Some of the information and source came in Afro-Asian book and other sources like the internet, but the design to make the audience feel like they are in India came from me. (source like gif and pictures is from the internet.)

1. Presented by:
Angelica Grace
Eleazar Fernando Fernandes

2. India
Is the world’s second most populous
nation. (After China) and the seventh
largest area, is located in South Asia
on the Indian subcontinent. It is
about 3,000 km (1,865 mi) wide and
has.

3. Demographics of India
Population 1,236,344,631 (As of July 2014)
Growth rate 1.51% (2009 est.) (93rd)
Birth rate 20.22 births/1,000 population
(2013 est.)
Death rate 7.4 deaths/1,000 population
(2013 est.)
Life expectancy 68.89 years (2009 est.)
• male 67.46 years (2009 est.)
• female 72.61 years (2009 est.)
Fertility rate 2.44 children born/woman (SRS
2011)
Infant mortality rate 44 deaths/1,000
live births (2011 est.)

4. Age structure
• 0–14 years 31.2% (male
190,075,426/female 172,799,553)
(2009 est.)
• 15–64 years 63.6% (male
381,446,079/female 359,802,209)
(2009 est.)
• 65 and over 5.3% (male
29,364,920/female 32,591,030) (2009
est.)

5. • India and Bharat are both official names. The early
settlers called their land “Bharat Varsha” or
“Bharat” and during medieval times it was known
as “Hindi”. India, which derives from the Indus
River.
• The foundations of Indian society, including
Hinduism and the caste system, were established
from these two groups. Buddhism and Jainism also
began in ancient India. The culture was subject to
strong Islamic influences beginning in the 11th
century and continuing under the Mogul Empire
(established 1526)

6. Cntd.
• India can be divided into three main
topographic regions: the Himalayan
mountain system on the north; the
Northern Plain, drained by the
Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra
rivers in north central India; and
Peninsular India in the south

7. People
India has one of the world’s most diverse
populations, with most of the major areas
represented. Over thousand of years. The
earliest Indians may have migrated from
Australia and the South Pacific Islands,
directly to the pluralistic nature of modern
Indian society. Except in the case of isolated
tribal groups, linguistic and cultural practices
have become far more important bases of
classification that racial criteria.

8. Languages
More than 200 languages are spoken in
India, and linguistic diversity provides an
important key to understanding Indian
civilization. Four major languages groups
are represented. The most important of
these are the Indo-Arab branch of the Indo-
European group (the major linguistic family
of Europe) and the Dravidian language
group. Hindi, the fourth most widely
spoken language in the world, is the
language of 30 percent of the population
and the official language of India.

9. • India is the birthplace of Hinduism,
Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Today, it
is a secular state, and it’s constitution
guarantees religious tolerance to all
groups. Hinduism’s adherents constitute
about 83% of the population. Another 11%
are followers of Islam, and Jains and
Buddhists less than 1%. Aside from Sikh
concentration in the punjab and the Parsis
(Who practice Zoroastrianism) in the
Bombay area, there is no marked regional
distribution of religion groups.

10. Education
India’s literacy rate was more that double between 1950 and
1988. Literacy is higher among men than among women; it is
also much higher in urban areas that in rural ones. Education
is the responsibility of both the central and state government,
with the national government setting major policies and the
states accountable for their implementation. The education
system is free and open to all children through the university
level. It provides for eight years of primary education, two
years of upper secondary. Education is compulsory for
children aged 6 to 14, although not all children are able to
take advantage of this opportunity.

11. Government
The constitution adopted in 1950 provides for a
federal system with a parliamentary form of
government. Sovereignty is shared between the
central government and the states, but the
national government is given far greater powers.
The office of president is largely ceremonial, with
real authority vested in a prime minister and a
council of ministers responsible to Parliament.
The President, however, has constitutional
authority to impose president’s rule should a
state government appear unable to maintain
order and to declare a national state of
emergency and supersede parliamentary rule.

12. History
The history of India as a sovereign state
under it’s own constitutional government
began on August 15, 1947, when the
subcontinent was partitioned into two
states of India and Pakistan. Pakistan
became an Islamic state, while India opted
to become a secular state. The decision to
partition British India and turn over power
to the new nations within a period of six
months left bloody turmoil in it’s wake.

13. Cntd.
Following independence some 17 million
Hindus and Muslim were uprooted and
began the long march to their respective
new homelands.
There were at least one million casualties
in the ensuing sectarian violence despite
efforts to restore calm by Mahatma
Gandhi, the reverend father of modern
India. Gandhi himself was assassinated on
January 20, 1948, by a militant Hindu who
believed him to be too kind to Muslims.

15. Literature
• Sanskrit Literature – Oral Tradition produced the Vedic
holy text.
• Mahabharata and Ramayana – two great books, sources
for countless literary.
• 400 B.C. –PANINI produced his Sanskrit grammar
• Second Century AD – Prakrits being used in literature
• Middle Ages Sanskrit – used in religious context by
priesthood
• Ghazal – stylized form of lyrical folk song and notable
exponents of the form
• MACAULAY – established English-langauge schooling ofr
Indians
• Michael MADHUSUDAN DUTT and JAYASHANKAR
PRASAD (1889 – 1937) introduced black verse in sonnet
into Indian poetry

16. • ARUNACALA KAVI – developed a utilitarian
prose style
• MADHUSUDAN DUTT – wrote the first plays
modeled on Western Drama
• SIR RABINDRANATH TAGORE – introduced
the short story to vernacular writing in India
• LAKSMINATH BEZBARUA and MUHAMMAD
IQBAL – major poets of the period
• History of Indian literature falls into 2 periods;
1. The Vedic Period
2. Sanskrit Period

17. Religious works
• Poetry
• The Rig Veda: a book of sacred hymns
• The Yajur Veda: a book of knowledge and
melodies for the hymns
• The Sama Veda: descriptions of the materials for
sacrifice
• The Atharva Veda: contains magic spells and
other folk knowledge
• The Brahmanas
• The Upanishads
• Maya
• The Sutras

18. Secular works
• Epics
• The Mahabharata
• Bhagavad gita
• Nala and
Damayanti
• The Ramayana
• Dramas
• The toy clay cart
• Sakuntala or the
fatal ring
• The Jatakas
• The Panchatantra
• Romanorum
• The Hitopdesa
• The Sukasaptati

19. Ganesh
Brahma
Shiva Vishnu

20. Karma and Reincarnation
• Reincarnation is the belief that the soul
repeatedly goes through a cycle of
being born into a body, dying, and
being reborn again in a new body.
• Karma, a force that determines the
quality of each life, depending on how
well one behaved in a past life.
• Hinduism says we create karma by our
actions on earth. If you live a good life,
you create good karma. If you live a
bad life, you create bad karma.

21. Moksha
• Each time a Hindu soul is born into a
better life, it has the opportunity to
improve itself further, and get closer to
ultimate liberation.
• This liberation is called Moksha.
• One attains Moksha when one has
"overcome ignorance", and no longer
desires anything at all.
• The ones who reach this state no longer
struggle with the cycle of life and
death.
• The way to get to Moksha is to not
create any karma.

22. Sacred Writings
• The Vedas collections of Sanskrit hymns
(written down 1200-900BCE, but based on
older oral versions).
• The Upanishads which means the inner or
mystic teaching that were passed down
from guru (teacher) to disciple (student).

23. Mahabharata
• Mahabharata, Sanskrit for Great
Story, is one of the great epic poems
of ancient India.
• It was written between 300 BC and
AD. 300.
• The story is about the battle of one
family over a kingdom in northern
India.
• The Bhagavad Gita (Song of God) is
contained in the Mahabharata. It is
dialogue between Krishna and the
hero Arjuna on the meaning of life.

24. Krishna and Arjuna

25. Ramayana
• Ramayana was written in 3rd
century BC, and tells story of Rama,
and his wife, Sita.
• Rama and Sita are generally seen
as ideal examples of great manly
heroism and wifely devotion.
• Reciting the Ramayana is
considered a religious act, and
scenes from the epic are portrayed
throughout India and Southeast
Asia.

26. Rama and Sita

27. Hindu Life Goals
• Hinduism is about the sort of life one
should lead in order to be born into
a better life next time and ultimately
achieve liberation. There are 4
legitimate goals in life:
• dharma (appropriate living)
• artha (the pursuit of material gain by
lawful means)
• kama (delight of the senses)
• moksha (release from rebirth).

28. Hindu Duties
• Each Hindu has 4 daily duties:
• Revere the deities
• Respect ancestors
• Respect all beings
• Honor all humankind