2.  Air-mixture of gases in atmosphere
 Air pollution signifies the presence of
substances in the ambient atmosphere that
generated by the man and his activities,
which has hazardous effect on the health of
man, animals or vegetation.

3. The main substrance of atmosphere are
oxygen to breath,co 2 for photosynthesis, N
2 for development for plants o 3 (ozone)
layer against ultra violet rays the natural air
contain trace amount of gases like
methane,ammonia,so 2 ,hydrogen
sulphide,carbon monoxide,hydrogen,argon
and variable amounts of dust particle.

4.  Fertilizer complex-oxide of nitrogen,dust particle during
process of drying, burning, grinding, screening, mixing,
conveying and packaing.
 Automobiles [emit hydrocarbons, CO, Pb, nitrogen
oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM)]
 Cement factories-chemically in such air pollution there
is mixture of oxide of alluminium potassium, silica,
calcium and sodium.

5. Industries – emit large amounts of
pollutants into the environment and
includes smoke, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
oxides and fly ash. Petrochemical industries
generate hydrogen fluoride, HCl, and
organic halides . Many industries also
discharge CO, CO2, Ozone, H2S, SO2 etc.

6.  Thermal power station-principle source of so 2 .
 Aeroplanes-which is also produce so 2 by fuel
combustion.
 Emissions
 Radioactive sources
 Domestic sources- domestic combustion of coal,
wood or oil is a major source of smoke, dust, SO2
and nitrogen oxides.

7. The most
direct and
important
source of air
pollution
affecting the
health of
many people
is tobacco
smoke .

8.  Suspended particulate
matters.
 Miscellaneous sources-
burning of refuse,
incineration, pesticide
spraying, wind borne
dust, fungi, molds,
bacteria etc. and nuclear
energy programmes.

9.  there is tones of material emitted annually in
to the air 98% of the pollution is due to major
five pollutant
 CO(52%)
 Sulfure dioxide (18%)
 Hydro carbon(12%)
 Particulate matter (10%)
 Nitrogen oxide(6%)

10.  Carbon monoxide
 Main source of co are
petroliu engines
industrial operation
with incomplete
combustion. Co
combined with hb of
blood when inhaled and
impairs the transport of
o 2 to tissues.

11.  Radio activity- source of radioactivity
 Nuclear explosion
 Waste of radioactive substances
 Atomic reactor
 Use of radio active substances
 Soil and rocks containg radioactive
substances

12.  Effect of airpollutions on health of human being and animal
being.
 Irritation to nose and throat.
 Headache Paroxyacetylnitrate cause skin,nose,throat
irritation and cancer.
 So 2 destroy lungs and skin disease
 NO cause respiratory disease in children.
 Particulates matters –when breathing penetrate deep in to
lungs and cause acute bronchitis,asthama and sometime
carcinogen effect.
 Radioactive substance cause genetic damage,chronic&acute
damage.

13.  Chronic effects of air pollution are chronic
bronchitis,lung cancer,emphysema,resp.allergy.
 Air pollution also affect materials like
buildings,paints,paper,rubber,taxetiles and produce
discolouration,embrittlement,cracking,reduction in
taxetile strength.
 Leakage of methyl isocyanate gase from carbide
factory at Bhopal on dec.3.1984 making the city as
gase chamber is worst industrial disaster in world
history of chemical industry.
 Methyl isocynate affect on human health and cause
in general disorder,bronchitis,chestpain,irritation to
eye and even blindness along with skin disease.

14.  by enclosure, ventilation and air cleaning.
 By prevent deforestation.
 Increase plantation on blankland.
 By extension and awarness programme.
 Replacement i.e. replacing a technology process
causing air pollution by new process that does not.
 Legislation- e.g. Clean Air Acts. To decrease the
nuisance of air pollution, the Govt. of India have
enacted “ The Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act ” in 1974.

15.  Water is one of the most
precious gift of nature without
this no life could survive on
earth.
 Water is combination of
hydrogen and oxygen.
 Normally water is never pure in
chemical sense.
 Water pollutants are natural
and man made.

16.  Pollution:- any thing is too much in wrong place is
pollution.
 Water pollution means alteration of the physical,
chemical and biological property of water.
 Water pollution are natural and man made.
 Natural impurities derived from the atmosphere,
catchment area and soil but in such a low
concentration that they do not pollute the water
normally.
 Rather there presence is some time essential for
maintaining the portability and other useful
property of water.

17.  Dissolved gases (nitrogen,CO2, H2S etc. which
may be picked up during rainfall)
 Dissolved minerals like: Salts of Calcium,
Magnesium, Sodium etc. from the soil of
catchment areas.
 Suspended impurities (Clay, silt, sand and mud).
 Microrganisms – mainly the enteric bacteria,
viruses etc. Natural impurities of water

18.  pesticides and biocides.
 Radioactive substances from nuclear weapon test.
 Domestic sewage (bathing, washing, cooking) water waste.
 Plastics.
 Industrial waste (toxic agents ranging from metal salts to
complex synthetic organic chemicals).
 Thermal pollution.
 Agricultural pollutants (fertilizers, pesticides).
 Physical pollutants (thermal pollution, radioactive
substances).

19. Pesticides and biocides like BHC, DDT,
Alluminium phosphide , chlor benzilate ,
lindane , nicotine sulphate which are highly
pollutant so such pesticide are restricted in
India.

20.  they are present in all the phase of
environment-air, water and land
 Metal pollutant is include copper, lead, zinc,
chromium, nickel, cadmium, mercury and
selenium.
 Lead is one of the heavy metal pollutant of
both atmosphere and ocean, which is
mainly derived from vehicle burning fuel.
 Mercury is the another very toxic pollutant

21.  It has been suggested that half of the world
production mercury reaches to ocean.
 The Baltic sea is so heavily contaminated with
mercury that its fishes are inedible.
 The concentration of mercury in shell fish led
to death of many people in Japan.
 Minamata is japanese fishing port city, where
atleast 43 death due to eating of contaminated
fishes in 1953.

22.  Cadmium and its compounds are used in
various industry they are cadmium acetate,
cadmium sulphide, cadmium oxide, cadmium
carbonate etc.
 The sulphate, chloride and acetate of cadmium
are soluble in water which leads toxicity.
 Floride is universally present in varing
amount in soil and water atmosphere,
vegetation and animal tissue.
 Toxic substance like cyanide, phenol, heavy
metals like mercury, lead, arsenic cause
damage to flora and fauna

23.  About four million children die every year from water born
disease in India.
 Biological water-borne disease (cholera, dysentery, gastro
enteritis, diarrhea, jaundice, typhoid, hepatitis and guinea pig
disease).
 Chemical borne diseases (heavy metal disease like minamata
disease, bone softening disease)
 Increase concentration of floride cause damage to dental
enamel.
 High nitrite content –cyanosis in infants.
 High arsenic content in endemic areas cause arsenic poisoning.

24.  Various ways and technique suggested
for prevention and control of water
pollution are following Stabilization of
eco-system.
 Reutilization or recycling of wastes