Frei Otto was a pioneering German architect and engineer known for his use of lightweight tensile and membrane structures. He helped develop designs for tent-like structures that provided shelter using fabric stretched over frames supported by masts, arcs, saddles, or combinations of these. Such structures offer benefits like flexibility, recyclability, and environmental friendliness but also have limitations regarding rigidity, stability if tension is lost, and thermal insulation. Examples of Frei Otto's influential tensile structures include the roof of the Munich Olympics stadium and the German pavilion at the Montreal World's Fair.

1. ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION
S
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S
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1ST Semester
ent System
S.V:Kamal Ayoub
Done By:
Sara Ali , Asmaa Ahmad ,
Sadeel Ismail

2. Table of contents
Introduction Definition
Adv. & Dis. Examples
Types
Resources
01 02 03
04 05 06

3. Introduction
-Tensile fabric structures have been with us since the
mongolians swept down from the plains, with their yurts as their
transportable overnight accommodation.
-There's evidence that the romans even covered the colosseum
with massive canopies, hoisted by an intricate system of pulleys,
to protect the audience from the elements.
-They really came into their own in the last half of the 20th
century, when designs like this by germany's frei otto.

4. - Frei paul otto
(german:31 may 1925 -9 march 2015)
He was a german architect and structural engineer noted for his
use of lightweight structures, in particular tensile and membrane
structures, including the roof of the olympic stadium in munich
for the 1972 summer olympics.
otto won the riba royal gold medal in 2006 and was awarded the
pritzker architecture prize in 2015, shortly before his death.
He fell in love with gliders, so he excelled in understanding
tensile-loaded structures and tent and shell coverings of all
kinds. He spent most of his life researching, experimenting, and
designing many immortal buildings. He was truly a pioneer of
modern futuristic architecture of the twentieth century.

5. A tent is a shelter, consisting of sheets of fabric or other materials
draped over or attached to frame of poles and/or ropes . some tents
styles are free-standing, whole others are attached to the ground
using guy ropes tied to stakes (pegs). tents were first used as portable
homes by nomadic peoples, but today, their main application is for
armed forces and creational camping modern tents are usually made
of fire-retardant material.
Tent
Definition

6. Types of Tent Structure:
Tent-like in appearance,
mast supported structures
typically have one or
sometimes several peaks
that are supported by either
interior or perimeter masts.
Curved compression
members are used as the
main supporting elements
and cross arches are used
for lateral stability.
Mast supported Arc supported
01 02 03 04
Four or more point
system when the fabric
is stretched between a
set of alternating high
and low points
Combination of several
support types.
Saddle roof Combination

7. Types of Tent Structure:
Mast supported Arc supported
01 02 03 04
Saddle roof Combination

8. Structural of Tent
Structure tents are an ideal and flexible option for rapidly
transforming a space into a completely enclosed
temporary indoor venue, or for semi-permanent
applications and year-round use. They feature higher wall
and peak ridge height, which accommodates many event
and exhibition applications.

9. Advantages
Disadvantages
1- Longer life cycles of materials.
2- Materials can be re-used in form.
3-Most materials are completely recyclable.
4-Less impact on site.
5-Unique designs.
6-Lightweight and flexible.
7-Less construction debris after demolition.
8-Environmentally sensitive.
9-High strength weight ratio.
1- Little to no rigidity.
2- Loss of tension is dangerous for stability.
3- Thermal values limit use.
4- Load transfer on fabric structures.
5- Attachment weaknesses in mono cover.
6- Fabric structures.

10. Structural Material
Sling
Columns
Supported
Covering material
Cloth
Teflon
Plastics

11. Notes:
Fabric structures cannot take heavy weather
conditions is an incorrect statement.
fabric is elastic and stretches. fabric has a strong
tensile strength and will creep (stretch very slightly)
only a few percent over 20 years of use.

12. Sao Crest Vau Exhibition
Northern Court,University
of Melbourne , Australia
Examples
London Exhibition &
Celebration Building
Olympic Stadium in Munich
Khan Shatyr Center in
Kazakhstan
The German Pavilion at the
Montreal Expo

13. The German Pavilion at
the Montreal Expo.
The canopy itself is constructed of pre-tensioned steel cable
mesh covered with a sheer polyester fabric film. At several points
within the perimeter of the pavilion, the roof of the tent sank to the
ground in dramatic funnel-like cavities, only to return to the
elevated height of the masts. Otto's system was technically
advanced but theoretically simple, carefully calculated but mobile
due to the irregularity and compositional freedom of unrestricted
expression. The pavilion was little more than a large tent--the
most primitive structure of mankind--but it had such a beauty in its
movements that a man, despite all his machinery and subtle
inventions, seldom managed to achieve.

14. Khan Shatyr Center in Kazakhstan
The design of the Khan Shatyr Center is similar to the shape of
the tent, in keeping with the Kazakh traditions of building, but it is
a tent made of toughened glass and first-class steel, in order to
provide a moderate climate inside the center whether it is hot or
cold.
The center of Khan Shatyr is about 150 meters long, with an
oval-shaped base of about 4000 square meters, and around the
main building there is a large garden surrounding it with an area
of about 100,000 square meters, in which many recreational
activities take place, in addition to the presence of three layers
inside the center floor The first and second are shops,
restaurants, amusement parks, and a cinema, while the upper
floor is fully glazed tropical gardens containing many types of
plants containing in the middle a swimming pool with waves on
the banks of a sandy beach, to give the impression that you are
on the seashore.

15. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics
& images by Freepik
Thanks!

16. ● https://egyresmag.com/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A-%
D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88/
● https://rainiertents.com/tent-systems
● https://www.slideshare.net/MazinElsayedAElbashk/the-tents-stru
cture-system
● https://bohotti.blogspot.com/2014/04/blog-post_812.html?m=1
● https://www.scribd.com/document/382160530/%D8%A7%D9%8
4%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D
8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84
RESOURCES