Adulteration & Substitution of drugs of natural origin.Adulteration involves different conditions such as deterioration, admixture, sophistication, substitution, inferiority and spoilage. Deterioration:- It is impairment in the quality of drug, while admixture is addition of one article to another due to ignorance or, carelessness or by accident. Sophistication:- It is the intentional or deliberate type of adulteration. Substitution:- It occurs when some totally different substance is added in place of original drug. Inferiority:- It refers to any substandard drug. Spoilage:- It is due to the attack of microorganisms.

1. ADULTERATION & SUBSTITUTION OF DRUGS OF
NATURAL ORIGIN.
PRESENTED BY:
MR. PRITAM VIJAY JUVATKAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
pvjuvatkar@rediffmail.com, +91 9987779536
KONKAN GYANPEETH RAHUL DHARKAR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND
RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KARJAT
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

2. DRUG ADULTERATION OF DRUGS OF
NATURAL ORIGIN.
Pritam Vijay Juvatkar 9987779536
2

3. DRUG
ADULTERATION
 Adulteration is a practice of substituting original
crude drug partially or wholly with other similar
looking substances but the later is either free
from or inferior in chemical and therapeutic
properties.

4. Pritam Vijay Juvatkar 9987779536
4
DRUG ADULTERATION OF DRUGS OF NATURAL
ORIGIN
 Adulteration involves different conditions such as deterioration, admixture, sophistication, substitution,
inferiority and spoilage.
 Deterioration:- It is impairment in the quality of drug, while admixture is addition of one article to
another due to ignorance or, carelessness or by accident.
 Sophistication:- It is the intentional or deliberate type of adulteration.
 Substitution:- It occurs when some totally different substance is added in place of original drug.
 Inferiority:- It refers to any substandard drug.
 Spoilage:- It is due to the attack of microorganisms.

5. TYPES OF
ADULTERANTS
Pritam Vijay Juvatkar 9987779536
5
 Substitution with substandard commercial varieties
 Substitution with superficially similar inferior drugs
 Substitution with artificially manufactured substances
 Substitution with exhausted drugs
 Use of synthetic chemicals to enhance the natural character
 Presence of vegetative matter from the same plant
 Harmful adulterants

6. Pritam Vijay Juvatkar 9987779536
6
TYPES OF
ADULTERANTS
 Substitution with substandard commercial varieties
 In this drug resemble original crude drug by morphological, chemical or therapeutic characters, but are substandard in
nature and hence cheaper in cost.
 Strychnous nux-blanda or S. potatorum in place of S. Nux-vomica;
 Capsicum minimum replaced by C. annuum;
 Indian senna substituted with Arabian senna and dog senna
 Substitution with superficially similar inferior drugs
 These inferior drugs used mayor may not be having any chemical or therapeutic value as that of original natural drug.
 Due to their morphological resemblance to authentic drug, they are marketed as adulterants.
 Belladonna leaves are substituted with Ailanthus leaves;
 Saffron is admixed with dried flowers of Carthamus tinetorius
 Mother cloves and clove stalks are mixed with clove

7. Pritam Vijay Juvatkar 9987779536
7
TYPES OF
ADULTERANTS
 Substitution with artificially manufactured substances
 In this substances artificially prepared to resemble original drug are. used as substitutes.
 Method used for costlier drug
 Compressed chicory in place of coffee;
 Paraffin wax made yellow coloured and substituted for beeswax properly
 Substitution with exhausted drugs
 The same drug is admixed but is devoid of any medicinally active constituents as they are already extracted out.
 This practice is more common in case of volatile oil containing drugs like fennel, clove, coriander, caraway etc
 Exhausted gentian made bitter with aloes,
 artificial colouring of exhausted saffron, etc.

8. Pritam Vijay Juvatkar 9987779536
8
TYPES OF
ADULTERANTS
 Use of synthetic chemicals to enhance the natural character
 In this substances synthetically prepared to resemble original drug are used as substitutes.
 Citral to citrus oils like oil of lemon and orange oil,
 Addition of benzyl benzoate to balsam of Peru,
 Presence of vegetative matter from the same plant
 Other miniature plants growing along with medicinal plant are mixed with drug due to their resembling colour,
odour and in some cases constituents.
 The stem portion are mixed along with leaf drugs like stramonium, lobelia and senna.

9. Pritam Vijay Juvatkar 9987779536
9
TYPES OF
ADULTERANTS
 Harmful adulterants
 The wastes from market are collected and admixed with authentic drugs. This is particularly noticed for liquids or
unorganized drugs.
 Pieces of amber co loured glass in colophony,
 Limestones in asafoetida,
 Lead shot in opium
 The addition of rodent faecal matter to cardamom seed is a very harmful adulterant.
 Adulteration of powders
 The powdered forms are frequently found to be .
 Exhausted ginger powder in powdered colocynth or ginger,
 Red sandel wood in capsicum,.
 Dextrin in ipecacuanha,

10. THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY:
MR. PRITAM VIJAY JUVATKAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
pvjuvatkar@rediffmail.com, +91 9987779536
KONKAN GYANPEETH RAHUL DHARKAR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND
RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KARJAT
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

11. DISCLOSURE
This Presentation is meant for Study Notes for B.Pharm Students only. Please
do not take as a reference for treatment for an ailments or other usage
PRESENTED BY:
MR. PRITAM VIJAY JUVATKAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
pvjuvatkar@rediffmail.com, +91 9987779536
KONKAN GYANPEETH RAHUL DHARKAR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KARJAT
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI