This document discusses fire prevention at aerodromes and other facilities. It defines key terms like aerodrome and the different classes of fire. Guidelines are provided for fire prevention in different areas of an aerodrome, including the airside during activities like aircraft refueling and ground operations, and the landside in areas like fuel farms and offices. Steps to take during a fire are outlined, such as using an appropriate extinguisher or evacuating. The importance of clear exits and emergency evacuation is also emphasized.

1. Aerodrome
Bello Ibrahim Msc, MWSO, MIOSH

2. Introduction
It is noteworthy that with the best planning
system in the world today, it is impossible to
Completely eliminate the risk of fire outbreak in
Domestic, Commercial, Industrial and other public
places.

3. This lecture intends primarily to discuss various
aspects of fire prevention, i.e.
How to prevent fire from occurring
What to do if it occurs, and
Evacuation of personnel to a place of safety.

4. Definitions
Aerodrome:

5. Fuel
Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas
Oxygen
The air we breathe is
about 21% oxygen –
fire needs only
16% oxygen
Heat
The energy necessary to
increase the temperature of
fuel to where sufficient
vapors are given off for
ignition to occur
Fire is an aggregation of Heat, Air and Fuel.

6. There are 5 Classes of Fire
Class A
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous
material, such as wood, paper, cloth,
rubber, and some plastics.
Class B
Flammable liquids and gases such as
gasoline, kerosene, paint, propane and
butane.
.

7. Class C
Energized electrical equipment,
such as appliances, switches,
panel boxes and power tools.
Class D
Certain combustible
metals, such as
magnesium, titanium,
potassium, and sodium

8. Class K Fire: This is also called kitchen fire, it
involve cooking oil & fat.

9. TYPES OF EXTINGUISHERS
Basically we have 4 types of fire extinguishers, they are
1. DCP (Dry Chemical Powder)

10. 2. CO2 (Carbon (iv)Oxide)

11. Foam Extinguisher
Kitchen Fire Extinguisher

12. Aerodrome environment can be divided
into:-
 Airside, &
 Landside.
AERODROME

13. •Airside is where aircraft operational activities
take place; it includes Apron, Tarmac, Taxiways,
Runways, Hangars, e.t.c.

14. Land Side
This is where activities that do not have direct
relation with aircraft takes place eg: Offices,
Shops, Parking area, Restaurants, Banks,
Fuel Farms, etc.

15. Fire Prevention @ Airside
.
Based on the operational activities taking place at
the air side, those that require strict fire
prevention guidelines include:-
Aircraft fueling (including defueling)
Ground handling operations
Bush Fire

16. Bush Fire

17. Electrical faults
Arson
Negligence by personnel working around the perimeter
fence
Causes of Bush Fire

18. Bush Fire Challenges
 Sudden change in wind parameters (direction, speed and
type), &
Smoke/dust

19. Bush Fire Prevention Tips
All electrical cables should be properly buried and
protected
Grasses around the two active runways should be
trimmed and properly maintained
Security should be at alert to oversee any act relating
arsonist
Personnel working around the perimeter fence should
NOT carry any naked flame or source of ignition
Vehicles working around the runway should have spark
arrestor

20. Safety Measures During Aircraft Refueling.
Fueling zone should be established before
fueling commences.

21. Fueling Zone

22. Aircraft-borne auxiliary power unit (APU’s)
should be started before fueling connections
are made.
Ground power units can only be operated outside
the fueling zone.

23. No source of ignition, e.g. footwear’s with
expose iron and do not operate mobile phones.
 All exits to the aircraft (if passengers on
board) should be widely open.

24. Appropriate fire extinguisher should be
stationed and be manned by a staff.
Strict NO smoking should be observed.

25. Fuel delivery side of the truck should not be
parked close to the undercarriage or aircraft
engine.
Fueling apparatus should be grounded to
prevent static ignition.

26. Fueling vehicles should be positioned such that,
accessibility to the aircraft by ARFFS vehicles is not
interrupted.

27. Proper fuel truck positioning

28. Fuel Spillage
Spillage of fuel beneath the aircraft constitutes a
severe hazard to personnel, aircraft and other
equipment.

29. The following should be observed in case of
fuel spillage:-
Report to ARFFS and Operation
Departments.
Leakages should be shutdown.

30. All operations i.e. fueling, ground power, cargo or
baggage handling operating within 15m radius from
the spillage should be stopped.

31. Fueling while Passengers on Board
Passengers should be informed that fueling is
about to take place.
‘No smoking’ sign in the aircraft interior
should be put ON.

32. Stairways should be positioned at normal
passenger exits; and be kept ajar.
Aircraft interior lightening should be ON to enable
emergency exits be identified.

33. Fire Prevention During Ground
Operations.
Do not park or operate operational vehicles
under the wing of an aircraft.
All operational vehicles should have an exhaust
system and spark arrestors.
GPU should only be operated 6 meters from
fueling zone.

34. Proper positioning of operational vehicles.
Care should be taken when handling materials that
have the potentials of providing sparks often
collisions e.g. metals.

35. Fire Prevention @ Land Side
Land side is where activities that do not have
direct contact to aircraft occur such as:-
Restaurants
Car park
 Fuel dumps and aviation fuel farms
Offices e.t.c.

36. Aviation fuel farm: Fuel farm is located at the
landside and has direct link to airside.

37. No smoking sings should be pasted in all strategic
position within the farm.
Fuel servicing equipment should be properly
manned and the area be free of weeds.
In view of the above the following should be
observed:-

38. Appropriate fire extinguisher should be stationed at
fuel storage areas and lodging stations.

39. Fuel hydrants, pits, cabinet should be located
15m from building.
Emergency shut offs should be free of obstruction
and placards be placed 2m above the ground.

40. Fuel trucks should be parked at least 15m
from buildings and 3m apart.

41. FIRE PREVENTION @ OFFICES/
HOMES
Fire at work can mean more than perhaps a few
days off, occupants can be badly injured or
killed and properties destroyed.
The following guidelines should be observed in
offices/homes so as to minimize any fire hazard
or fire outbreak.

42. FIRE PREVENTION @ OFFICES/ HOMES
passage ways and exits free from storage waste.
Smoke only where permitted, use large, non-tip
ashtrays.

43. Smoking in the leaving or bed rooms should be
discouraged
Petrol and other highly flammable liquids must be
properly stored.

44. The use of boiling ring should be stopped rather
use electric kettles with automatic switch-offs
devices.
Know the location of the main switch in your office
Over loading of electrical sockets should
discouraged

45. All electrical appliances should be of high
quality.
Switch off all electrical appliances during closing
hours.
Heat producing equipment like copiers, work
processors, kettle should be kept away from any
combustible materials.

46. KITCHEN FIRE PREVENTION
Closes/ rags should be kept away from stoves
Flammable substance like aerosols, kerosene should
be kept away from cooking area

47. Lighters matches should be kept away from children
Never leave cooking unattended
Do not spray water into electrical outlets when cleaning
or washing dishes
Get a kitchen fire extinguisher and a fire blanket
Provide sufficient ventilation in the kitchen
Have an escape route or emergency exit

48. WHAT TO DO UPON DISCOVERY OF
FIRE OR ITS SIGN
If fire occurs DO NOT PANIC, follow the
following steps.
Use appropriate fire extinguisher to control a small
fire, IF you can
Activate fire alarm if any
or use verbal method.

49. Notify fire department (064-430741, 064895435 &
08157992863).
In case of class K fire use fire blanket or wet a rag
with water and cover the burning substance.
Fire involving cooking gas make sure you TURN
OFF the gas to cut off its supply

50. Shut down equipment within your vicinity, if you
can.
If smoke is present, crawl low and move towards
an exit.
Before opening any door use the back of your
hand to feel for heat on the door surface, if it is hot
do not open.

51. Provide fire personnel with details of what happen
and any hazard within the building you might know.
Isolate the area by closing doors, windows, if you can
and evacuate immediately.
If your clothes caught fire don’t run, Drop and Roll

52. EMERGENCY EVERCUATION
Blocked and obstructed exit

53. Exit is blocked and poorly lit

54. All dead ends or closed exits be marked ‘NO EXIT’

55. Blocked extinguisher

57. Safety is every ones responsibilities so
all hands most be on deck to have safe
Aerodrome.
Conclusion

58. FIN

59. ?