This document discusses various risks associated with sea voyages, including cruise ship accidents caused by weather conditions or worker negligence, fishing boat accidents due to inexperienced fishermen or harsh weather, tug boat accidents sometimes caused by limited visibility or human error, oil tanker explosions often resulting from worker negligence, ship groundings, accidents caused by drug or alcohol use, and crane mishaps from faulty equipment or inexperience. It also describes container loss at sea, with estimates of 2000-10,000 containers lost annually, and the 2013 accident of the MOL Comfort container ship, which fractured in two parts while drifting in the Indian Ocean.

1. Logistic Insurance Ch11:
Risks of Sea Voyage
Dr Narudh Cheramakara
CLS-SSRU
2017

2. 1.Offshore Oilrig mishaps

3. 2. Cruise Ship Accidents
Cruise vessels could capsize or face tough weather
conditions causing the ship to develop major problems.
Another important case of accidents in cruise ships is
because of the negligence on the part of workers. As per
statistical data nearly 75% of fires are caused because of
a mere mistake by people working on the cruise ship.

4. 3. Fishing Boat accident
• Inexperienced fishermen – sometimes even
experienced ones – can fall overboard. Harsh
weather conditions can also could severe damages
to a commercial fishing expedition.

5. 4. Tug Boat Accidents
• sometimes because of the blockage of the visibility
of tugboats by the larger vessels, maritime
accidents occur. Also human error on the part of
the pilot of the tugboat can also lead to unwanted
and unexpected tugboat mishaps.

6. 5.Oil Tanker
• The major cause of accidents on cargo tankers is
explosions. Since the very nature of the materials
these tankers transport is dangerous and highly
flammable, even the most minor of explosions can
cause enormous losses. According to statistics, one
of the main reasons for oil tanker accidents
occurring is because of workers’ negligence –
nearly 84-88%.

7. 6. Ship grounding

8. • 7. Maritime Accident because of Drugs and
alcohol
• Drug or substance abuse is a major problem across
the world. Even in the marine world, substance
abuse can cause irreparable damage. If the workers
of a particular ship engage in substance abuse or
alcohol, the addiction-induced frenzy could cause
the worker to behave erratically and thereby lead
to an unwanted maritime accident on board ships.

9. • 8. Crane Mishaps
• Just like crane operations on the land, marine crane
operations on ports and on ship are also risky. The
risk is further stressed because of the oceanic
operations where the cranes are required. Because
of faulty wires or winches, crane workers can lose
their life or in a worst case scenario, be alive but
with irreparable physical handicap. Alternatively,
accidents because of crane operations are also
caused because of negligence and inexperience on
the part of the worker.

10. 9. Container Loss at Sea
• Containers occasionally fall from ships, usually during
storms; according to media sources, between 2,000[57] and
10,000 containers are lost at sea each year.[58]
• The World Shipping Council states in a survey among freight
companies that this claim is grossly excessive and calculated
an average of 350 containers to be lost at sea each year, or
675 if including catastrophic events.[59] .
• Containers lost in rough waters are smashed by cargo and
waves, and often sink quickly.[57] Although not all containers
sink, they seldom float very high out of the water, making
them a shipping hazard that is difficult to detect. Freight
from lost containers has provided oceanographers with
unexpected opportunities to track global ocean currents,
notably a cargo of Friendly Floatees.[61]

11. MOL Comfort Accident
• Mitsui O.S.K. Lines reported that the container vessel MOL Comfort (ex
APL Russia container ship) couldn't continue sailing under its own
power because the vessel's hull suffered a serious crack amidships while
sailing on the Indian Ocean. The container ship was fractured in 2 parts,
fore and aft.
• At 7:00 a.m. local time on Tuesday, 18th of June, 2013, the fore part of
the hull is drifting around 13' 00" N 60' 40" E, and the aft part is about
19 nautical miles southwest from that point. At present, both parts of
the container vessel MOL Comfort are laden with containers and drifting
in an east-northeast direction. We are also arranging tug vessels to tow
both parts of our container ship.
• General Average was declared: principle of maritime law according to
which all parties in a sea venture proportionally share any losses
resulting from a voluntary sacrifice of part of the ship or cargo to save
the whole in an emergency (for instance, when the crew throws some
cargo overboard to lighten the ship in a storm).