safe, regular and economical air transport. IATA is divided into departments that fulfill specific roles such as setting international airfare prices, providing legal and technical standards, and training airline personnel.
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This document discusses aviation security and the importance of protecting the aviation industry from criminal and terrorist threats. It notes that aviation is a target due to its role in worldwide economic stability and transportation. The document outlines some of the challenges in securing the complex aviation system and infrastructure. It also examines the economic impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on aviation and stresses the need for proactive security strategies to prevent further deterioration of the economy or stability from terrorist activities.
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1. The document provides an overview of airside operations at airports, including the organization, key functions, objectives, and activities related to ensuring safety and efficiency.
2. Maintaining safety on airport runways and aprons through inspection, permitting, incident investigation, and coordination with airport stakeholders are some of the main responsibilities of airside operations.
3. Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) are used to communicate essential information about airport conditions or temporary changes and are issued according to standard formats and procedures.
AVIATION SECURITY PRESENTATION
This document outlines the objectives and content of an aviation security course taught by Dr. Paul Mears. The 5-day course aims to teach participants how to ensure passenger and crew safety, identify and manage security threats, and work as a team to maintain security. It covers topics such as security mindsets, passenger profiling, restraint techniques, and how to handle various inflight incidents. Participants conduct workshops where they must apply their skills to mock aircraft scenarios and respond appropriately to security issues while minimizing flight disruption.
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This document provides information about airline business, including major aircraft manufacturers, aircraft types, minimum connecting times, and classes of service. It discusses key aircraft manufacturers like Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Bombardier, and Tupolev. It describes different types of aircraft like passenger, cargo, and combination aircraft. It also outlines components of aircraft like wings, empennage, fuselage. The document explains minimum connecting times required by airlines and defines classes of service on flights.
Ramp safety officer
This document provides information and guidelines for ramp safety officers at Indonesia AirAsia. It defines key terms and abbreviations. It outlines the ramp structure and organization, as well as responsibilities of ramp safety officers. It describes important ramp activities like aircraft ground handling, use of ground support equipment, and ensuring safety during aircraft turnarounds in the 25 minute target timeframe. It also covers safety management, human factors, and regulations regarding dangerous goods transportation.
Airport Management 11
This document discusses various aspects of airport management including lessons learned, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), air traffic control (ATC), and the concerns of an airport manager. It covers terminal operations, airport access, the role of MRO, how ATC works and the systems that assist them. As an airport manager, concerns include the terminal area, landside operations, and airside facilities. Effective management of airport facilities is vital for safety and efficiency.
Procedure for Safe Ground Handling Practices - (Sample for Edition)
This document outlines 14 guidelines for safe ground handling practices at ramps and lines. It covers topics like personnel protection, load handling, aircraft loading/unloading, ground equipment handling, fire protection, aircraft chocking, marker cone use, ground support equipment operations, hazards to passengers, aircraft parking safety, and vehicle operations. The guidelines are intended to reduce risks and ensure safety during all ground handling and servicing activities.
Airline pricing strategies and revenue management
Revenue management is a technique airlines use to optimize revenue from a fixed resource (seats on flights) by selling to the right customers at the right price. It implements supply and demand principles tactically. Key capabilities include forecasting demand and customer price sensitivity to set optimal prices, allocating inventory efficiently, and responding quickly to changes. Cargo revenue management similarly aims to enhance profits across a network. Airlines employ various pricing strategies considering costs, sales goals, competition, and customer value over time. Popular strategies include premium, penetration, economy, price skimming, competition-based, and cost-plus pricing. Demand is inversely related to price - as price falls, quantity demanded rises, and vice versa. Non-price factors
Airport Ground Handling (Introduction)
Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground and parked at terminals. It includes cabin services like cleaning, catering like loading meals, and ramp services like marshaling aircraft, refueling, and luggage handling. A variety of equipment is used like passenger stairs, catering loaders, refuelers, tractors, and deicing vehicles. Operations aim to perform tasks simultaneously to reduce aircraft turnaround times. Major global ground handlers were listed.
Human factors - Maintenance and inspection
Maintenance information should be understandable by the technicians and inspectors. Therefore new manuals, job cards and service bulletins should be tested before distribution.
LOAD CONTROL SUPERVISOR / LOAD PLANNER
Duties and Responsibilities
Our prime responsibility is to make every departure safe and on time, while adhering to strict safety principles and quality policies, guaranteed by our DGCA certification.
• Calculates weight and balance sheet for all flights;
• Prepares loading instructions in accordance with aircraft requirement;
• Ensures proper Dangerous Goods segregation and quantity limits on aircraft;
• Produces load and trim sheets for each departing aircraft;
• Advises online stations about the load carried on aircraft;
• Keeps record of flight documentation for outgoing and incoming flights
• Alerts outstations about expected delays if any;
• Liaises with passenger handling Duty Manager, Cargo, Dispatch, Ground handling, Pilot in Command, and Engineers on matters related to aircraft loading and dispatching a flight;
• Makes sure all movements, LDM and SOM are sent timely with accurate information.
• Coordinates with other airlines and other RwandAir sections in regard to aircraft loading and turn around
• Ensures on time performance by the load sheet delivery on time
• Reports hazards and incidents in Q-pulse
• Any other duties as may be assigned by the duty Manager
Airport operation control centre (aocc)
This document discusses the need for and advantages of an Airport Operations Control Center (AOCC). An AOCC centralizes airport operations to focus on end-to-end passenger and aircraft processes. It coordinates the major operational areas of passengers, baggage/cargo, and aircraft. Benefits include more efficient operations, improved airport performance and ratings, and meeting passenger expectations. Resources needed include IT systems, software, procedures, and personnel from various airport departments and agencies. Skills required include management, coordination, monitoring, aviation knowledge, and leadership. The design of an AOCC center can vary but typically includes workstations and displays to provide situational awareness across airport functions.
Brief history of aviation by madhav
Aviation has a long history dating back over 2000 years to ideas of flying vehicles in ancient India. Leonardo da Vinci made early conceptual designs for airplanes and lighter-than-air vehicles in the 15th century. The Wright brothers achieved the first successful powered airplane flight in 1903, ushering in the era of heavier-than-air flight. Developments like jet engines in the mid-20th century increased airplane efficiency and led to modern passenger air transport.
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Procedure for Safe Ground Handling Practices - (Sample for Edition)
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Air transport
Air transportation generates significant economic benefits worldwide through employment, industry activity, and increased trade and tourism. It supports over 13.5 million jobs globally through direct employment at airlines and airports and indirect jobs in supplier industries. Major airliners like Boeing and Airbus benefit economies through aircraft manufacturing and maintenance. Cargo carriers like FedEx and DHL additionally stimulate economies by facilitating international trade. Airline deregulation in the US led to lower fares, more routes and carriers, and substantial growth in air travel, demonstrating how deregulation can boost an air transportation economy.
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- 1. Air Freight VI: Air Cargo Alliance and Merger Dr Narudh Chermakara MAY 16
- 2. Why alliance and Merger • Economic Considerations - Economy of Scale • Regulatory Considerations - Airline ownerships • Operational Considerations • Network coverage Hench strategic alliance is the answers
- 3. Types of Alliance and Agreement • Prorate Agreement - Revenue sharing from multi-sector service with more than one carrier (Multilateral prorate for multiple carriers) - Generally divided on the basis of general cargo rate under 45kg - Calculated in proportion of rate for the sector it operated to the sum of the whole length - Special method may be used (such as great circle distance) - What is great circle distance?
- 4. • Codeshare - Airline designator code on a flight flown by another carrier (Operating carrier) - Non-operating airline can market the service as its own - The operating carrier either get a net rate or a commission - Advantage: No need to fly the route that cannot sustain on its own - Highly popular among passenger carriers
- 6. Block space agreement • Buying an agreed capacity/space on the flight of another airline • A subset of code-sharing • Hard-block • Soft-block CAPACITY SWOP - Reciprocal block space agreement (Bilateral)
- 7. Joint Venture • Pooling agreements • Sharing revenues and costs with pre-arranged agreements. • Has to be approved by the anti-trust authority. • The aim is to increase revenue and reduce costs. HOW?
- 8. Revenue Enhancement • Improve access to more destinations (Esp, the restricted markets) • Increase access to smaller destinations (which can’t be sustained on its own) • Access to slot-constraint airports • Coordinated feeder traffic with min connecting times • Price-leadership on member’s hub-to-hub markets • User-friendly booking system for inter-carrier shipments
- 9. Revenue Enhancement - The deeper the level of integration of the alliance, the better revenue enhancement potential (Aiming for Seamless experience)
- 10. Cost Reduction • Reducing duplications in sales, distribution, admins • Network rationalisation • Co-ordination of slots/fleet • Joint airport services – sharing facilities • Joint operation systems (IT) • Joint Purchasing (i.e. Chinese buying Airbuses, Lion Air, Air Asia)
- 11. Air Cargo Alliance • Similar to Star/Oneworld/Skyteam alliances
- 12. WOW Alliance • Found in 2000 • Original members: - Lufthansa Cargo (Left 2009) - SAS Cargo (Current Member) - Singapore Airlines Cargo (Current Member) - JAL Cargo (Left 2010 after shutting down its cargo operations) - Not as successful as passenger airline alliance
- 13. SkyTeam Cargo
- 14. Mergers and Acquisitions (US Airlines)
- 15. Mergers and Acquisitions • Popular, particularly in the US mainline • Quick way to expand its network and size • To put a jigsaw in the missing link • Could be within one country or trans border (e.g. Air France/KLM, Lufthansa-Swiss/Austrian) • Subject to antitrust, politics, labour issues. • It has become a major trend in recent development in airline industry • Exercise: Which airlines should merge together?
- 16. Price-Fixing Scandal • Cartel activity within the industry • Price-fixing • Example: TG was fined 7.5 m AUD by the Australian court along with 13 other carriers • Airlines/transport business are prone to fare war. Very hard to differentiate its products. • Therefore, secretly to set an agreed price is the way to avoid price war in the market (Which is illegal) • Exercise: Report the cases of Price-Fixing in the cargo industry.