The document provides information about the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, designed by architect Frank Gehry. It discusses the museum's titanium cladding, advanced steel structure, curved surfaces inspired by shipbuilding, and use of natural light. The 3D computer model was critical for constructing the monumental curved building and specifying each custom steel girder. The titanium skin provides waterproofing and reflects light to emphasize the curves. Inside, the atrium connects galleries and hanging walkways provide views of exhibits and the city.
The oldest building still in use in the world is the Pantheon in Rome. It was built in 117 AD, nearly 2000 years old. It must look a bit odd when it was first completed. The building is round and has an enormous dome on top. Looking at its exterior now it may not look much, but it is still one of the most admired buildings in the world, mainly because of its age and the construction technique used in the building. I wonder if any of our iconic buildings today would survive as long. Would they still appear as aesthetically pleasing as they are now?
The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is such an iconic building today. It has become the landmark of the city of Bilbao. Just like the Tower Bridge to London, the Statue of Liberty to New York, and the Eiffel Tower to Paris. In this sense the Guggenheim Museum of Bilbao is a big success. Nobody can take that away. Not only has the building shown us the use of new construction technique and the use of new material, it was also completed on time and within budget. I was not sure how to look at the building before my visit. But after looking at it, I think it is a great building and a piece of architectural art.
It is a development in POST-MODERNISM that started in late 1980s.
It views architecture in bits and pieces.
It has no visual logic.
Buildings may appear to be made of abstract forms.
The idea was to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics.
The ideas were borrowed from the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida.
Architects involved –
Zaha Hadid
Bernhard Tschumi
Rem Koolhaas
The term ‘Critical Regionalism’ was first coined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre and later more famously and pretentiously by Kenneth Frampton in “Towards a Critical Regionalism : Six points of an architecture of resistance”
According to Frampton, critical regionalism should adopt modern architecture critically for its universal progressive qualities but at the same time should value responses particular to the context. Emphasis should be on topography, climate, light, tectonic form rather than scenography and the tactile sense rather than the visual.
According to Tzonis and Lefaivre, critical regionalism need not directly draw from the context, rather elements can be stripped of their context and used in strange rather than familiar ways.
Critical regionalism is different from Regionalism which tries to achieve a one-to-one correspondence with vernacular architecture in a conscious way without consciously partaking in the universal.
It is considered a particular form of post-modern response in developing countries, not to be confused with postmodernism as architectural style.
Postmodern architecture is a reaction and evolution to the modern architecture that came before it. Not only did designers begin to make use of new innovations, but at the same time they appropriated design elements from the past. Buildings became an eclectic mix of old and new as the old "Form follows function" mantra was forgotten. One of the iconic postmodern examples is the Sony Building in New York City.
As with many cultural movements, some of postmodernism's most pronounced and visible ideas can be seen in architecture. The functional and formalized shapes and spaces of the modernist movement are replaced by aesthetics: form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles and space abound.
Classic examples of modern architecture are the Lever House and the Seagram Building in commercial space, and the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright or the Bauhaus movement in private or communal spaces.
Transitional examples of postmodern architecture are the Portland Building in Portland, Oregon and the Sony Building in New York City, which borrows elements and references from the past and reintroduces color and symbolism to architecture.
The oldest building still in use in the world is the Pantheon in Rome. It was built in 117 AD, nearly 2000 years old. It must look a bit odd when it was first completed. The building is round and has an enormous dome on top. Looking at its exterior now it may not look much, but it is still one of the most admired buildings in the world, mainly because of its age and the construction technique used in the building. I wonder if any of our iconic buildings today would survive as long. Would they still appear as aesthetically pleasing as they are now?
The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is such an iconic building today. It has become the landmark of the city of Bilbao. Just like the Tower Bridge to London, the Statue of Liberty to New York, and the Eiffel Tower to Paris. In this sense the Guggenheim Museum of Bilbao is a big success. Nobody can take that away. Not only has the building shown us the use of new construction technique and the use of new material, it was also completed on time and within budget. I was not sure how to look at the building before my visit. But after looking at it, I think it is a great building and a piece of architectural art.
It is a development in POST-MODERNISM that started in late 1980s.
It views architecture in bits and pieces.
It has no visual logic.
Buildings may appear to be made of abstract forms.
The idea was to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics.
The ideas were borrowed from the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida.
Architects involved –
Zaha Hadid
Bernhard Tschumi
Rem Koolhaas
The term ‘Critical Regionalism’ was first coined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre and later more famously and pretentiously by Kenneth Frampton in “Towards a Critical Regionalism : Six points of an architecture of resistance”
According to Frampton, critical regionalism should adopt modern architecture critically for its universal progressive qualities but at the same time should value responses particular to the context. Emphasis should be on topography, climate, light, tectonic form rather than scenography and the tactile sense rather than the visual.
According to Tzonis and Lefaivre, critical regionalism need not directly draw from the context, rather elements can be stripped of their context and used in strange rather than familiar ways.
Critical regionalism is different from Regionalism which tries to achieve a one-to-one correspondence with vernacular architecture in a conscious way without consciously partaking in the universal.
It is considered a particular form of post-modern response in developing countries, not to be confused with postmodernism as architectural style.
Postmodern architecture is a reaction and evolution to the modern architecture that came before it. Not only did designers begin to make use of new innovations, but at the same time they appropriated design elements from the past. Buildings became an eclectic mix of old and new as the old "Form follows function" mantra was forgotten. One of the iconic postmodern examples is the Sony Building in New York City.
As with many cultural movements, some of postmodernism's most pronounced and visible ideas can be seen in architecture. The functional and formalized shapes and spaces of the modernist movement are replaced by aesthetics: form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles and space abound.
Classic examples of modern architecture are the Lever House and the Seagram Building in commercial space, and the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright or the Bauhaus movement in private or communal spaces.
Transitional examples of postmodern architecture are the Portland Building in Portland, Oregon and the Sony Building in New York City, which borrows elements and references from the past and reintroduces color and symbolism to architecture.
Briefly covering the professional carrier and famous works done by Architect Renzo Piano all around the world from 1964 till now.
He got Pritzker Award.
Case study for Guggenheim Bilbao museum and Kalmar Museum of Art
- Introduction
- Details
-Concept
- Materials and structure
- Floor plans
- Facilities
- Reference
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- Facilities
- Reference
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. POST MODERN ARCHITECTURE
o International architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s,
became prominent in the late 1970s and 80s, and remained a dominant
force in the 1990s.
o Rejection of strict rules set by the early modernists and seeks high
spirits in the use of building techniques, angles, and stylistic references
Postmodernist movement is often seen as an American movement,
starting in USA around the 1960s–1970s and then spreading to Europe
and the rest of the world.
o The movement largely has been a reaction against the austerity,
simplicity and functional design approach of the modern
architecture/international style Portland Public Services Building, 1982.
Michael Graves.
o The aims of Postmodernism or Late-modernism begin with its reaction
to Modernism; it tries to address the limitations of its predecessor.
o The list of aims is extended to include communicating ideas with the
public often in a witty way.
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMODERNISM
o Postmodern Architecture rejects the notion of “pure” or “perfect” form,
instead it draws from: all methods, materials, forms, & colors available
to architects.
o Moves away from the neutral white colors seen in modernism.
o The return of "wit, ornament and reference" to architecture.
o Took past components of different styles and melded them together to
create new means of design.
o It is known for the re-emergence of surface ornament, reference to its
surrounding buildings, and historical references.
o Revival of traditional elements and techniques. Post modernists looked
into past architecture in order to learn from it.
o Classical designs such as pillars, arches, and domes used in new, almost
humorous ways, just to send a message to the modernist people.
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMODERNISM
o It favored personal preferences and variety over objective truths and
principles!
o Sensitivity to the building’s context, history and the client’s
requirements.
o Physical characteristics - the use of sculptural forms, ornaments and
anthropomorphism.
o Conceptual characteristics - pluralism, double coding, high ceilings,
irony, paradox & contextualism.
o Used classical styles in new combinations: pillars, arches, domes, curtain
wall facades, sculptures and roman conventions.
o Similar to old cathedrals, draws the eye upwards toward the sky.
o Reconciled differences between old and new generations (culture wars).
Postmodern architecture takes old styles and updates them.
7. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO
o Name Of Project – Guggenheim Museum
o Client - Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
o Architect – Frank O Gehry
o Style – Deconstructivism
o Purpose – Basque au moving forward with the museum a site was
selected. Three architects were invited to participate to produce a
conceptual design there were no requirements in terms of drawings and
model. The architect were only asked to present what they thought
would convey they thought would convey their concept thorite
proposed the idea of Guggenheim museum Bilbao to the Solomon r.
Guggenheim in.
o Situated At – Bilbao, Spain
o Construction Started – Oct 1993
o Construction Finished – Oct 1997
o Famous For – Metal Cladding (Titanium Sheets are Used), Advanced
Steel Structure
o Internal Floor Area – 23817 sq. m
11. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO
o Plan – The plan was to build a museum comprised of mostly curved surfaces. Some said it
cannot be built. The design was specified by a 3D computer model, with some 56,000
reference points. The model was used by numerically controlled machines for the
production of building components. It was also used to calculate the structural loadings
and stresses on the building. The use of the 3D computer model was a critical factor in
the construction of such a monumental building sculpture. The building is one of the
most admired architecture in last decade of the 20C. It was inaugurated in 1997.
12. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO
o Construction – The museum is built on the site of a shipyard. The main building is made
up of a massive supporting steel structure with a thin skin of titanium tiles, protecting the
building from its environment. The steel girders come in many shapes and sizes. The 3D
computer model was used to specified each girder, to be made individually. The steel
structure is made up of three structural frames. The primarily steel girder frame supports
the weight of the building. The secondary sheathing frame is fixed onto the steel girders,
defining and support the curved surfaces. Lastly the tertiary frame is used for fixing the
titanium tiles to form the skin for the building.
13. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO
o Construction – The titanium tiles are used to cover the building. Titanium is very strong
and very resistance to corrosion. Bilbao was one of the most polluted city in Europe in the
1980s. Titanium resistance to corrosion is due to a thin layer of titanium oxide formed on
the surface of the metal, which also gives the building its golden color. Above is the
reflections on the building in the rain. Titanium reflects light like a soap bubble giving it a
range of rainbow colors. Because of its curve surfaces, the building is very effective in
catching the natural light or the sunlight. Above is the reflections on the building on a
sunny morning with a clear sky. The interlocking titanium tiles are fixed onto the steel
frame by screws, through a layer bitumen rubber sealant, which ensures the building is
waterproof.
14. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO
o Construction – The top half of the building is mostly empty spaces, allowing a decorative
sculptural shape to put on top of the building. The red line roughly divides the utilized
space below and the empty spaces above. Giant vents were constructed to allow natural
light to illuminate the interior and for ventilations. The museum is situated next to the
river.
15. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO
o Atrium – The titanium part of the building is windowless. This contrasts with the large
glass curtain walling of the atrium. Large glass wall allowing natural light to enter the
building. The atrium is a crucial element of the building. It connects the different galleries
together. It is an area half way between the exterior and the interior of the museum.
Hanging passage ways link the upper galleries, recreating a vision of a future metropolis.
A hanging passage way links the upper galleries and provides an aerial view of the city.
Empty spaces above the galleries. Flat surfaces and straight lines like the lift shaft is
hidden under covers of curved surfaces.
16. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO
o Roof Lights – Roof lights are used extensively for natural lights to enter the galleries.
o Exterior – Top right is the ‘Sail’ producing the illusion of movement, according to Gehry.
The ramp allows public access to the river. Previously this area was a dock.
17. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO
o Exhibit – The Floral Puppy changes its costume with seasons. There is an internal system
that irrigates the flowers. There is the largest gallery which houses Richard Serra’s The
Matter of Time (1994-2005), which are made from 2 inches thick free standing steel
plates. One can walk through Richard Serra’s sculpture the Snake. There is a biggest
image in the museum. It is called Waking (1984) by Gilbert and George. photo piece.
There is a Column of Silver Spheres by the Indian-born British sculptor Anish Kapoor who
also designed the Arcelor Mittal Orbit at the Olympics park London. On the patio outside
the atrium there is the sculpture, Tulips by Jeff Konns. There is also a column of Silver
Spheres and golden titanium tiles. The 10m high sculpture called Maman (Mother), a
spider looking sculpture by Louise Bourgeois, who sees the spider as a symbol for her
mother is also there. Within the spider, it carries 26 marbles eggs. There is an exhibition at
the museum called From Object to Sculpture, showing the work of the French artist
Antoni Tapies.