This document provides information on fire safety training. It discusses the fire triangle of fuel, heat, and oxygen. It outlines different fire hazards and classes of fuels. It also describes factors that can assist the spread of fire and methods of fire extinguishment. The document emphasizes the importance of fire prevention, detection, and means of escape. It stresses having proper controls, training, and conducting fire drills.

1. 1FireTraining

2. 3 Elements2

3. Fire Triangle3FuelHeatOxygen

4. Main Hazards4Oxygen depletionFlame and heatSmokeGaseous combustion productsStructural failure of buildings

5. Fuels5Class A - Solids and Dustswood, paper, textiles, rubber, plastic, flour,Class B - Liquidspetrol, oil, fats, solventsClass C - Gasesmethane, natural gas, LPG, acetylene, hydrogenClass D - Metalssodium, magnesiumClass F - Cooking Oils

6. Oxygen6from the atmospherefrom fuel

7. Heat - Sources of Ignition7Open Flamematches, fires, gas rings, lighters, cigarettes,Spontaneous Ignitionoily rags, hay stacks, damp waste, coal freshly minedHot Surfacesirons, stoves, furnaces, light bulbs, pipesFrictionpoorly lubricated parts, rubbing parts

8. Heat - Sources of Ignition8Electrical Equipmentsparks, overheating, switches, short circuits, static electricityChemical Reactionsacids, potassium,Sparkswelding, impact, lightning, grindingArson

9. Fire Prevention - sources of fire9Fuel-Rubbish, papers and clothes around radiators, flammable containers - lids off, spillages of flammable liquidsAir- Fire doors open, doors and windows left open on evacuation of building because of fireHeat/ignition- Smoking, Machine running hot, electrical faults, vandals

10. Control of Sources10Good house keepingCare with smokingCare with flammablesCare with machinesElectrical hazardsVigilance over vandalismDoors windows shut whilst premises unoccupied

11. Important Temperatures11Flash Pointlowest temperature to flash momentarilyFire Point (Ignition Temperature)lowest temperature at which burning will continueSpontaneous Ignition Temperaturelowest temperature to ignite spontaneously

12. Spread of Fire12ConvectionRadiationConductionDirect BurningRelease of Vapours/Liquids

13. Spread of Fire13

14. Spread of Fire14

15. Factors Assisting the Spread of Fire15Weather conditionsProximity of flammable materials & vapoursCalorific energy of fireAir movementOxygen supplyCollapse of burning roof/ceilingVoids, shafts and false ceilings

16. Spread of Fire16Any questions?

17. Fire Extinguishment17Starvation remove fuelSmotheringexclude oxygenCooling reduce temperatureChemical alter reaction

18. Fire Extinguishers18All will be RED but may have a band or label to identify the contentsRED Water (Class A )

19. CREAM Foam (Class A,B,F)

20. BLUE Dry Powder (All Classes)

21. BLACK Carbon Dioxide (Class B)

22. GREEN Halon (All Classes)

23. CANARY YELLOW Wet Chemical (F)Fire Extinguishers19

24. Fire Extinguishers20

25. Using a Fire Extinguisher21Only tackle a fire after alarm has been raised and safe to do soOnly use extinguisher if familiar with its correct use and typeRemove safety pin from handleKeep upright or place on groundAim nozzle or horn at base of flameSqueeze handles togetherKeep between fire and exit

26. Checking fire extinguishers22Access to hose reels and extinguishers is unobstructedManual hose reel valves are in the off position( except automatic reels) and free from leaksAll hoses are neatly woundHose reels nozzles are not blocked

27. Checking fire extinguishers23All fire extinguishers in their correct position, are undamaged and on their bracketsThe gauges of stored pressure extinguishers indicate normal pressureAny seals on hose reel valves or extinguishers are in placeLabels attached to indicate maintenance within 12 months

28. Fire Precautions24Keep all exits clearKeep extinguishers availableKeep fire doors closedKnow where the fire alarms areKnow the fire procedures - trainingKnow the assembly pointFollow fire prevention measuresHot Work - fire extinguisher available

29. Managers & Fire Wardens25Be aware of disabled staffEnsure evacuation arrangements are in handSupervise evacuation of areaCheck no-one remainsReport to management or Fire Brigade OfficerEnsure fire precautions are maintainedHold regular fire drills

30. Training26Action to be taken on finding a fireAction to be taken on hearing fire alarmLocation of alarms, extinguishers & assembly pointsCorrect method of calling fire brigadeImportance of fire doorsKnowledge of alternative means of escapeRoll call procedure

31. Fire Drill27Raise the alarmClose doors and windowsEvacuate the areaOnly attempt to put out the fire IF SAFE TO DO SOEnsure you can escapeReport to the assembly pointDo not re-enter

32. Fire Precautions28Any questions?

33. Fire Detection29Fire can be detected in one of three ways:By HEATactual temperaturerate of riseBy SMOKEBy FLAME

34. Heat Detection30Simplest form of heat detector relies on the bimetallic strip

35. Heat Detection31Sprinkler heads

36. Smoke Detection32Ionisation radiationsmoke enters chamber, absorb radiation and cause electrical imbalance in circuit Light Scattersmoke cause light to be reflected onto light sensor Light Obscurationsmoke cause light not to reach light sensor

37. Flame Detection33

38. Fire Alarms34Shout for helpRing hand bellManually operated call pointAutomatic detectionSometimes linked with fire fighting systems, venting, fire door release, third party control/verification

39. Means of Escape35Ideally, persons should be able to turn their backs on a fire a walk away to a place of safety.Escape in one direction is only acceptable in specific circumstances.Escape routes sufficiently separated by direction, space of fire resisting structure to enable at least one to be available.

40. Alternative m-o-e36

41. Means of Escape37Aim is to get everyone out in about 2.5 minutes.Means of escape is a structural means forming part of the building where people can escape fire by their own unaided efforts to a place of safety.Bear in mindnumbers, level of risk, types of people, travel distance.

42. Travel Distance38The distance from any point in the room to the nearest: final exit door to a protected staircase door to an external escape route door to a protected lobby door in a separating or compartment wallActual details depend on circumstances

43. Travel Distance39More than one routeHigh risk area - 25 metresNormal risk area - 45 metresLow risk area - 60 metresSingle route onlyHigh risk area - 12 metresNormal risk area - 25 metresLow risk area - 45 metres

44. Means of Escape40

45. 41

46. 42

47. CONCLUSION43Any questions?

48. Fire Legislation44Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005

49. Designated Premises45Premises used as , or providing, sleeping accommodation;Premises used as an institute providing treatment or care;Premises used for entertainment, recreation or instruction or any club, association or society;

50. Designated Premises46Premises used for teaching, training or research;premises where public access is involved;premises used as a place of work.

51. Fire Risk Assessment47Identify fire hazardssources of ignition, fuel, work processesIdentify location of people at significant riskEvaluate the fire risks and control measuresRecord findings and action takenKeep under review