Brain drain refers to the emigration of skilled professionals from their home country. Pakistan experiences significant brain drain due to various push and pull factors. Push factors include lack of opportunities, low salaries, unemployment, and lack of respect for professionals. Pull factors include better career opportunities, higher salaries, advanced research resources, and superior living conditions in destination countries. As a result of brain drain, Pakistan loses valuable human capital and healthcare services, spending foreign exchange to hire replacement foreign experts. To reduce brain drain, the document argues Pakistan needs economic development through a stable currency, political stability, and improved tax system/governance to attract skilled emigrants to return and invest.

2. BRAIN DRAIN FROM PAKISTAN
QURAT UL AIN
FA13-MDS-009

3. CONTENTS
What is Brain Drain
Reasons for brain drain
Brain drain in Pakistan
Pull and Push factors
Pakistan
Conclusion
My opinion

4. WHAT IS BRAIN DRAIN?
 Emigration of individuals with technical
skills or knowledge from organizations,
industries, or geographical regions,
economic, or professional environments.
 It can be simply defined as the mass
emigration of technically skilled people
from one country to another country.
 Brain-drain is also termed as “human
capital flight” because it resembles the
case of capital flight.

5. REASONS FOR BRAIN DRAIN
Poor economic conditions.
 Slow promotion process.
Non-availability of opportunities for
youth in the existing
social set-up.
Lack of opportunities offered to the
highly skilled labor.

6. CAUSES OF BRAIN DRAIN
 Normally causes of outflow of
talented emigrants for developed
market economies are covered in
push-pull model .
 Push and pull factors regarding brain
drain appear to be rooted in the
unequal economic development of
the emigration and immigration
countries.

7. PULL FACTORS
 Availability of resources in foreign
countries to conduct research.
 Higher salary levels for researchers in
recipient countries.
 Life-changing and academic
enhancement bright career,
 Economical social, intercultural,
personal benefits.
 Better living facilities that is education,
housing, etc to their family.

8. PULL FACTOR
 Employment in well paid jobs in good career
opportunity.
 High standards of living, scientific excellence,
social democracy and possibility of upward
mobility.
 Suitable opportunities and environments for
education of children.
 High level of skills associated with their specific
degrees.
 Opportunities for advancement in careers and in
specialization.
 Fair, well-governed environments for HR
management attract and retain many skilled
professionals.

9. PUSH FACTORS
 For better jobs.
 Lack of opportunities offered to the
highly skilled labor.
 Unemployment ratio among qualified
workers is very high and salary levels
for skilled workers are often kept low by
governments to maintain an equal
income policy.
 Lack of respect of the professionals and
usually qualified people are answerable
to the bosses that have no knowledge
about their respective fields.

10. PUSH FACTORS
 Lack of safety
 Lack of services
 Poverty
 Unemployment
 Lack of industrial revolution
 lack of independency
 Population growth
 Agriculture change

11. 0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2000200120022003200420052006 2007 2008
Highly Skilled Migrants from Pakistan
Managare
STUDENT
ENG
DOC
Accountent
I.T

12. CONCLUSION
 Loss of Health Services.
 The loss of high quality manpower.
 Huge loss of foreign exchange due to hiring of
foreign experts.
 Our government has not even asked Pakistani
professionals to return back and serve their country.

13. OPINION:
 For the balance of power, and for the development
in staggered economy of Pakistan it is very
important to stop brain drain process.
 Key to reverse the brain drain is economic
development.
Three basic factors to develop economy are
following:
 1. Stable Currency
2. Political Stability
3. Fair tax system and improving govt. dept.
controlling commerce and trade (eliminating
corruption)
 If govt. can achieve these three things people
would love to invest and work in an economy with
bright future.