This document presents research on using bottom ash, a byproduct of coal burning, to replace fine aggregates in concrete. A group of students conducted experiments with 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% replacement of fine sand with bottom ash. Test results showed compressive strengths of 49.7, 47.8, 43.6, and 41.2 MPa at 28 days, respectively, indicating strength decreases as replacement increases. While bottom ash concrete is weaker, it can replace lower grade concretes. Using bottom ash in this way utilizes a waste product, reduces environmental contamination from ash disposal, and decreases demand for natural sand.

1. “BOTTOM ASH
AS A REPLACEMENT OF FINE
AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE”
PROJECT GUIDE – Prof. BALAMURGAN.S

2. GROUP MEMBERS
▪ 1.LOKESH SINGH 15BCL0182
▪ 2.ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI 15BCL0189
▪ 3.DAKSH KUMAR 15BCL0245
▪ 4.P.SIVARAMAN 15BCL0310
▪ 5.SHUBHAM SARAOGI 15BCL0324
▪ 6.R.ARIVOLI 15BCL0407

3. INTRODUCTION
➢Bottom ash is the fine, solid mineral residue that results from the
burning of coal in boilers .
➢It is a dark grey colour, granular and porous in nature.
➢These bottom ash are disposed off either dry or wet to an open area by
mixing it with water and pumping into artificial lagoon or dumping
yards.

4. OBJECTIVE
o This paper presents the experimental investigations carried out to
study the effect of use of bottom ash as a replacement of fine
aggregates.
o The strength development for various percentages
(0%,20%,40%,60%) replacement of fine aggregates with bottom ash
can easily be equated to the strength development of normal concrete
✓Utilization of bottom ash in concrete will reduce the contamination of
the environment.
✓To reduce the demand for natural sand.
✓Disposal of bottom ash will be eco – friendly.
✓Bottom ash concrete economically acceptable.

5. LITERATURE REVIEW
➢Following researchers have done bottom ash concrete
experimentally,
✓Andrade L.B and Rocha (2009)
✓Chai Jaturapitakkul and Raungrut Cheerarot (2003)
✓ Trakool Aramraks (2006)
✓Aggarwal P. and AggarwalY. (2007)
✓H.K. kim and H.K. Lee (2011)
✓Ratchet Kasemchaisir and Somnuk Tangtermsirikul (2008)
✓Mohr Syahrul Hisyam bin Mohd Sani and Fadhluhartini bt Muftah
(2010)

6. METHODOLOGY
TEST SPECIMEN AND TEST PROCEDURES:
➢The specimen will be casted targeting M40 grade concrete. Coarse
aggregate of size 20 mm will be used
➢Sand has been replaced by “BOTTOM ASH” in the composition of
20%,40% and 60% of its weight.
➢The workability of fresh concrete will be measured in terms of slump
values .
STRENGTH TEST:
➢Compressive strength by cubes of dimensions: (100*100*100)mm

7. MIX DESIGN
a) Grade Designing – M40
b) Type of Cement – OPC 53 grade (conf. IS 8112)
c) Maximum Nominal size of aggregate – 20 mm
d) Minimum cement content – 250 kg/m3
e) Maximum water-cement ratio – 0.45
f) Workability – 100 mm (slump)
g) Exposure condition – Severe (for plain concrete)
h) Type of Aggregate – Crushed angular aggregate
i) Chemical Admixture type – Superplasticizer

8. TEST DATA FOR MATERIALS
▪ Specific gravity of Cement – 3.15 [IS 4031 part 11]
▪ Specific gravity of -
 Fine Aggregate – 2.74 [ IS 2386]
 Coarse Aggregate – 2.74 [IS 2386]

9. ➢Target Strength for Mix Proportioning:
f’ck = fck + 1.65 s
= 40 + 1.65 * 4
= 48.25 N/mm2
➢ Selection of water-cement ratio
From table 5 of IS456,
maximum water cement ratio = 0.50
adopt water-cement ratio = 0.40
0.40<0.50 Hence its okay.
➢Selection of Water Content
= 186 + (6*186)/100 [from IS 10262:2009]
=197.16 litres. ( for 100 mm slump)

10. ➢As Superplasticizer is used, the water content can be reduced upto
15%
Hence arrived water content = 197.16 * 0.85
= 167.6 litres.
➢Selection of Cement Content
=167.6/0.40
= 419 kg/m3
➢Volume of Coarse aggregate = 0.576
➢Volume of Fine Aggregate = 0.424
[from IS 10262:2009]

11. MIX CALCULATIONS
✓Volume of Concrete = 1 m3
✓Volume of cement = 0.1330 m3
✓Volume of water = 0.1676 m3
✓Volume of Chemical Admixture =
 0.1% of cementitious material for 20% bottom ash
 0.2% of cementitious material for 40% bottom ash
 0.3% of cementitious material for 60% bottom ash

12. ➢Volume of all in aggregate = 0.6986 m3
➢Mass of Coarse Aggregate = 1102.55 Kg/m3
➢Mass of Fine Aggregate = 811.60 kg/m3
MIX PROPORTIONS
➢Cement = 419 Kg/m3
➢Water = 167.6 Kg/m3
➢Fine aggregate = 811.60 Kg/m3
➢Coarse aggregate = 1102.55 Kg/m3
➢W/C Ratio = 0.40

13. ➢Mass of bottom ash required for 20% replacement in concrete cubes
= 145.904 kg/m3
➢Mass of bottom ash required for 40% replacement in concrete cubes
= 291.808 kg/m3
➢Mass of bottom ash required for 60% replacement in concrete cubes
= 437.71 kg/m3

14. OBSERVATION OF COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
➢After unmoulding that the casted cube,The compressive strength of the
cube has been calculated and the compressive strength has to be
compared with other cubes then we concluded that result.
S.NO BOTTOM ASH
REPLACEMENT ON
CONCRETE CUBES (%)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
(N/mm2)
28 days
1 0 49.7
2 20 47.8
3 40 43.6
4 60 41.2

15. RESULTS & CONCLUSION
• As per the values, the compressive strength of cubes obtained
decreasing according to increasing the replacement percentage of
bottom ash in concrete the curing of 28 days.
49.7
47.8
43.6
41.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
CompressiveStrength(N/mm2)
BOTTOM ASH (%)

16. • Even though the strength development is less for bottom ash concrete,
it can be equated to lower grade of normal concrete and making
utilization of waste material justifies the concrete mix-development.
• Bottom ash used as fine aggregates replacement enables the large
utilization of waste product.
• Seriousness of the environmental effects due to bottom ash would be
reduced.

17. • Even a small quantity of bottom ash used in mass concreting work
results in reduction in cost and efficient as well as eco-friendly disposal
of bottom ash
• Bottom ash has a property of absorbing moisture even after
construction. So there is chance of dampness in the structure.
• Bottom ash concrete can be used in construction of pavement and
buildings
• Bottom ash is disposed in an eco-friendly way and sand quarrying can
be reduced, thus a greener environment can be build.

18. THANK YOU……