1) Non-biological factors like social, economic, and political determinants significantly impact the success of immunization programs. These include factors like parental education, access to healthcare, gender inequity, and governance.
2) When a new vaccine for tuberculosis becomes available, factors like public acceptance, financing, and sustainability will determine its adoption in immunization programs.
3) A study on factors influencing the introduction of new vaccines in African countries supported by GAVI found that better governance indicators, like political stability and control of corruption, were a stronger predictor of adoption than financial healthcare indicators. Addressing social and behavioral determinants is important for effective vaccine introduction and implementation.
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV Among Women
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV Among Women
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
America cares hiv-aids in black america#GOMOJO, INC.
Increase community awareness of HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention strategies.
Increase community understanding of the clinical research process.
Develop and strengthen relationships with community stakeholders, including (but not limited to) medical care providers, STD/HIV counseling and testing providers, faith leaders, Non Governmental Organizations and Community Based Organizations.
Increasingly, African Americans in general are recognizing that HIV is wreaking devastation across our communities. Those who have joined the fight against HIV and AIDS in Black communities are coming to understand that it is a difficult and multifaceted problem—but that it is also a winnable war. With this report, we aim to arm those people with the information they need to get there.
Food insecurity in southern Africa: integrating some of the evidence ILRI
A presentation by Alison Misselhorn at the Workshop on Dealing with Drivers of Rapid Change in Africa: Integration of Lessons from Long-term Research on INRM, ILRI, Nairobi, June 12-13, 2008.
Johan Swinnen
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19: Implications of the 2021 Global Food Policy Report for Eurasia
Co-Organized by the Eurasian Center for Food Security at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Armenian National Agrarian University, the World Bank, & IFPRI
MAY 27, 2021 - 07:30 AM TO 09:00 AM EDT
Roman Romashkin and Kamiljon Akramov
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19: Implications of the 2021 Global Food Policy Report for Eurasia
Co-Organized by the Eurasian Center for Food Security at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Armenian National Agrarian University, the World Bank, & IFPRI
MAY 27, 2021 - 07:30 AM TO 09:00 AM EDT
Published in The Lancet in November 2018, GBD 2017 provides for the first time an independent estimation of population, for each of 195 countries and territories and the globe, using a standardized, replicable approach, as well as a comprehensive update on fertility. GBD 2017 incorporates major data additions and improvements, using a total of 68,781 data sources in the estimation process.
Opis programu partnerskiego oferowanego przez firmę Tax-pol z Wrocławia. Jeśli pracujesz na terenie Holandii, Wielkiej Brytanii lub Niemiec sprawdzić co możesz zyskać dołączając do tego programu. Więcej informacji znajdziesz na stronie internetowej Tax-pol http://www.tax-pol.pl
America cares hiv-aids in black america#GOMOJO, INC.
Increase community awareness of HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention strategies.
Increase community understanding of the clinical research process.
Develop and strengthen relationships with community stakeholders, including (but not limited to) medical care providers, STD/HIV counseling and testing providers, faith leaders, Non Governmental Organizations and Community Based Organizations.
Increasingly, African Americans in general are recognizing that HIV is wreaking devastation across our communities. Those who have joined the fight against HIV and AIDS in Black communities are coming to understand that it is a difficult and multifaceted problem—but that it is also a winnable war. With this report, we aim to arm those people with the information they need to get there.
Food insecurity in southern Africa: integrating some of the evidence ILRI
A presentation by Alison Misselhorn at the Workshop on Dealing with Drivers of Rapid Change in Africa: Integration of Lessons from Long-term Research on INRM, ILRI, Nairobi, June 12-13, 2008.
Johan Swinnen
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19: Implications of the 2021 Global Food Policy Report for Eurasia
Co-Organized by the Eurasian Center for Food Security at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Armenian National Agrarian University, the World Bank, & IFPRI
MAY 27, 2021 - 07:30 AM TO 09:00 AM EDT
Roman Romashkin and Kamiljon Akramov
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19: Implications of the 2021 Global Food Policy Report for Eurasia
Co-Organized by the Eurasian Center for Food Security at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Armenian National Agrarian University, the World Bank, & IFPRI
MAY 27, 2021 - 07:30 AM TO 09:00 AM EDT
Published in The Lancet in November 2018, GBD 2017 provides for the first time an independent estimation of population, for each of 195 countries and territories and the globe, using a standardized, replicable approach, as well as a comprehensive update on fertility. GBD 2017 incorporates major data additions and improvements, using a total of 68,781 data sources in the estimation process.
Opis programu partnerskiego oferowanego przez firmę Tax-pol z Wrocławia. Jeśli pracujesz na terenie Holandii, Wielkiej Brytanii lub Niemiec sprawdzić co możesz zyskać dołączając do tego programu. Więcej informacji znajdziesz na stronie internetowej Tax-pol http://www.tax-pol.pl
Contextualization nutrition food system and food safety issues in VietnamILRI
Presented by Truong Tuyet Mai, Fred Unger and Stef de Haan at the CRP-A4NH, Vietnam Partner Day Sharing Progress and Planning ahead for Collaborative Research Workshop, Hanoi, Vietnam, 23 March 2018
Men & COVID-19: New lessons learned & the Challenge of InequalityMen's Health Forum
Slides from a webinar to discuss Men & COVID-19 featuring presentations from Professor Gurch Randhawa, Professor Alan White, Peter Baker and Martin Tod
“IFPRI Egypt Webinars” is a special edition of the IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series funded by USAID. This webinar took place under the title of “COVID-19 and social protection: from effective crisis protection to self-reliance”
IHME's Dr. Lozano presents the results of IHME's research on maternal mortality, which shows that global maternal deaths are declining.
For more information visit www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE RETROPERITONEUM, ADRENALS, KIDNEYS AND URETERS.pptx
Aharona glatman freedman social determinants sept 4-5 2013 -
1. The Effect of Social and Behavioral Determinants
on Immunization Programs
Lessons learned from childhood vaccination programs
AERAS
September 4-5, 2013
Aharona Glatman-Freedman, M.D., M.P.H.
Clin. Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Department of Family and Community Medicine
New York Medical College
3. What will happen when a new vaccine for
TB is available ?
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Public acceptance
Finance
Sustainability
4. Determinants important for the success of
Immunization programs
Biological
Non-biological
• Vaccine efficacy
• Vaccine safety
√
• Epidemiology
√
• Economy/Finance
√
• Politics/Government
• Social environment
• Logistics
5. Determinants important for the success of
Immunization programs
Biological
Non-biological
• Vaccine efficacy
• Vaccine safety
√
• Epidemiology
√
• Economy/Finance
√
• Politics/Government
• Social environment
• Logistics
6.
7. Low Income
Countries
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and minority groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
High- and Middle- Income
Countries
• Vaccine safety
• Information/Misinformation
• Internet
• Beliefs (religious, cultural,
personal)
• Immigration
• Urban vs Rural residence
• Complementary and Alternative
Medicine
• Financial Factors
• Ethical issues
8. Low Income Countries
Social and behavioral determinants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and minority groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
10. Role of social environment
Low Income Countries
Availability of immunization services within a
walking distance did not always translate to their
usage
11. Low Income Countries
Social and behavioral determinants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and minority groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
12. Low Income Countries
Social and behavioral determinants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and minority groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
Maternal education
Access to higher
education
13. Low Income Countries
Social and behavioral determinants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and ethnic groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
14. Low Income Countries
Social and behavioral determinants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and minority groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
Infrastructure
Surveillance
Clean water
Electricity – cold chain
Transportation
Communication
Immunization rates
15. Low Income Countries
Social and behavioral determinants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and minority groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
http://aidsinafrica1980s.wordpress.com
16. Low Income Countries
Social and behavioral determinants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and minority groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
• Each Kilometer matters
• Population-specific programs
17. Low Income Countries
Social and behavioral determinants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Household living conditions
Parental education
Religious and minority groups
Migration
War and civil unrest
Gender-based inequity
Women’s role and power
Urban vs Rural residence
Program accessibility
Traditional healers
18. Determinants important for the success of
Immunization programs
Biological
Non-biological
• Vaccine efficacy
• Vaccine safety
√
• Epidemiology
√
• Economy/Finance
√
• Politics/Government
• Social environment
• Logistics
20. New Vaccines
Low-income countries
Vaccine
Disease to prevent
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis / Liver cancer
Haemophilus influenza
type b
Meningitis
Epiglotitis
Pneumonia
Rotavirus
Diarrhea
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Pneumonia Meningitus
Neisseria meningitidis A
Meningitis
Human Papilloma Virus
Cervical Cancer
21. New Vaccines
Low-income countries
Vaccine
Disease to
prevent
Initial Year of
GAVI’s support
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis/Liver
cancer
2000
Haemophilus influenza
type b
Meningitis
Epiglotitis
Pneumonia
2000
Rotavirus
Diarrhea
2007
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Pneumonia
Meningitus
2007
Neisseria meningitidis A
Meningitis
2011
Human Papilloma Virus
Cervical
Cancer
2014
22.
23. Models for Introduction of new vaccines
into low-income countries
• Haemophilus type b vaccine
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• The first new vaccines introduced to low
income countries
24. New Vaccine Introduction
GAVI-eligible African Nations
GAVI phase I (2000-2005)
Group I
Hib and HepB
Group II
HepB
Group III
Neither
Benin
Cameroon
Angola
Burkina Faso
Comoros
Chad
Burundi
Cote D’Ivoire
CAR
Gambia
Eritrea
Congo
Ghana
Lesotho
Congo DR
Kenya
Madagascar
Ethiopia
Malawi
Mauritania
Guinea
Mali
Mozambique
Guinea-Bissau
Rwanda
Nigeria
Liberia
Senegal
Tanzania
Niger
Uganda
Zimbabwe
Sierra-Leone
Zambia
Togo
26. Determinants evaluated
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Country population size
Life expectancy - males
life expectancy – females
No. doctors/1,000 people
No. nurses/ 1,000 people
Financial indicators related to healthcare
Country-level Governance Indicators
27. Determinants evaluated
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Country population size
No difference
Life expectancy – males
No difference
life expectancy – females
No difference
No. doctors/1,000 people
No difference
No. nurses/ 1,000 people
No difference
Financial indicators related to healthcare
Country-level Governance Indicators
28. Determinants evaluated
• Healthcare financial indicators
– GHECAP: Government healthcare expenditure per capita
– THECAP: Total healthcare expenditure per capita
– HEGDP: Total healthcare expenditure as % of GDP
• Governance indicators
–
–
–
–
–
–
Political stability
Government effectiveness
Rule of Law
Quality control
Control of corruption
Voice and accountability
29. Financial healthcare indicators
pre-GAVI and the first phase of GAVI's funding
Figure 1
50
A
Group I (HibHep)
Group II (Hep)
GHECAP
ppp int. $
40
*
Group III (None)
**
**
*
30
20
10
0
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200
100
80
ppp int. $
THECAP
B
60
40
20
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200
8
C
*
7
6
%
HEGDP
*
5
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200
Year
Glatman-Freedman A. et al. PLoS One 2010, 5 (11) e13802
30. Governance Indicators
pre-GAVI and the first phase of GAVI's funding
Figure 2
Group I (HibHep)
Group II (Hep)
Group III (None)
A. Political stability
B. Government
effectiveness
Percentile Rank
A
B
60
60
50
*
* *
40
50
30
30
20
20
10
10
* **
0
6
8
0
2
3
4
5
199 199 200 200 200 200 200
E. Control of
corruption
C
Percentile Rank
D. Quality control
D
60
60
50
** ** ** ** ** ** **
40
50
30
30
20
20
10
10
* * *
* *
0
Percentile Rank
*
* * *
0
6
8
0
2
3
4
5
199 199 200 200 200 200 200
6
8
0
2
3
4
5
199 199 200 200 200 200 200
F
60
60
50
** ** *
40
50
40
30
20
** ** *
** * *
30
20
10
0
* * *
*
6
8
0
2
3
4
5
199 199 200 200 200 200 200
Glatman-Freedman A. et al. PLoS One 2010, 5 (11) e13802
** ** ** ** ** **
40
E
F. Voice and
accountability
* ** ** ** ** * *
0
6
8
0
2
3
4
5
199 199 200 200 200 200 200
C. Rule of law
* * **
** ** ** **
40
Year
10
0
*
6
8
0
2
3
4
5
199 199 200 200 200 200 200
Year
31. Figure 3
Combined Governance Indicator Score
pre-GAVI and the first phase of GAVI's funding
60
Group I (HibHep)
Group II (Hep)
Group III (None)
Percentile Rank
50
40
*
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
*
*
*
*
*
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
30
20
10
*
0
1996
1998
Year
Glatman-Freedman A. et al. PLoS One 2010, 5 (11) e13802
35. Non-biological Determinants
Conclusion
• Social and behavioral environment
• Governance
• Finance
Important factors to be considered in the
introduction / implementation of vaccination
program