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NS100 Fundamentals of Naval Science   Visual Navigation Aids
Types of Aids to Navigation  Buoys  -  Floating aids to navigation.  Lights  - Fixed aids to navigation with distinctive light characteristics that make them identifiable at night.
Major Lights
On the Range Range Lights
To the right of the range. Visual Range On the Range The location of the rear range relative to the front range will indicate your relationship to the range line.
Beacons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Aids to Navigation  Radio Beacon  -  used with a direction finding receiver, will  yield an LOP.
RACON Buoys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
General Buoyage Classification  Lateral  -  Used to indicate on which  side   the buoy should be passed and are used to mark channels.
Cardinal System  of Buoyage
Buoy Description and Purpose  Can Buoy 13
Buoy Description and Purpose  Nun Buoy 12
Sound Buoys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lighted Buoys
Combination Buoys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Buoy Description and Purpose  Buoys are painted different colors according to their purpose. Lateral Aids  - Either red or green or the  combination of the two. Cardinal Aids  - Painted black and yellow.
Lateral Buoys either red  or green, or a  combination of the two. Numbered from seaward, meaning the numbers increase as you approach  land.
 
Buoy Description and Purpose  Safe Water Marks  - presence of a channel.  Fitted with a red ball topmark or a white light flashing  MORSE ALPHA .  Special Marks  - Painted yellow. Isolated Danger Marks   - Painted black and red.
Special Buoys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],13
Buoyage Systems  There are two buoyage systems in the world today:  IALA “A”  and  IALA “B”. International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
Buoyage Systems  IALA “B”  memory aids: Red Right Returning Even Red Nuns have Odd Green Cans
Light Attributes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Color ,[object Object],White Red Green
Illustration Symbol and meaning F. = Fixed F.Fl. = Fixed and  flashing F.Gp.Fl. = Fixed and group flashing Fl. = Flashing Gp. Fl. = Group flashing Gp. Fl. (1+2)  = Composite group flashing Mo. (A) = Morse  code Qk. Fl. = Quick flashing I.Qk.Fl. = Interrupted quick flashing E.Int. = Equal  Interval (Isophase) Occ. =Occulting Gp.Occ. = Group occulting Gp.Occ. (2+3) = Composite group occulting
Lights and Lighted Buoys Lateral and Channel Buoys  - red or green with flashing phase characteristics. U.S. Safe Water Marks  - Show a white light with Morse “Alpha”  (  ) with a period of  about eight seconds. Fixed Lights and Lighthouses  - variety of phase characteristics, lights, and colored sectors to distinguish from the background lights of the shore.
Channel Buoys
Safe Water Buoys
Preferred Channel Buoys
16 14 12 10 Mast Aids To Navigation
Using Buoys and Lights in Piloting  Buoys should never be used to fix your position! Lights and Lighthouses  - fixed and provide for good visual fixing both during the day and at night.
Aids to navigation
 
 

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Aids To Navigation

  • 1. NS100 Fundamentals of Naval Science Visual Navigation Aids
  • 2. Types of Aids to Navigation Buoys - Floating aids to navigation. Lights - Fixed aids to navigation with distinctive light characteristics that make them identifiable at night.
  • 4. On the Range Range Lights
  • 5. To the right of the range. Visual Range On the Range The location of the rear range relative to the front range will indicate your relationship to the range line.
  • 6.
  • 7. Types of Aids to Navigation Radio Beacon - used with a direction finding receiver, will yield an LOP.
  • 8.
  • 9. General Buoyage Classification Lateral - Used to indicate on which side the buoy should be passed and are used to mark channels.
  • 10. Cardinal System of Buoyage
  • 11. Buoy Description and Purpose Can Buoy 13
  • 12. Buoy Description and Purpose Nun Buoy 12
  • 13.
  • 15.
  • 16. Buoy Description and Purpose Buoys are painted different colors according to their purpose. Lateral Aids - Either red or green or the combination of the two. Cardinal Aids - Painted black and yellow.
  • 17. Lateral Buoys either red or green, or a combination of the two. Numbered from seaward, meaning the numbers increase as you approach land.
  • 18.  
  • 19. Buoy Description and Purpose Safe Water Marks - presence of a channel. Fitted with a red ball topmark or a white light flashing MORSE ALPHA . Special Marks - Painted yellow. Isolated Danger Marks - Painted black and red.
  • 20.
  • 21. Buoyage Systems There are two buoyage systems in the world today: IALA “A” and IALA “B”. International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
  • 22. Buoyage Systems IALA “B” memory aids: Red Right Returning Even Red Nuns have Odd Green Cans
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Illustration Symbol and meaning F. = Fixed F.Fl. = Fixed and flashing F.Gp.Fl. = Fixed and group flashing Fl. = Flashing Gp. Fl. = Group flashing Gp. Fl. (1+2) = Composite group flashing Mo. (A) = Morse code Qk. Fl. = Quick flashing I.Qk.Fl. = Interrupted quick flashing E.Int. = Equal Interval (Isophase) Occ. =Occulting Gp.Occ. = Group occulting Gp.Occ. (2+3) = Composite group occulting
  • 26. Lights and Lighted Buoys Lateral and Channel Buoys - red or green with flashing phase characteristics. U.S. Safe Water Marks - Show a white light with Morse “Alpha” ( ) with a period of about eight seconds. Fixed Lights and Lighthouses - variety of phase characteristics, lights, and colored sectors to distinguish from the background lights of the shore.
  • 30. 16 14 12 10 Mast Aids To Navigation
  • 31. Using Buoys and Lights in Piloting Buoys should never be used to fix your position! Lights and Lighthouses - fixed and provide for good visual fixing both during the day and at night.
  • 33.  
  • 34.