Enhancing upland rice production in various agro_ ecosystem
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This study aimed to enhance upland rice production in various agro-ecosystems in Arakan Valley, Philippines. It evaluated the growth, yield, and carbon storage potential of six upland rice varieties grown under oil palm, rubber, coconut, banana, and open field systems. The varieties Hinumay and Dinorado produced the highest yields, exceeding 5 tons/ha. Carbon storage potential reached up to 0.33 tons/ha. Palm oil plantations with vermicast fertilizer were found to be the most suitable agro-ecosystem for upland rice cultivation, particularly for Hinumay and Dinorado. Wider spacing of tree plantations was recommended to facilitate rice intercropping.
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Enhancing upland rice production in various agro_ ecosystem
- 1. Department of Agriculture AGRI-PINOY PALAYAN R & D PROJECT DA-RFO XII- CFCST Upland Rice Research Project ENHANCING UPLAND RICE PRODUCTION IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS IN ARAKAN VALLEY COMPLEX ONOFRE S. CORPUZ SAMSON L. MOLAO ZAINUDIN M. ADAM PENDATUN E. DALAM ABDUL S. SANGCUPAN MOHAMAD T. NASA RENE B. KUSIN Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 2. INTRODUCTION • • • • • • Rice is an staple food in most of the Asian country Grown in nearly all regions of the Philippines Upland rice is one of the major crops in Arakan Valley in 1980s But due to high demand of rubber cup lump, farmers shift to rubber plantation occupying areas for upland rice Oil palm, coconut and banana are also increasing adaptation in the areas The present study tries to enhance upland rice production in various agro-ecosystem existing in the area such as rubber, oil palm, coconut and banana plantation applying vermi compost
- 3. OBJECTIVES General: Enhancing uplandrice production in various agro-ecosystem Specifically: To characterize the upland rice cultivars used To describe the bio-physical factors of the various agro-ecosystem of the upland rice To find out agro-ecosystem most appropriate for certain upland rice varieties. To determine growth and yield of the upland rice as influenced by variety and various agro-ecosystem To determine the dry biomass of upland rice as input to the estimation of the carbon storage potential of upland rice field Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 4. METHODOLOGY • • • • • • • • • Survey/Site Identification and soil sample collection (3 bgrys.) Procurement of Supplies and Materials Land Preparation and field lay-out Planting operation (Dinorado, Hinumay, Guyoden, 90 days, Kawilan, Maluwa) (Jan 11, 2013; May 26, 2013) Fertilization (Vermicast at 60 bags/ha) Cultural Management Data Collection Harvesting to post harvesting operation Consolidation of Data/Preparation of Reports Study Area: Matalam (070 05’ N and 1240 54’ E), Pres. Roxas (7015’1.45” N and 1250 3’ 20.87”E) and Arakan (150 05’ S and 1250W) Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 5. METHODOLOGY Expt’l Design: RCBD with 3 replication each agroecosystem Statistical Analysis: ANOVA, t-test, RegressionCorrelation Analysis Data Gathered 1. Plant agronomical characterization 2. Maturity indexes 4. Grain yield per ha 5. Plant biomass 6. Bio-physical characteristics of the various agro ecosystem 7. Estimated Carbon storage Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 6. METHODOLOGY Fig. 1. Map showing the Study Site Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 7. METHODOLOGY Biophysical Characteristics of the Upland Rice Area CFCST Plot Biological Characteristics A. Climate Type Mean Annual Rainfall Ave Monthly Rainfall B. Edaphic Soil pH Soil Type N P K Physical Characteristics A. Physiographic Attribute Elevation Soil Gradient/Slope B. Plantation C. Dominating vegetation cover Brgy. Arakan Brgy. Libpas IV 2,326mm 215mm IV 2,230mm 210mm IV 2,232mm 210mm 6.0/7.0 Sandy Clay Moderate Moderate inadequate 6.2/7.2 Sandy Loam Sufficient Moderate inadequate 6.0/7.2 Sandy Clay Moderate Moderate inadequate 148m Plain Banana Palm Oil Rubber Tree Cogonal 97m Moderate Banana Palm Oil Rubber Tree Cogonal 104m Moderate Banana Palm Oil Rubber Tree Cogonal Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 8. RESULTS Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 9. RESULTS Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 10. RESULTS Table 1. Agronomic Characteristics of the upland rice varieties Variety P. Height Length of No. Tillers Days (cm) Panicle Flowering Days Maturity Dinorado 156a 24.7ab 31a 62a 111.96a Hinumay 176.1a 30.1a 30.3a 61a 113.2a Kawilan 115.7b 35.1a 33.7a 58ab 112.87a 90 Days 94.6c 24.2ab 13.5b 55b 91.91b Goyuden 128b 19.2b 17bc 67a 112.87a Maluwa 124b 18.5b 20b 59a 105ab Mean with the same letter subscript are not significant at 5% level Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 11. RESULTS Table 2. Yield and Biomass with estimated carbon density Variety Wt 1000 Seeds (grams) Yield (kg/ha) Biomass (Kg/sq.m) Dinorado 23.4a 6,280.35a 730a 0.33a Hinumay 22a 7,245.05a 645a 0.29a Kawilan 23a 3,816.67b 492b 0.22ab 90 Days 18.5b 3,650.10b 395c 0.18b Goyuden 19b 5,426.25b 265c 0.12c 20.2b 4,724.50b 490b 0.22ab Maluwa Carbon Potential (Mt/ha) Mean with the same letter subscript are not significant at 5% level Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 12. RESULTS Table 3. Yield (kg/ha) of upland rice varieties as influence by various agroecosystem Variety Crop Season Palm Oil Rubber tree Coconut Banana Open Area Dinorado 1 2 5,171.91a 5,215.25a 3,044.88a 4,900.5a 4,499.87a 4.900.5a 4,360.35a 4,500.58a 4,205a 4,535.5a Hinumay 1 2 5,711.78a 5,740.50a 3,691.99a 3,699.75a 4,941.41a 5,100.56a 4,367.60a 4,550.5a 4,250.25a 4,992.5a 2,835.20b 3,400.5b 2,120.54b 2,400.5b 2,184.00b 2,870.6b 2,189.85b 3,000.5b 3,010.5b 3,232.5b 2,799.44b 3,002.5b 2,028.00b 2,945.5b 2,802.92b 2,850.45b 2,224.08b 2,650.5b 3,100.2b 3,350.5b 4,095.39ab 3,998.5ab 3,014.82a 3,260.5a 3,645.73b 3890.6b 3,179.02b 3,596.65b 4,000.5b 4,035b 2,890.52b 3,102.5b 2,624.93b 3,000.3a 3,645.24b 3,885.5b 3,246.90b 3,567.45b 3,505.9b 3,600.5b Kawilan 1 2 90 Days 1 2 Goyuden 1 2 Maluwa 1 2 Mean with the same letter subscript are not significant at 5% level Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 13. RESULTS Table 4. Yield (kg/ha) of upland rice varieties as influence by location/site Variety Crop Season Arakan Matalam Pres. Roxas 1 2 5,600.9a 6,393.3a 5,400.5a 5,580.35a 5,512.4a Hinumay 1 2 5,455.5a 5,588.9a 5,998.16a 6,445.05a 5,955.46a 6,121.5a Kawilan 1 2 4,900.5b 4,994.4b 3,670.9b 3,821.67b 2,600.5b 2,623.3b 90 Days 1 2 3,450.9b 3,554.85b 3,469.9b 3,620.10b 3,412.6b 3,422.4b Goyuden 1 2 4,900.3b 5,215.5a 5,005.5a 5,426.25a 4,100.5b 4,340.9b Maluwa 1 2 2,998.5b 3,670.5b 4,600.3b 4,724.50b 3,997.56b 4,210.3b Dinorado Mean with the same letter subscript are not significant at 5% level Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 14. RESULTS Table 5. Correlation of Yield with various agro-ecosystems Agroecosystem B Palm Oil + rice 24.05 Rubber + rice 10.99 Coconut + rice 8.35 Banana + rice 8.70 Open Area + rice 8.22 SE R Prob 1.20 6.25** 0.001 0.99 4.05 0.052 0.85 4.76* 0.049 0.77 3.00 0.091 0.76 3.82 0.051 Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 15. Conclusion • Hinumay and dinorado upland rice varieties has the highest yield and biomass regardless of agro-ecosystem • The early maturing variety is 90 days and maluwa • Carbon storage potential of upland rice will reach to a maximum of 0.33 Mt per ha. Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D
- 16. Recommendations • Various agro-ecosystem can be utilized for upland rice production specially during early stage of the plantation • Hinumay and dinorado can gave a maximum yield of 5.2 to 5.7 tons respectively under oil palm plantation with vermicast, thus recommended for cultivation • Wider spacing of plantations is advisable when planning to introduce upland rice along alleys Onofre S. Corpuz, Ph.D