The document discusses aids to navigation (ATONs), which mark safe water and help boat operators determine their position in relation to land or hazards. It describes the types of navigation aids, including lateral marks that mark channel edges, and information/regulatory aids that provide direction or warn of hazards. The document focuses on the IALA-B buoyage system used in the US, which uses colors, shapes and numbers on cans and nuns to mark channels. It also discusses other systems like those for intracoastal waterways and provides examples of reading charts and interpreting navigation markers.

1. The Anchor Bend Securing a line to any ring or rail Tying to an ‘Anchor’

2. Aids To Navigation (Chapter V in student manual)

3. What we will cover… What are Aids to Navigation (ATONS)? Types of navigation aids Buoyage systems in the U.S. U.S. ATONS: IALA-B System Reading a chart Other buoyage systems encountered Other navigation aids encountered

4. What Are Aids to Navigation? Mark safe water and assist boat operators in determining their position in relation to land or hidden dangers ATONS

5. Types of Navigation Aids Lateral Information and Regulatory

6. Used in conjunction with Navigation Charts

7. Lateral Navigation Aids Mark edges of channels to tell which way open water is. Also know as: Day beacons Lights Buoys Day marks / Day shapes

8. Lateral Aids in Bodega Bay

10. Lateral Navigation Aids Mark edges of channels to tell which way open water is. Also know as: Day beacons Lights Buoys Day marks / Day shapes

12. Information and Regulatory Aids Give direction and information Warn of hazards and obstructions Mark controlled areas Mark closed areas Very common

13. Information & Regulatory Aids

14. Means to Relay Information Shapes C o l o r s Numbers Letters Lights Sounds

15. Lateral Aids in Navigation Mark the edge of safe water along a navigation route

16. Lateral Aids in Navigation Are used in conjunction with nautical charts

17. Navigational charts viewed on-line http:// www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov http://hd-sf.com/livemap.html

18. Buoyage Systems in the U.S. IALA (International Association of Lighthouse Authorities) IALA-A (Eastern Hemisphere) IALA-B (Western Hemisphere) Intra-coastal Waterways Uniform State Waterways “ Buoyage refers to all the different physical devices, buoys, lights, day boards that convey information to the mariner based upon colors, shapes and numbers.”

19. U.S ATONS: IALA-B System Western Hemisphere Lateral markers in the IALA-B system follow the 3R Rule : Red on Right when Returning upriver (or from sea)

20. IALA-B Markers Cans Cylindrical-shaped buoys are marked with green markings and odd numbers . They mark the left side of the channel as a boater enters from the open sea or heads upstream. Hint: “7Up” comes in a green can. Nuns Cone-shaped buoys are marked with red markings and even numbers . They mark the right side of the channel as a boater enters from the open sea or heads upstream. Hint: “V8” comes in a red bottle.

21. Other IALA-B Markers Lighted Buoys Buoys use lateral marker shapes, colors and numbers and have a matching colored light. Beacons, Day Boards and Daymarks Permanently placed signs attached to structures. Common daymarks are red triangles (equivalent to nuns) and green squares (equivalent to cans). These may also be lighted. Range Markers Found in pairs with one higher than the other. Indicate the center line of a channel by aligning both as you pass through the channel.

22. Preferred Channel Marks Junction markers indicate the preferred channel at points where the waterway splits or branches off in another direction

23. Reading A Chart The first marker seen entering from sea is the open, or safe water marker. The RW "G" means that it is a Red and White striped marker with, in this case, the letter "G" on it. or

24. Chart Exercise Bodega entrance Fl 4s 20ft 6M “B” HORN Flashes (at night) 4 seconds 20 feet high Can be seen 6 miles Letter “B” Sound: Horn

27. Reading A Chart The next marker you see as you enter this waterway is G "1" Fl G 4 sec . This tells you it is Green , has the number 1 on it, and it Flashes Green once each 4 seconds .

28. Reading A Chart R N "2" plus the red symbol indicates a Red Nun buoy with the even number 2 on it. Conversely G C "3", is a Green Can buoy with the odd number 3 on it.

29. Reading A Chart A junction marker referred to as RGN "C" uses its top color to show the primary channel ( Red and Green Nun buoy). Use the top color and shape as if it were a stand alone marker if you want to follow the primary channel. In this case leave the Red Nun to the right. Otherwise use the bottom color.

30. Other Buoyage Systems IALA-B Intra-coastal waterways (ICW) Uniform State Waterways

31. Intracoastal Waterways (ICW) Series of tributaries running parallel along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts from New Jersey to Texas Navigation aids along the ICW are the same as any other U.S. Waterway with the exception of yellow markings The yellow markings override the shape or color of the lateral markers they are affixed on Red, right, returning also applies to the ICW markers Generally South is considered returning

32. Intracoastal Waterways (ICW) Yellow Squares indicate you should keep this marker on your port side. Yellow Triangles indicate you should keep this marker on your starboard side.

33. Intracoastal Waterways (ICW)

34. Uniform State Waterways

35. Other Navigational Aids Have no lateral significance Used to mark a special feature or area Can be lighted with fixed or flashing light Special Marks

36. Yellow Markers = Caution Other Navigational Aids

37. Other Navigational Aids Indicate a danger which may be passed on all sides Erected on, or moored on or near danger Should not be approached closely without special caution Isolated Danger Marks

38. Other Navigational Aids Used to mark fairways, mid-channels, and offshore approach points Unobstructed water on all sides May be lettered, and may be lighted with a white light Safe Water Marks

39. Other Navigational Aids Range Markers Off to starboard Past the turning point

40. Range Marks in Bodega Bay

41. Other Markers You May Encounter Divers Flag indicates scuba divers or snorkelers are operating in area Alpha Flag Vessel engaged in diving operations

42. Navigation Technologies GPS chart plotter, fish finder No substitute for understanding ATONS Carry paper charts

43. ATON systems are NOT fail safe. Buoys can move / break mooring Shore-based markings can be obstructed (ie truck) This is an introductory course. If you need to rely on an ATON System, know how to use it before you are on the water.

44. Know which systems are used in your area. In addition, be aware of “local knowledge” Navigation & Navigational Aids

45. Fl R 15s 50ft HORNS Priv

48. Lateral Aids in S.F. Bay

55. Know which systems are used in your area. In addition, be aware of “local knowledge” It is the Operator’s responsibility to navigate safely and effectively Navigation & Navigational Aids

56. The Anchor Bend Securing a line to any ring or rail Tying to an ‘Anchor’