This document describes the process of agarose gel electrophoresis. Key components include an electrophoresis tank, agarose gel mold, sample comb, electrophoresis buffers like TAE or TBE, loading buffer, ethidium bromide nucleic acid stain, and UV transilluminator. The DNA fragments migrate toward the anode based on factors like agarose concentration, voltage, and buffer composition. Higher agarose concentration or voltage separates smaller fragments, while different buffers affect migration speed. Ethidium bromide intercalates and allows visualizing DNA fragments under UV light.