The document discusses different types of structural frameworks including space frames, truss structures, and reciprocal frames. It provides examples for each type: The Louvre Pyramid is given as a case study of a space frame, made of 673 glass segments and metal poles. The Eiffel Tower is described as a famous example of a truss structure, constructed in Paris between 1887-1889 out of iron. A reciprocal frame pavilion by Nathan Melenbrink, Samo Pedersen and Shibu Raman is summarized, consisting of 3019 notched plywood segments forming a mesh-like surface.

1. FRAME STRUCTURE
NAME : AFFAN AZAM
CMS : 54080

2. SPACE FRAME
 a three-dimensional structural framework which is
designed to behave as an integral unit and to
withstand loads applied at any point.
 One of the biggest advantages of a space structure
is its strength, which allows for the creation of large
areas with little to no internal supporting structures
– industrial buildings, stadiums, airports, and so on.

3. CASE STUDY : LOUVRE PYRAMID
The Louvre pyramid is made of 673 glass segments and metal poles that
integrate 95 tons of steel and 105 tons of aluminum. A. The Louvre Pyramid is
made of 603 rhombus-shaped glass panes and 70 triangular glass panes,
totalling to 673 glass panes.
It’s designed by I. M. Pei

4. TRUSS STRUCTURE
 A truss is an assembly of members such as beams,
connected by nodes, that creates a rigid structure.
 The main advantage of trusses is that they are fast and
cost-effective to install and do not require heavy
expensive equipment or excessive preparation in order to
be used effectively.

5. CASE STUDY : EIFFEL TOWER
 The Eiffel Tower is probably the most
famous truss structure in the World.
Constructed between 1887 and 1889.
 The Eiffel Tower is 984′ tall.
 Building material iron.
 The Eiffel Tower was built to be one
the main attractions at the Paris
World's Fair in 1889.

6. RECIPROCAL FRAME
 A reciprocal frame is a class of self-
supporting structure made of three or more
beams and which requires no center
support to create roofs, bridges or similar
structures.
 The RF structure gives the potential for
achieving novel and expressive curved
three-dimensional complex forms, using
straight members. At the same time, it
offers the possibility for fast and simple
construction using low-tech techniques and
simple joints.

7. CASE STUDY : RECIPROCAL FRAME BY NATHAN
MELENBRINK, SAMO PEDERSEN AND SHIBU RAMAN
 It a pavilion celebrating and displaying four
years of academic work.
 it serves not only as a showcase for their
portfolios of work, but also as the culmination of
that work.
 It consists of 3019 flat segments of notched,
eighteen-millimetre plywood.
 the pavilion’s mesh-like surface and its
reflection in the atrium’s floor. The slowly
shrinking radius of the pavilion plays on the
conventional exhibition experience.

8. THANK YOU