The document assesses the Brazilian Ministry of Defense and outlines its future direction. It describes the Ministry's mission to integrate and modernize Brazil's armed forces. However, it faces issues like cultural barriers from the military's historic autonomy, complacency within the organization, and lack of resources. The future direction calls for fully implementing the Ministry to overcome these challenges, minimize resistance to change, and make the case for more funding and support in order to address modern threats to Brazil's security.
The document discusses several key issues in homeland security and anti-terrorism efforts. It outlines the requirement for regular reviews of homeland security strategy. It also discusses the need for improved communication and information sharing between federal agencies and with private industries. Finally, it examines various challenges such as absorbing potential future attacks, balancing prosecution and intelligence efforts, and addressing both domestic and international terrorism threats going forward.
Peacebuilding and reconstruction ine aftermath of conflict the case of libe...Kayode Fayemi
Peacebuilding and reconstruction efforts require a holistic approach that addresses both short and long-term needs. Immediate relief efforts are important but not sufficient for sustainable peace and security. International actors should foster policy coherence, consult local communities, and consider how their actions may undermine stability, such as through arms sales or policies prioritizing macroeconomic targets over human welfare. A human security approach requires democratic governance, rule of law, development, and respect for human rights.
The document summarizes the U.S. national security policy process and the role of intelligence in supporting policymakers. It describes the main components of the policy process including the president, national security departments and agencies, the National Security Council, Congress, and the intelligence community. It discusses how these groups have varying interests and perspectives. It also outlines the intelligence cycle of planning and directing collection needs, collecting information, processing and analyzing the data, and disseminating intelligence reports to policymakers. The document notes both the importance of intelligence in informing policies, and the limitations of intelligence in the policymaking process.
This document provides an overview of executive and congressional oversight of the U.S. intelligence community. It discusses key issues in executive oversight including the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and its subset the President's Intelligence Oversight Board. It also covers congressional oversight authorities like budgets, investigations, and reporting requirements. Challenges in congressional oversight are explored such as balancing security needs with transparency, and internal dynamics like committee turf and the impact of external factors.
Preventing conflict and promoting peace and security within nepad and the afr...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses the peace and security cluster of NEPAD and its operational challenges. It notes that while NEPAD recognizes the importance of peace and security for development, the original document had a limited understanding of the linkages between governance, security, and development. The document summarizes additions made at a later meeting to strengthen the peace and security cluster, including emphasizing democracy, human rights, and a human security approach. It argues this conceptualization of security is commendable and should scaffold NEPAD's implementation. However, challenges remain in translating these understandings into specific policies and ensuring effective implementation.
The document discusses various strategies and laws related to counter-terrorism efforts over several decades. It summarizes key points as follows:
1. Laws and executive orders have aimed to broaden legal authorities to combat terrorism while maintaining civil liberties and oversight of intelligence activities.
2. Debates have occurred over the use of torture, military tribunals, warrantless surveillance, and information sharing between security agencies and law enforcement.
3. A consistent, multifaceted approach is needed to counter terrorism through political, legal, diplomatic, economic, and military means with realistic expectations and appropriate use of force.
Reflections on a Peace Building Approach to Conflict Prevention– Some Comment...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses a peacebuilding approach to conflict prevention in West Africa. It argues that peacebuilding must be linked to wider democratization and sustained development efforts. It analyzes the causes of conflicts in Africa, including shifts in global power relations after the Cold War, the rise of identity-based conflicts, increased availability of weapons, and the economic and political impacts of structural adjustment programs in the 1980s. The document calls for a human security approach focusing on four pillars: human security, democracy, transforming conflicts through political processes, and collective regional security.
The document discusses several key issues in homeland security and anti-terrorism efforts. It outlines the requirement for regular reviews of homeland security strategy. It also discusses the need for improved communication and information sharing between federal agencies and with private industries. Finally, it examines various challenges such as absorbing potential future attacks, balancing prosecution and intelligence efforts, and addressing both domestic and international terrorism threats going forward.
Peacebuilding and reconstruction ine aftermath of conflict the case of libe...Kayode Fayemi
Peacebuilding and reconstruction efforts require a holistic approach that addresses both short and long-term needs. Immediate relief efforts are important but not sufficient for sustainable peace and security. International actors should foster policy coherence, consult local communities, and consider how their actions may undermine stability, such as through arms sales or policies prioritizing macroeconomic targets over human welfare. A human security approach requires democratic governance, rule of law, development, and respect for human rights.
The document summarizes the U.S. national security policy process and the role of intelligence in supporting policymakers. It describes the main components of the policy process including the president, national security departments and agencies, the National Security Council, Congress, and the intelligence community. It discusses how these groups have varying interests and perspectives. It also outlines the intelligence cycle of planning and directing collection needs, collecting information, processing and analyzing the data, and disseminating intelligence reports to policymakers. The document notes both the importance of intelligence in informing policies, and the limitations of intelligence in the policymaking process.
This document provides an overview of executive and congressional oversight of the U.S. intelligence community. It discusses key issues in executive oversight including the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and its subset the President's Intelligence Oversight Board. It also covers congressional oversight authorities like budgets, investigations, and reporting requirements. Challenges in congressional oversight are explored such as balancing security needs with transparency, and internal dynamics like committee turf and the impact of external factors.
Preventing conflict and promoting peace and security within nepad and the afr...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses the peace and security cluster of NEPAD and its operational challenges. It notes that while NEPAD recognizes the importance of peace and security for development, the original document had a limited understanding of the linkages between governance, security, and development. The document summarizes additions made at a later meeting to strengthen the peace and security cluster, including emphasizing democracy, human rights, and a human security approach. It argues this conceptualization of security is commendable and should scaffold NEPAD's implementation. However, challenges remain in translating these understandings into specific policies and ensuring effective implementation.
The document discusses various strategies and laws related to counter-terrorism efforts over several decades. It summarizes key points as follows:
1. Laws and executive orders have aimed to broaden legal authorities to combat terrorism while maintaining civil liberties and oversight of intelligence activities.
2. Debates have occurred over the use of torture, military tribunals, warrantless surveillance, and information sharing between security agencies and law enforcement.
3. A consistent, multifaceted approach is needed to counter terrorism through political, legal, diplomatic, economic, and military means with realistic expectations and appropriate use of force.
Reflections on a Peace Building Approach to Conflict Prevention– Some Comment...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses a peacebuilding approach to conflict prevention in West Africa. It argues that peacebuilding must be linked to wider democratization and sustained development efforts. It analyzes the causes of conflicts in Africa, including shifts in global power relations after the Cold War, the rise of identity-based conflicts, increased availability of weapons, and the economic and political impacts of structural adjustment programs in the 1980s. The document calls for a human security approach focusing on four pillars: human security, democracy, transforming conflicts through political processes, and collective regional security.
This document provides an overview of business opportunities and services available through ASU SkySong in Scottsdale, Arizona. Key points include:
- ASU SkySong assists global companies entering the US market through soft landing services, business planning, university connections, and more.
- Major industry opportunities highlighted are information communication technologies and sustainability/renewable energy.
- Arizona and the Phoenix area provide a large market and business-friendly environment with a growing population and economy.
- ASU is a top research university that can provide connections to its research and resources to support global companies.
Sweet sorghum is a plant grown for its juice, which is extracted and boiled down into sorghum syrup. Specialized equipment is needed to mill the juice from the stalks and evaporate the water to make syrup. Sorghum syrup is a natural sweetener made from certain varieties of sorghum that are taller than grain sorghums and reach over 12 feet. The document provides information on growing, processing, and marketing sorghum syrup as a small farm enterprise and natural sweetener.
Zaffar Abbasi has extensive experience in strategic security management and analysis. He has affiliations with numerous international security organizations and has conducted research and analysis exchanged with universities worldwide on topics related to international security, military strategy, and conflict resolution. He has strategic corporate security management experience including threat analysis, disaster management, and security system integration.
The document discusses Apple's iCloud service. It provides an introduction to iCloud and its history, then discusses its key features like storage, backup and restore, Find My iPhone, Photo Stream, and iCloud's competitors like Google Drive, Dropbox, and Microsoft SkyDrive. The conclusion states that iCloud helps synchronize data across Macs, PCs and iOS devices.
This document is an essay examining the success of the United States in exporting liberal democracy. It argues that while the US has had some successes, such as establishing democracies in Germany and Japan after WWII, its efforts have been limited by an overly American-centric approach. Military interventions in places like Iraq and Afghanistan have undermined democracy, while the European Union has had more success using diplomacy and inclusion in international organizations to spread democracy. Ultimately, the essay concludes that the US has helped make democracy the predominant form of government globally but has also used its promotion of democracy to justify wars, hurting its legitimacy and the success of its policy.
The document discusses American foreign and defense policy. It outlines how the President guides foreign policy with the help of the State and Defense Departments. The State Department advises the President on diplomacy and includes the Foreign Service of ambassadors. The Defense Department is led by the Secretary of Defense and includes the military branches that advise on defense issues. The document then reviews the history of American foreign policy and involvement in international organizations like the UN.
This document provides information about the 16th Annual Southern Building Show & Conference taking place from June 4-6, 2009 at the Cobb Galleria Centre in Atlanta, Georgia. It includes the schedule of events, education sessions, list of exhibitors and floor plan of the venue. The event will feature nearly 40 education sessions, an exhibit hall with hundreds of product showcases, and social networking events including a reception and a party with live entertainment.
This document provides information on flame weeding as a non-chemical weed control technique for vegetable crops. It discusses using flame weeding pre-emergence through stale seedbed and peak emergence techniques to control the first flush of weeds. It also covers post-emergence flaming methods like cross flaming, parallel flaming, and middle flaming to selectively control weeds in emerged crops. The document outlines benefits farmers have seen from flame weeding like greatly reducing labor costs for hand weeding and achieving nearly weed-free beds.
1) New challenges for education systems include preparing students for dynamic global markets, networked organizations, and lifelong learning.
2) International assessments show large differences between countries in student performance in science and mathematics that impact their economic competitiveness.
3) Education systems need to set high standards, give schools autonomy, focus on equity, and support continuous professional development for teachers to help students develop skills for the 21st century like collaboration, adaptability, and problem solving.
James W. Bilbro is an expert consultant with over 40 years of experience in aerospace systems and technology assessment for NASA, the Department of Energy, and the US Air Force. He specializes in technology readiness levels, risk identification, and developing processes for assessing cost, schedule, and risk of new technologies. Some of his accomplishments include refining the Technology Readiness Level scale and developing automated assessment tools. He currently provides consulting services and lectures on various aspects of technology assessment.
Rebooting The Electronics Industry After The Economic CrisisPaul Brody
The reeling financial markets are challenging global business leaders to aggressively rethink their strategies. Across the electronics industry, effects are likely to be quite different, reflecting the enormous diversity of the industry itself. From consumer electronics to medical devices, industry sub-segments will have to respond – each in its own way – to lower consumer spending and stricter access to capital.
- Mexico has vast oil and natural gas reserves, including unconventional resources like shale, but Pemex lacks the technology and experience to fully tap these reserves. Bringing in international oil companies could help Mexico increase production and improve energy security.
- Mexico currently imports refined fuels like gasoline and liquefied natural gas due to insufficient domestic refining and transportation infrastructure, making it vulnerable. The energy reform aims to attract private investment to boost production and processing.
- The reform will not privatize Pemex or allow private ownership of hydrocarbons in the ground, but may permit partnerships where private companies conduct exploration and production activities under new contract terms. This could incentivize more domestic and foreign private investment and technology transfer
Romney believes a strong U.S. military makes the world safer and wants to increase defense spending. He thinks Obama has weakened al Qaeda but needs to reassert U.S. power internationally. Both aim to curb nuclear weapons and want progress in Afghanistan.
The document provides information about an event being held by MSC Cruises to celebrate the arrival of one of their cruise ships to the United States. It includes an invitation for travel agents to attend an evening of cocktails, dinner, dancing and a show onboard the ship in Fort Lauderdale on January 9, 2009, along with an overnight stay. Details are provided about the event schedule and activities, and photos show examples of stateroom categories that will be available for viewing.
This document provides information about Pace 49, a company that manufactures cleaning and disinfecting products for the food manufacturing, agriculture, and livestock industries. They offer a full range of services including product manufacturing, training, audits, and food safety systems. Their main focus is on developing cleaning and disinfecting solutions using their ACBD (Always Clean Before Disinfecting) system to help customers produce and provide safer products from farm to table. They have manufacturing facilities in Canada and the US and supply high-quality cleaning and water treatment products.
Smart Power: the Future of Electric Utilities in the US and China, Peter Fox-...Beijing Energy Network
In the presentation Dr. Fox-Penner will be summarizing the key topics in his book, namely the shifts required in the US power grid to change from a centralized, vertically-integrated energy infrastructure to a more distributed generation infrastructure. He will cover the decarbonization of the US power sector as well as the impact of “smart grid” developments. Finally, he will contrast the US situation with that of China and talk about the impact of large amounts of renewables integration on the grid.
1) Security sector reform has become an important component of the "whole of government" approach to addressing security challenges. The UK in particular has made security sector reform one of the military's eight defence missions.
2) The UK established interdepartmental funding pools like the Global Conflict Prevention Pool to improve coordination between departments on conflict prevention strategies and security sector reform programs.
3) These funding pools receive both overseas development assistance funds and non-ODA funds from the Ministry of Defence, Department for International Development, and Foreign and Commonwealth Office according to jointly agreed strategies.
This document proposes a theoretical framework for force design to guide defense planning. It begins by defining force design as conceptualizing, developing, and evaluating alternative military capabilities to meet defense requirements. It then presents an analytical construct that abstracts military capabilities into component elements and explains their relationships. Finally, it offers a framework integrating these concepts into a hierarchy with processes for devising defense alternatives even with limited knowledge. The goal is to provide a useful tool for relating capability requirements to defense demands in an uncertain threat environment, and for specifying new capabilities that could lead to different choices under adaptation, modernization or transformation.
CIA Stratergic Communication - September 2004Khairi Aiman
This report is a product of the Defense Science Board (DSB). The DSB is a Federal
Advisory Committee established to provide independent advice to the Secretary of
Defense. Statements, opinions, conclusions, and recommendations in this report do
not necessarily represent the official position of the Department of Defense.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIESMonique Carr
Private military companies (PMCs) provide military and security services via contracts. They offer flexibility by quickly deploying specialized forces, but come with risks like unclear legal status and less accountability. While PMCs can increase effectiveness by outsourcing some tasks, they may be more expensive and unreliable in dangerous areas. Their use also raises concerns about transparency, accountability, and the privatization of military force.
This document proposes a new conceptual framework called "Force Design" for defense planning. Force Design aims to define affordable and credible military capabilities that balance current resources with future threats. It involves determining required capabilities, connecting strategies to political objectives, and relating budgets to capabilities. The framework would provide concepts and logic to guide defense reform by identifying capabilities, evaluating performance, and integrating policy, strategy, and resources instead of treating them as isolated processes. It seeks to overcome outdated Cold War-era approaches and increase efficiency, effectiveness and democratic control of defense.
This document provides an overview of business opportunities and services available through ASU SkySong in Scottsdale, Arizona. Key points include:
- ASU SkySong assists global companies entering the US market through soft landing services, business planning, university connections, and more.
- Major industry opportunities highlighted are information communication technologies and sustainability/renewable energy.
- Arizona and the Phoenix area provide a large market and business-friendly environment with a growing population and economy.
- ASU is a top research university that can provide connections to its research and resources to support global companies.
Sweet sorghum is a plant grown for its juice, which is extracted and boiled down into sorghum syrup. Specialized equipment is needed to mill the juice from the stalks and evaporate the water to make syrup. Sorghum syrup is a natural sweetener made from certain varieties of sorghum that are taller than grain sorghums and reach over 12 feet. The document provides information on growing, processing, and marketing sorghum syrup as a small farm enterprise and natural sweetener.
Zaffar Abbasi has extensive experience in strategic security management and analysis. He has affiliations with numerous international security organizations and has conducted research and analysis exchanged with universities worldwide on topics related to international security, military strategy, and conflict resolution. He has strategic corporate security management experience including threat analysis, disaster management, and security system integration.
The document discusses Apple's iCloud service. It provides an introduction to iCloud and its history, then discusses its key features like storage, backup and restore, Find My iPhone, Photo Stream, and iCloud's competitors like Google Drive, Dropbox, and Microsoft SkyDrive. The conclusion states that iCloud helps synchronize data across Macs, PCs and iOS devices.
This document is an essay examining the success of the United States in exporting liberal democracy. It argues that while the US has had some successes, such as establishing democracies in Germany and Japan after WWII, its efforts have been limited by an overly American-centric approach. Military interventions in places like Iraq and Afghanistan have undermined democracy, while the European Union has had more success using diplomacy and inclusion in international organizations to spread democracy. Ultimately, the essay concludes that the US has helped make democracy the predominant form of government globally but has also used its promotion of democracy to justify wars, hurting its legitimacy and the success of its policy.
The document discusses American foreign and defense policy. It outlines how the President guides foreign policy with the help of the State and Defense Departments. The State Department advises the President on diplomacy and includes the Foreign Service of ambassadors. The Defense Department is led by the Secretary of Defense and includes the military branches that advise on defense issues. The document then reviews the history of American foreign policy and involvement in international organizations like the UN.
This document provides information about the 16th Annual Southern Building Show & Conference taking place from June 4-6, 2009 at the Cobb Galleria Centre in Atlanta, Georgia. It includes the schedule of events, education sessions, list of exhibitors and floor plan of the venue. The event will feature nearly 40 education sessions, an exhibit hall with hundreds of product showcases, and social networking events including a reception and a party with live entertainment.
This document provides information on flame weeding as a non-chemical weed control technique for vegetable crops. It discusses using flame weeding pre-emergence through stale seedbed and peak emergence techniques to control the first flush of weeds. It also covers post-emergence flaming methods like cross flaming, parallel flaming, and middle flaming to selectively control weeds in emerged crops. The document outlines benefits farmers have seen from flame weeding like greatly reducing labor costs for hand weeding and achieving nearly weed-free beds.
1) New challenges for education systems include preparing students for dynamic global markets, networked organizations, and lifelong learning.
2) International assessments show large differences between countries in student performance in science and mathematics that impact their economic competitiveness.
3) Education systems need to set high standards, give schools autonomy, focus on equity, and support continuous professional development for teachers to help students develop skills for the 21st century like collaboration, adaptability, and problem solving.
James W. Bilbro is an expert consultant with over 40 years of experience in aerospace systems and technology assessment for NASA, the Department of Energy, and the US Air Force. He specializes in technology readiness levels, risk identification, and developing processes for assessing cost, schedule, and risk of new technologies. Some of his accomplishments include refining the Technology Readiness Level scale and developing automated assessment tools. He currently provides consulting services and lectures on various aspects of technology assessment.
Rebooting The Electronics Industry After The Economic CrisisPaul Brody
The reeling financial markets are challenging global business leaders to aggressively rethink their strategies. Across the electronics industry, effects are likely to be quite different, reflecting the enormous diversity of the industry itself. From consumer electronics to medical devices, industry sub-segments will have to respond – each in its own way – to lower consumer spending and stricter access to capital.
- Mexico has vast oil and natural gas reserves, including unconventional resources like shale, but Pemex lacks the technology and experience to fully tap these reserves. Bringing in international oil companies could help Mexico increase production and improve energy security.
- Mexico currently imports refined fuels like gasoline and liquefied natural gas due to insufficient domestic refining and transportation infrastructure, making it vulnerable. The energy reform aims to attract private investment to boost production and processing.
- The reform will not privatize Pemex or allow private ownership of hydrocarbons in the ground, but may permit partnerships where private companies conduct exploration and production activities under new contract terms. This could incentivize more domestic and foreign private investment and technology transfer
Romney believes a strong U.S. military makes the world safer and wants to increase defense spending. He thinks Obama has weakened al Qaeda but needs to reassert U.S. power internationally. Both aim to curb nuclear weapons and want progress in Afghanistan.
The document provides information about an event being held by MSC Cruises to celebrate the arrival of one of their cruise ships to the United States. It includes an invitation for travel agents to attend an evening of cocktails, dinner, dancing and a show onboard the ship in Fort Lauderdale on January 9, 2009, along with an overnight stay. Details are provided about the event schedule and activities, and photos show examples of stateroom categories that will be available for viewing.
This document provides information about Pace 49, a company that manufactures cleaning and disinfecting products for the food manufacturing, agriculture, and livestock industries. They offer a full range of services including product manufacturing, training, audits, and food safety systems. Their main focus is on developing cleaning and disinfecting solutions using their ACBD (Always Clean Before Disinfecting) system to help customers produce and provide safer products from farm to table. They have manufacturing facilities in Canada and the US and supply high-quality cleaning and water treatment products.
Smart Power: the Future of Electric Utilities in the US and China, Peter Fox-...Beijing Energy Network
In the presentation Dr. Fox-Penner will be summarizing the key topics in his book, namely the shifts required in the US power grid to change from a centralized, vertically-integrated energy infrastructure to a more distributed generation infrastructure. He will cover the decarbonization of the US power sector as well as the impact of “smart grid” developments. Finally, he will contrast the US situation with that of China and talk about the impact of large amounts of renewables integration on the grid.
1) Security sector reform has become an important component of the "whole of government" approach to addressing security challenges. The UK in particular has made security sector reform one of the military's eight defence missions.
2) The UK established interdepartmental funding pools like the Global Conflict Prevention Pool to improve coordination between departments on conflict prevention strategies and security sector reform programs.
3) These funding pools receive both overseas development assistance funds and non-ODA funds from the Ministry of Defence, Department for International Development, and Foreign and Commonwealth Office according to jointly agreed strategies.
This document proposes a theoretical framework for force design to guide defense planning. It begins by defining force design as conceptualizing, developing, and evaluating alternative military capabilities to meet defense requirements. It then presents an analytical construct that abstracts military capabilities into component elements and explains their relationships. Finally, it offers a framework integrating these concepts into a hierarchy with processes for devising defense alternatives even with limited knowledge. The goal is to provide a useful tool for relating capability requirements to defense demands in an uncertain threat environment, and for specifying new capabilities that could lead to different choices under adaptation, modernization or transformation.
CIA Stratergic Communication - September 2004Khairi Aiman
This report is a product of the Defense Science Board (DSB). The DSB is a Federal
Advisory Committee established to provide independent advice to the Secretary of
Defense. Statements, opinions, conclusions, and recommendations in this report do
not necessarily represent the official position of the Department of Defense.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIESMonique Carr
Private military companies (PMCs) provide military and security services via contracts. They offer flexibility by quickly deploying specialized forces, but come with risks like unclear legal status and less accountability. While PMCs can increase effectiveness by outsourcing some tasks, they may be more expensive and unreliable in dangerous areas. Their use also raises concerns about transparency, accountability, and the privatization of military force.
This document proposes a new conceptual framework called "Force Design" for defense planning. Force Design aims to define affordable and credible military capabilities that balance current resources with future threats. It involves determining required capabilities, connecting strategies to political objectives, and relating budgets to capabilities. The framework would provide concepts and logic to guide defense reform by identifying capabilities, evaluating performance, and integrating policy, strategy, and resources instead of treating them as isolated processes. It seeks to overcome outdated Cold War-era approaches and increase efficiency, effectiveness and democratic control of defense.
The document discusses implementing a new strategy for the Brazilian Ministry of Defense (MD). [1] The strategy aims to consolidate a unified defense structure and influence external actors to reduce resource gaps. [2] A commission of experts will help update defense policy and recommend modernizing the national defense system. [3] The strategy implementation faces potential resistance from the military but will realign the MD to adapt to a changing security environment.
Comments on the human security aspect of the poverty reduction guidelinesKayode Fayemi
The document discusses the human security dimension of poverty reduction guidelines. It analyzes four typical policy levers proposed in the guidelines: 1) Support for peace building and reconstruction, 2) Support for state monopoly of means of coercion, 3) Promoting social coherence through civil society and tolerance, and 4) Building assets against disasters and economic shocks. However, the document argues that the assumptions and focus on the state in the guidelines provide an incomplete picture in Africa given increasing state illegitimacy. A human security approach requires considering non-state actors and the complex local and international dimensions driving conflicts on the continent.
This document discusses homeland security and the role of law enforcement agencies. It defines homeland security as protecting lives, property and infrastructure by preventing terrorism, responding to attacks, and providing technical support. It outlines several government agencies involved in homeland security like the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, and intelligence community. It also discusses the development of intelligence systems at state and local levels to facilitate information sharing between law enforcement agencies according to legal guidelines. Overall, the document examines how law enforcement can contribute to homeland security through intelligence gathering, analysis, and collaboration with federal partners.
The Army War College annual Strategy conferences are generally a decade or more ahead of what the generals can handle. This is a summary of the 2008 conference.
There appears to be a growing convergence between the police and the military of Western developed states. This has been argued to be problematic for a number of reasons, including the fact that this is out of step with current post-conflict peacebuilding efforts that aim to ensure a strict separation of these two agencies. This paper investigates the police-military relationship in contemporary peace operations from a number of different angles. It considers points of convergence and divergence both in theoretical terms and in different case studies, and investigates doctrinal developments that have been undertaken in recent efforts to demarcate these two roles more clearly. The paper argues that there are continuing significant functional and symbolic differences between these two agencies. Furthermore, there are practical and normative advantages to be gained from utilising police and military in distinctive ways in contemporary peace operations, and more needs to be done to establish what those appropriate ways for utilising those different agencies actually are in various security contexts.
Dr Greener is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Massey University and has published widely on international security-related matters; her book The New International Policing was published in 2009. Dr Fish is an Associate Professor in Philosophy at Massey University.
This document summarizes the history of international military relations, particularly between northern and southern states. It argues that while defence diplomacy is conducted between formally equal sovereign states, in reality international hierarchy and northern attempts to organize armed forces in the south have long shaped these relations.
The document outlines how European military organization was exported globally through empire and colonialism. Local forces were recruited and trained to serve imperial interests. After independence, northern militaries transitioned to an advisory role, though continue influencing southern armed forces through training and assistance. Defence diplomacy takes place in this historical context of globalized military institutions and ongoing northern efforts to shape forces in the south.
Running Head SITUATION AUDIT THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: SITUATION AUDIT: THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 1
28
SITUATION AUDIT: THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Situation Audit: The Department of Defense
Anita Flack-Colón
February 7, 2017
University of Maryland University College
Executive Summary
The intent of this report is to evaluate the performance and environment of the U.S Department of Defense to provide recognition of strengths and recommendations of potential growth opportunities. Since the American Revolution, the Defense Department has been entrusted with the vital responsibility to protect the American people. Their mission is to “provide the military forces needed to deter war and to protect the security of the country” (U.S. Department of Defense, 2017, para. 9). The mission statement has been broadly crafted in order to encompass various contingency actions and guard the safety of the American citizens. The current structure of the department aligns with the proper way to complete the mission and each component receives direction on their role in achieving the unified mission. It is a vital responsibility to uphold the safety of the country, so it is imperative that talented personnel coincides in the department. The procedure that Congress distributes budget allocation to the DoD is explained, and this dictates the fiscal projection and initiatives for the fiscal year. A portion of investments is allocated to maintain a competitive advantage in a technology-advancing world. The agency accounts for a significant portion of the federal government’s assets; however, the precise representation of its physical resources has been compromised due to accountability issues. The DoD was established from the preexisting defense components and has subsequently adopted an autocratic leadership style. The Defense Department most significant strength is its personnel. In addition to the personnel, the department has significant strength is its financial security that has inadvertently contributed to the Department of Defense’s biggest weakness of properly conducting financial management. The bureaucratic approach has been detrimental to its capacity to implement reform within the department. Conclusions and suggestions for the DoD based on the findings are provided.
Introduction
The United States Department of Defense (DoD) is a federal organization that is abundantly familiar to most. The success of the department continues to impact the world in many ways. The intent of this report is to critically analyze the performance and environment of the department to provide insight to strengths and potential areas for growth. The DoD’s mission, values, and goals are stated and are utilized to evaluate its strategic objectives. The organizational size and structure is identified to provide understanding of its impact on performance. The Defense Department’s human capital, financial, technological, and physical assets are analyzed to optimize organizationa ...
The document summarizes an international conference on building security capacity held from September 6-8, 2011 in Washington DC. The conference was co-sponsored by the Australian Civil-Military Centre and the US Center for Complex Operations. Key topics discussed included lessons learned from security sector capacity building efforts, disarmament and demobilization programs, and the importance of civil-military cooperation in peace and stabilization operations. Presenters emphasized the need for context-specific approaches, long-term capacity building led by the host country, and maintaining security gains through political and economic development.
This document provides a summary of key concepts from lecture material on modern world governments and foreign policy decision making. It covers topics like deterrence, the obsolescence of war, the security dilemma, counterbalancing, crisis management, and the roles of bureaucracies, interest groups, public opinion, and legislatures in shaping foreign policy. Methods of decision making at the individual, group, and state levels are examined. The document also summarizes concepts relating to the Strategic Defense Initiative, including the Airborne Laser system and kinetic energy interceptors used for missile defense.
Reforming Civil Military Relations for Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria - Iss...Kayode Fayemi
This document discusses reforming civil-military relations in Nigeria for sustainable democracy. It identifies several obstacles to achieving stable civil-military relations, including the military's legacy from colonial rule, the civilian elite's lack of knowledge about the military, and the military's lack of a clear mission. The document compares experiences in other countries and discusses several options and issues to consider in reforming Nigeria's civil-military relations, including refocusing the military's mission, subordinating the military to civilian control, and addressing human rights abuses.
1
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
Newport, R.I.
THREADING THE NEEDLE: HOW THE UNITED STATES NORTHERN COMMAND
CAN CREATE EFFECTIVE INTERAGENCY RELATIONSHIPS
by
Michael F. Morris
Lieutenant Colonel, USAF
A paper submitted to the Faculty of the Naval War College in partial satisfaction of the
requirements of the Department of Joint Military Operations.
The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by
the Naval War College or the Department of the Navy.
Signature: _____________________________
13 May 2000
________________________________
Albion A. Bergstrom
Professor, JMO Department
________________________________
CAPT Mark D. Seaman, USN
Professor, JMO Department
________________________________
COL Kevin G. Merrigan, USA
Faculty Advisor
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
1. Report Security Classification: UNCLASSIFIED
2. Security Classification Authority:
3. Declassification/Downgrading Schedule:
4. Distribution/Availability of Report: DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE;
DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED.
5. Name of Performing Organization : JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
6. Office Symbol :
C
7. Address:
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
686 CUSHING ROAD
NEWPORT, RI 02841-1207
8. Title (Include Security Classification): THREADING THE NEEDLE: HOW THE UNITED STATES NORTHERN
COMMAND CAN CREATE EFFECTIVE INTERAGENCY RELATIONSHIPS
9. Personal Authors : Lieutenant Colonel Michael F. Morris, USAF
10.Type of Report: FINAL 11. Date of Report: 13 MAY
2002
12.Page Count : 23 12A Paper Advisor (if any): COL Kevin G. Merrigan, USA
13.Supplementary Notation: A paper submitted to the Faculty of the NWC in partial satisfaction of the requirements of
the JMO Department. The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by the
NWC or the Department of the Navy.
14. Ten key words that relate to your paper: United States Northern Command, NORTHCOM, homeland security, homeland defense,
interagency, Unified Command Plan, coordination, cooperation, memorandum of agreement, exercise planning
15.Abstract: This paper addresses the significant operational, political, and organizational risks inherent in the implementation of United
States Northern Command, or NORTHCOM, and how the command can mitigate those risks by carefully managing their relationships
with the homeland security interagency players. After briefly reviewing homeland security organizational issues, the author proposes
three areas of potential problems -- budget authority, unclear lines of authority and responsibility, and a lack of communication,
command, and control relationships among interagency players. To address these problems, the author suggests NORTHCOM focus on
five characteristics of their interage.
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O documento discute a contribuição da Escola Naval brasileira para o desenvolvimento de líderes de combate para a Marinha. A EN capacita oficiais por meio de cursos teóricos e treinamentos práticos que desenvolvem espírito de corpo e habilidades de liderança. A EN prepara oficiais melhor do que a Academia Naval dos EUA em alguns aspectos como carga horária obrigatória e influência do Corpo de Aspirantes.
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THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Brazilian Ministry of Defence
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Select and assess a complex national security organization which faces an issue(s),
challenge(s), or dilemma(s) that requires making strategic decisions. Describe the future
direction that the organization should pursue with sufficient clarity to serve as a
foundation for the implementation of those decisions.
INTRODUCTION
This paper will assess the Brazilian Ministry of Defense (Ministério da Defesa – MD)
and present its future direction from the point of view of a just sworn in Minister. He is expected
to give an address in a few days to the most important security studies institution in Brazil, the
Army War College (Escola Superior de Guerra - ESG). The statements and opinions presented
by the student do not represent the views of any branch of the Brazilian Government or Ministry
of Defense.
BACKGROUND
At the creation of MD in 2000, Brazil was one of the few countries in world which had
its Armed Forces (Forças Armadas - FFAA) out of control of a unified structure. This was result
of the political autonomy the military kept after leaving power in 1985 after 21 years of rule. The
constitution adopted in 1988 did not change the fact that there were six cabinet posts for military
officers – Navy, Army, Air Force, Armed Forces General Staff, Military Household and National
Intelligence Service.
The second civilian administration after the military regime was inaugurated in 1995.
President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a former advocate of the Dependency Theory and
persecuted by the military governments, considered this status quo inconsistent with a
democratic state and his idea of bidding for a United Nations Security Council seat. His
administration determined studies for the creation of a Ministry of Defense. In this process, for
the first time in Brazilian history, the government published an overarching defense policy
document (Política de Defesa Nacional - PDN). Although it was not considered by many
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appropriate as a declaratory document, PDN had made case for concept changes in security and
defense by addressing the new environment shaped by domestic political stability, the end of
Cold war, globalization and regional economic integration through South Cone Common Market
(Mercado Comum do Cone Sul – MERCOSUL).
Policymaking in Brazil is reactive in nature. If nothing extraordinary happens, society
and politicians do not pay much attention to subjects such as defense reformulation policy. Then
MD was practically created by Presidential decrees.
MISSION
Besides the intention of cutting the political autonomy of the military, MD was created to
integrate, modernize and rationalize the Armed Forces and other components of the national
defense system in order to dissuade adversaries, state and non-state, by imposing a high cost to
an occasional military option.
The MD overarching and guiding objectives are: promulgate national defense and
military policies, conduct operational and strategic intelligence and coordinate research and
development in the interest of defense and propose the defense budget.
STAKEHOLDERS EXPECTATION
The return to democratic rule and the impression that Armed Forces were not as
necessary as they had been during Cold War created an environment where people and political
actors have very low, if any, expectations about defense issues. This was different before mainly
because military administrations presented Argentina, also ruled by military, and the domestic
insurgency as threats to National security.
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Now defense discussions are restricted to the academics and Congress Foreign Affairs
Commissions.
The executive branch is concerned with economic stability and spending in defense does
not sound appropriate given Brazilian social inequality. MD is expected to understand the need
for budget surplus and keep the maximum of readiness, deployment in United Nations missions
included, with the minimum of spending.
The lawmakers are interested in our activities only when it is relevant for their political
bases. They count on MD to provide, in a fast and cheap way, human relief and security when
the responsible organizations fail to do it.
The society and the media have a dual perception of MD: they support us when we are
ordered to fill some institutional gap but they disapprove any of our actions in case there is any
resemblance with the authoritarian period even if it is not intended.
The defense-related industries, domestic and foreign, are interested in the direction our
means and systems renovation is going to take.
Developed countries, which are usual destinations of drug trafficking, push for military
participation in law enforcement.
STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS (SWOT)
Strengths:
• Training. Considering the limited resources and the fact that Armed Forces are not all-
volunteer, the training standards and level are high.
• Research. Like training, the results are positive despite the lack of funding.
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• Intelligence Services. After losing the “state police” attitude from the military rule period,
the Armed Forces kept the know-how and are willing to help the Brazilian Intelligence
Agency (Agência Brasileira de Inteligência – ABIN).
• Non-traditional military operations. MD has a structure which favors quick deployment of
human relief operations and is very knowledgeable about peacekeeping missions under the
mandate of United Nations or Organization of American States.
In some remote places of Amazon Region, military are the only representatives of the state
by providing any assistance needed.
Weaknesses:
The cultural factor, to be discussed later, is responsible for much of the weaknesses presented.
• Transparency. MD did not manage yet to establish a clear flow of information about
defense matters between military and civilian communities.
• Self-assessment. The lack of open debate about security causes the impression that
everything is being done the right way.
• Gaining resource support. MD efforts to make a convincing case to the stakeholders did
not succeed.
Opportunities:
• Regional stability. Despite some pending domestic and international issues, the South
America is a very calm region in comparison with others. The ongoing process of economic
integration can be a good reason for negotiations about hemispheric defense.
• Globalization. We can take advantages of the current trade negotiations with other
developing nations to develop joint–ventures in defense projects.
Threats:
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• Transnational crime. It is not a core responsibility but, in case it escapes the control of the
Federal and States police forces, Armed Forces can be called to intervene. If considered
isolated, narcoterrorists in Amazon region of neighboring countries and drug trafficking
gangs in Brazilian major cities do not present a great danger to National Security. But they
are already cooperating and this can be destabilizing if they get closer. Also in Amazon
region, biopiracy may become an issue to be addressed.
• Obsolescence. The lack of resources for both acquiring new systems and paying for the
maintenance parts and services of old ones makes deterrence more complicated.
CULTURE
The organization has a very short existence and still struggles with the discontent caused
by the end of the political autonomy of Armed Forces.
Stovepipes: Even after the creation of the Ministry, the services are autonomous about their
singular policies.
Sub-cultures: Military establishment and the civilian branches tend to see each other as rivals.
Within the Armed Forces, the esprit de corps sometimes blurs overall perspective.
Complacency: As result of what was mentioned before about internal culture and lack of debate
with external actors, MD tends to believe that there is no need for change.
Resistance: The lethargic pace of the implementation of the Ministry itself is one effect of this
characteristic.
Positive cultures: The research and operative (tactical) branches are very creative in surviving
the scarcity of funds.
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CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT
Individual Armed Forces autonomy, complacency and resistance make any attempt of
internal control challenging.
External control is more evident only when internal investigations gain notoriety for any
reason but even in these cases the stakeholders involved seem to be more interested in publicity
than in problem solution.
ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
Given the stakeholders’ expectations, the internal cultural characteristics and the threats
to our National Security and to our readiness posed by imminent obsolescence of means and
systems, the Ministry of Defense needs to implement its full organization in order to make a
convincing case for gaining resource support.
For that, our decision objective must be:
• Pick the most cost-effective method to organize the MD in such a way that allows it to
exceed current standards and to campaign to reduce resources gap.
And our analytic objectives:
• Compare the cost and effectiveness of administrative reform, reality check of current
defense programs followed by recommendation of spending cuts and the combination
of them.
• With MD structure properly consolidated, compare the cost and effectiveness of trying
to influence directly the thinking of legislators or other public officials for funding, to
influence the public (voters) or both.
The preliminary timeline for analysis is six months from now.
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The analysis will take into consideration the assumption that there will not be major
economic disruptions in next decade, which can be done based on the fact that economy
indicators have been stable for three years with growth trend. As ideological given, alternatives
that undermine the authority or the chain of command within individual Armed Forces shall not
be considered.
Cost and effectiveness will be measured under the aegis of Validity, Reliability and
Practicality tests.
RISK AND UNCERTAINTY
A great deal of our problem is the uncertainty created by stakeholders’ behavior, the
degree of asymmetry of our potential adversaries and our precarious capacity of self-assessment.
Keeping this status quo increases the probability of failure in accomplishing our mission to very
high levels. We cannot accept this escalation in risk. That is why we must fully implement MD,
minimize resistance and complacency and, by doing this, call the stakeholders attention to our
needs.
RESOURCES
MD needs to harmonize human and knowledge resources under a unified structure. The
material resources problem solution is part of the analytical process.
VISION
“This ministry is fully committed to make Defense a subject as important as economy or
politics to the Brazilian people. And this will happen because all of us, civilians and
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military of the three Armed Forces, are going to put maximum effort to make them realize
that their security is protected.”
ALIGNMENT
The vision provides basic guidance which is consistent with the organization’s values and
calls for hard work in an integrated environment.
MAKING A CHOICE
Although optimal solutions are desired, the resources constraints do not leave enough
room for those. Our organization needs to test the adequacy of proposed solutions and identify
when to satisfice.
ANALYSIS & INTUITION
The fact that culture plays a major role in this organization allows us to classify the
situation as complex because a rational approach does not seem appropriate the deal with very
specific patterns and behaviors, some of them probably still unknown. As we take the pulse of
the organization, we can become less intuitive.
OVERARCHING STRATEGY
In the beginning MD will approach the strategy execution by acting in a sequential way
and disseminating formal directions. Later, if the alignment is being achieved, the organization
will consider less rigidity towards a tradeoff.
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RESOURCES NEEDED
It is expected that the strengthening of MD structure, derived from the lift of the cultural
barriers, will help to close the resource gap with wiser spending. We will look forward to
achieving common goals rather than investing in single projects just because “it was always this
way”.
CONCLUSION
Despite being created more by political reasons than security ones, the Ministry of
Defense is more than welcome to a country like Brazil. In order to focus in the challenges
presented by modern times, its structure needs to be put into full operation without delays caused
by historical and cultural resentments. Only this way the organization will have the political
capital for impressing those who provide resources needed for accomplishing its mission.