Administration of Medication
1.Introduction of medication ,drug
2. Drug
3. Medication
4. Name of drugs or Nomenclature
5. Classification of drugs
6. Classification of drugs according to their action
7. Terminologies of drugs
8. Routes of drug administration
a. Oral route
b. Sublingual route
c. Rectal route
d. Inhalation route
e. Cutaneous route
f. Parental route
9. Intravenous
10. Interamuscular
11. Intradermal
12. subcutaneous
13. Purposes of medication
14. Principles of medication
15. Medication errors
16. Drugs form
17. Storage and maintenance of drugs
18. Effects of drugs on the body
19. Factors affecting drugs response
20. Factors affecting drug absorption
21. Systems of drug measurement
22. Converting measurements units
23. Dose calcuations
24. Abbreviations used in drugs
25. Abbreviations uses in pharmacology
26. Abbreviations use in nursing
27. Oral drug administration equipments
28. Oral administration procedure
29. Parental administration procedure
30. Cannula
31. Types of cannula
32. Needle stick injuries
33. Preventing needle stick injuries
This document discusses oral medication administration and the nurse's responsibilities. It defines oral medication as drugs that are swallowed through the oral cavity. Nurses must follow the 10 rights of medication administration, which include the right patient, medication, dose, route, time and documentation. The nurse's responsibilities include identifying the patient, selecting the correct medication, administering it properly, educating the patient, documenting appropriately, and evaluating the effects of the medication. Safe oral drug administration requires thorough assessment, accurate documentation and monitoring of the patient.
This document discusses key concepts related to safe medication administration in nursing. It defines key terms and outlines learning objectives. The document covers medication names, classifications, routes of administration, principles of drug action, and factors affecting drug safety. It also discusses medication orders, prescriptions, calculations, and legal aspects of medication administration. The goal is to develop knowledge around safe and effective medication practices in nursing.
1. Oral administration is the process of delivering drugs by mouth through the alimentary tract, which can be done in either liquid or solid form sublingually or buccally.
2. The nurse must check for allergies, follow the rights of medication administration, and check for any issues before or after food. Proper preparation, administration technique, and monitoring of the patient is required.
3. Precautions include contamination prevention, following instructions specific to each drug, and ensuring the patient swallows and the medication effects are evaluated.
This document provides information on caring for dying patients. It discusses assessing patient needs, communicating with patients and families, and meeting physiological, psychological and spiritual needs. It outlines the stages of dying according to Dr. Kubler-Ross and stages of grief. It describes signs that a patient is approaching death and signs of clinical death. It discusses caring for the patient's body after death, including cleaning and preparing the body for the family. The overall message is the importance of providing dignified, compassionate care and supporting patients and families during the dying process.
The document discusses oral medication administration by nurses. It outlines nurses' responsibilities which include checking patient information, medication orders, and for any contraindications. Equipment needed includes water, medication cups, and trays. Nurses should explain the procedure, position the patient sitting up, and stay with them until the medication is swallowed. The document also discusses syringes, needles, and the purpose and types of injections.
The document discusses drug administration including defining it, listing routes of administration, and outlining the rights to ensure proper administration. It covers oral, parenteral, and other routes. Parenteral routes discussed in detail include intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous injections. The document emphasizes the importance of assessing the patient, medication order, and documenting properly to administer drugs safely and effectively.
This document discusses oral medication administration and the nurse's responsibilities. It defines oral medication as drugs that are swallowed through the oral cavity. Nurses must follow the 10 rights of medication administration, which include the right patient, medication, dose, route, time and documentation. The nurse's responsibilities include identifying the patient, selecting the correct medication, administering it properly, educating the patient, documenting appropriately, and evaluating the effects of the medication. Safe oral drug administration requires thorough assessment, accurate documentation and monitoring of the patient.
This document discusses key concepts related to safe medication administration in nursing. It defines key terms and outlines learning objectives. The document covers medication names, classifications, routes of administration, principles of drug action, and factors affecting drug safety. It also discusses medication orders, prescriptions, calculations, and legal aspects of medication administration. The goal is to develop knowledge around safe and effective medication practices in nursing.
1. Oral administration is the process of delivering drugs by mouth through the alimentary tract, which can be done in either liquid or solid form sublingually or buccally.
2. The nurse must check for allergies, follow the rights of medication administration, and check for any issues before or after food. Proper preparation, administration technique, and monitoring of the patient is required.
3. Precautions include contamination prevention, following instructions specific to each drug, and ensuring the patient swallows and the medication effects are evaluated.
This document provides information on caring for dying patients. It discusses assessing patient needs, communicating with patients and families, and meeting physiological, psychological and spiritual needs. It outlines the stages of dying according to Dr. Kubler-Ross and stages of grief. It describes signs that a patient is approaching death and signs of clinical death. It discusses caring for the patient's body after death, including cleaning and preparing the body for the family. The overall message is the importance of providing dignified, compassionate care and supporting patients and families during the dying process.
The document discusses oral medication administration by nurses. It outlines nurses' responsibilities which include checking patient information, medication orders, and for any contraindications. Equipment needed includes water, medication cups, and trays. Nurses should explain the procedure, position the patient sitting up, and stay with them until the medication is swallowed. The document also discusses syringes, needles, and the purpose and types of injections.
The document discusses drug administration including defining it, listing routes of administration, and outlining the rights to ensure proper administration. It covers oral, parenteral, and other routes. Parenteral routes discussed in detail include intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous injections. The document emphasizes the importance of assessing the patient, medication order, and documenting properly to administer drugs safely and effectively.
This document defines restraint as the intentional restriction of a person's movement and discusses its purpose, indications, principles, types, risks, guidelines, orders, assessment, required behavior for release, and monitoring and documentation procedures for pediatric patients. The key points are that restraints should only be used to protect safety, reduce necessary movement, avoid injury, and allow medical procedures, following principles of least restriction, padding, and frequent monitoring for complications.
Care of Patient with respiratory problems.pptxAbhishek Joshi
This document provides information on nursing care for patients with respiratory problems. It defines key terms like dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxia. It describes techniques like deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises, oxygen therapy administration through devices like nasal cannula and masks, humidification, and suctioning. It emphasizes the nurse's role in assessing patients, setting up equipment, providing treatments and ensuring airway patency.
The document discusses the "Ten Rights" of medication administration that nurses must follow to ensure patient safety. The ten rights are: 1) Right patient, 2) Right drug, 3) Right dose, 4) Right time, 5) Right method, 6) Right patient education, 7) Right documentation, 8) Right to refuse, 9) Right assessment, and 10) Right evaluation. Each right is described in detail with examples of how to properly identify the patient, drug, dose, timing, administration method, educate the patient, document, allow refusal, assess need and evaluate effectiveness.
Steam inhalation involves inhaling warm, moist air to relieve symptoms of respiratory inflammation and congestion. It works by loosening secretions, relaxing muscles to reduce coughing, and moistening irritated airways. To perform steam inhalation, boil water and add medication like Vicks vaporub. Direct the steam into a tent made from an umbrella and sheet covering the patient, or have them sit near the boiling water. Treatment lasts 30 minutes to an hour twice a day. Burn risks and drafts should be avoided, and extra care taken with children.
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
IM Injection (Introduction, Definition, Purpose, Technique, Rights of Medication, Z-Track Method, Equipment, Procedure and Responsibilities)..
This document discusses hot and cold applications for therapeutic purposes. Hot applications are used to relieve pain and congestion, provide warmth, and promote healing by increasing blood flow. Cold applications are used to reduce pain, control bleeding and bacteria growth, and decrease inflammation by constricting blood vessels. Both have specific indications and contraindications. Guidelines are provided for safely applying heat or cold to achieve therapeutic benefits while avoiding potential complications like burns or tissue damage.
This document discusses nasogastric tube feeding and its nursing management. It begins by introducing NG tube feeding and its purposes, which include providing nourishment to patients who cannot feed themselves or be fed orally. It then covers indications for NG tube feeding, the necessary equipment, assessment steps, the procedure including feeding administration and aftercare, and complications to watch for. It also discusses gastrostomy and jejunostomy tube feeding procedures and their differences from NG tube feeding.
The document provides instructions for performing a bed bath for a client who is unable to bathe independently. It details the necessary supplies, steps to prepare for the bath, and procedures for washing each body part while maintaining the client's privacy, safety and comfort. The bed bath aims to cleanse the skin, improve circulation, and make the client feel more relaxed. Proper documentation of any findings is important after completing the bath.
Oral suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the mouth using suction. It is used for patients who have difficulty swallowing or producing excess saliva. The document defines oral suctioning, lists its purposes as removing secretions to clear the airway and prevent infections, and describes the Yankauer sucker and suction machine used. It provides indications for oral suctioning such as inability to clear secretions and contraindications like facial fractures or bleeding disorders. The procedure section outlines preparing supplies, gaining consent, inserting the suction tube safely, and cleaning equipment after to maintain sterility.
The document discusses the importance of diet in treating disease and outlines the nurse's responsibilities regarding patient nutrition. It notes that modifications to diet through reducing or adding certain nutrients can cure diseases. The nurse's roles include assisting with feeding, motivating patients to eat, planning therapeutic diets, and helping patients adapt to special diets. Proper diet is based on a patient's condition, metabolism, culture and preferences. Therapeutic diets may restrict or add carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals based on a patient's needs. The document also describes various types of diets including full, soft, bland, liquid and special diets.
The document discusses the role of nurses in drug administration. It states that nurses are legally responsible for correctly administering drugs according to the "five rights" - right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time. It also discusses ensuring proper documentation of medication orders, monitoring for drug interactions and adverse reactions, and respecting patients' rights regarding their medication information and consent.
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
This document provides information on the eye care procedure. It defines eye care as cleaning the eyes with saline to remove secretions and prevent infections. The purposes are to prevent further eye injury, prevent infections, relieve pain and discomfort, and allow instillation of eye drops. Key steps include cleaning the uninfected eye first, using one swab per eye in a single stroke, and repeating until any crusts are removed. The document also lists the necessary articles and pre, intra, and post procedure steps for safely performing the eye care.
Back care of patient , Fundamentals of Nursing Pooja Koirala
1. Back care involves cleaning, massaging, and paying attention to pressure points on the back to provide comfort, relaxation, and physical and emotional stimulation.
2. The purposes of back care are to improve circulation, refresh mood, relieve fatigue/pain/stress, induce sleep, and prevent pressure sores while observing the patient's back condition.
3. The back care procedure involves washing, massaging, and observing the back using techniques like effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, compression, and vibration to increase circulation, relax muscles, and stimulate tissues.
The document discusses child restraints, including definitions, purposes, types, risks, and the nurse's role. It defines restraint as the intentional restriction of movement and describes physical, chemical, and environmental restraints. Common physical restraints for children include mummy restraints, elbow/knee restraints, extremity restraints, abdominal restraints, mittens, crib nets, and jackets. Risks of restraint use include psychological, physical, and in some cases death. Nurses must monitor restrained patients closely, document regularly, and follow policies and guidelines for safe and appropriate restraint.
The Ebola epidemic which has no existing cure warrants a unique approach from medicine; barrier nursing which emphasises control and prevention of further infection. For now, this method should be considered to gain control over the outbreak.
The document discusses the different routes of medication administration. It provides multiple choice questions that test understanding of the right nurse following principles when administering medication, including right patient, right medication, right dose, right time, and right route. The questions cover confirming the right patient, checking the medication against the prescription, cutting a tablet to the correct dose, giving oral syrup to a pediatric patient, checking the time of the last dose, providing patient education, documenting medication administration, informing the doctor if a patient refuses medication, assessing a patient's temperature and pain levels after medication administration. The document also questions routes of medication administration including sublingual, intraosseous, intraarticular, intrathecal, and inhalation.
Nursing responsibilities in MEDICATION-ADMINISTRATION.pptxQMMCEA2021Qawani
The document discusses safe medication administration. It defines key terms and outlines objectives related to administering medication properly. It discusses factors that affect drug action, legal implications, common abbreviations, and calculating dosages. The document also covers medication assessment, types of medication orders, routes of administration, and safety measures like the "five rights" to prevent errors.
This document defines restraint as the intentional restriction of a person's movement and discusses its purpose, indications, principles, types, risks, guidelines, orders, assessment, required behavior for release, and monitoring and documentation procedures for pediatric patients. The key points are that restraints should only be used to protect safety, reduce necessary movement, avoid injury, and allow medical procedures, following principles of least restriction, padding, and frequent monitoring for complications.
Care of Patient with respiratory problems.pptxAbhishek Joshi
This document provides information on nursing care for patients with respiratory problems. It defines key terms like dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxia. It describes techniques like deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises, oxygen therapy administration through devices like nasal cannula and masks, humidification, and suctioning. It emphasizes the nurse's role in assessing patients, setting up equipment, providing treatments and ensuring airway patency.
The document discusses the "Ten Rights" of medication administration that nurses must follow to ensure patient safety. The ten rights are: 1) Right patient, 2) Right drug, 3) Right dose, 4) Right time, 5) Right method, 6) Right patient education, 7) Right documentation, 8) Right to refuse, 9) Right assessment, and 10) Right evaluation. Each right is described in detail with examples of how to properly identify the patient, drug, dose, timing, administration method, educate the patient, document, allow refusal, assess need and evaluate effectiveness.
Steam inhalation involves inhaling warm, moist air to relieve symptoms of respiratory inflammation and congestion. It works by loosening secretions, relaxing muscles to reduce coughing, and moistening irritated airways. To perform steam inhalation, boil water and add medication like Vicks vaporub. Direct the steam into a tent made from an umbrella and sheet covering the patient, or have them sit near the boiling water. Treatment lasts 30 minutes to an hour twice a day. Burn risks and drafts should be avoided, and extra care taken with children.
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
IM Injection (Introduction, Definition, Purpose, Technique, Rights of Medication, Z-Track Method, Equipment, Procedure and Responsibilities)..
This document discusses hot and cold applications for therapeutic purposes. Hot applications are used to relieve pain and congestion, provide warmth, and promote healing by increasing blood flow. Cold applications are used to reduce pain, control bleeding and bacteria growth, and decrease inflammation by constricting blood vessels. Both have specific indications and contraindications. Guidelines are provided for safely applying heat or cold to achieve therapeutic benefits while avoiding potential complications like burns or tissue damage.
This document discusses nasogastric tube feeding and its nursing management. It begins by introducing NG tube feeding and its purposes, which include providing nourishment to patients who cannot feed themselves or be fed orally. It then covers indications for NG tube feeding, the necessary equipment, assessment steps, the procedure including feeding administration and aftercare, and complications to watch for. It also discusses gastrostomy and jejunostomy tube feeding procedures and their differences from NG tube feeding.
The document provides instructions for performing a bed bath for a client who is unable to bathe independently. It details the necessary supplies, steps to prepare for the bath, and procedures for washing each body part while maintaining the client's privacy, safety and comfort. The bed bath aims to cleanse the skin, improve circulation, and make the client feel more relaxed. Proper documentation of any findings is important after completing the bath.
Oral suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the mouth using suction. It is used for patients who have difficulty swallowing or producing excess saliva. The document defines oral suctioning, lists its purposes as removing secretions to clear the airway and prevent infections, and describes the Yankauer sucker and suction machine used. It provides indications for oral suctioning such as inability to clear secretions and contraindications like facial fractures or bleeding disorders. The procedure section outlines preparing supplies, gaining consent, inserting the suction tube safely, and cleaning equipment after to maintain sterility.
The document discusses the importance of diet in treating disease and outlines the nurse's responsibilities regarding patient nutrition. It notes that modifications to diet through reducing or adding certain nutrients can cure diseases. The nurse's roles include assisting with feeding, motivating patients to eat, planning therapeutic diets, and helping patients adapt to special diets. Proper diet is based on a patient's condition, metabolism, culture and preferences. Therapeutic diets may restrict or add carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals based on a patient's needs. The document also describes various types of diets including full, soft, bland, liquid and special diets.
The document discusses the role of nurses in drug administration. It states that nurses are legally responsible for correctly administering drugs according to the "five rights" - right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time. It also discusses ensuring proper documentation of medication orders, monitoring for drug interactions and adverse reactions, and respecting patients' rights regarding their medication information and consent.
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
This document provides information on the eye care procedure. It defines eye care as cleaning the eyes with saline to remove secretions and prevent infections. The purposes are to prevent further eye injury, prevent infections, relieve pain and discomfort, and allow instillation of eye drops. Key steps include cleaning the uninfected eye first, using one swab per eye in a single stroke, and repeating until any crusts are removed. The document also lists the necessary articles and pre, intra, and post procedure steps for safely performing the eye care.
Back care of patient , Fundamentals of Nursing Pooja Koirala
1. Back care involves cleaning, massaging, and paying attention to pressure points on the back to provide comfort, relaxation, and physical and emotional stimulation.
2. The purposes of back care are to improve circulation, refresh mood, relieve fatigue/pain/stress, induce sleep, and prevent pressure sores while observing the patient's back condition.
3. The back care procedure involves washing, massaging, and observing the back using techniques like effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, compression, and vibration to increase circulation, relax muscles, and stimulate tissues.
The document discusses child restraints, including definitions, purposes, types, risks, and the nurse's role. It defines restraint as the intentional restriction of movement and describes physical, chemical, and environmental restraints. Common physical restraints for children include mummy restraints, elbow/knee restraints, extremity restraints, abdominal restraints, mittens, crib nets, and jackets. Risks of restraint use include psychological, physical, and in some cases death. Nurses must monitor restrained patients closely, document regularly, and follow policies and guidelines for safe and appropriate restraint.
The Ebola epidemic which has no existing cure warrants a unique approach from medicine; barrier nursing which emphasises control and prevention of further infection. For now, this method should be considered to gain control over the outbreak.
The document discusses the different routes of medication administration. It provides multiple choice questions that test understanding of the right nurse following principles when administering medication, including right patient, right medication, right dose, right time, and right route. The questions cover confirming the right patient, checking the medication against the prescription, cutting a tablet to the correct dose, giving oral syrup to a pediatric patient, checking the time of the last dose, providing patient education, documenting medication administration, informing the doctor if a patient refuses medication, assessing a patient's temperature and pain levels after medication administration. The document also questions routes of medication administration including sublingual, intraosseous, intraarticular, intrathecal, and inhalation.
Nursing responsibilities in MEDICATION-ADMINISTRATION.pptxQMMCEA2021Qawani
The document discusses safe medication administration. It defines key terms and outlines objectives related to administering medication properly. It discusses factors that affect drug action, legal implications, common abbreviations, and calculating dosages. The document also covers medication assessment, types of medication orders, routes of administration, and safety measures like the "five rights" to prevent errors.
This document provides information on medication administration including definitions of key terms, parts of a medication order, abbreviations used, drug nomenclature, measurement systems, classifications, effects, mechanisms of action, factors affecting drugs, types and routes of drug preparation, safety procedures for administration, and formulas for calculating dosages. It covers the basics of pharmacology and outlines best practices for safe and accurate medication administration by nurses.
The document discusses medication administration and its responsibilities for nurses. It defines medication and describes the mechanisms of drug action including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. It discusses adverse drug effects such as allergic reactions, drug tolerance, toxicity, idiosyncratic effects, and drug interactions. It provides guidelines for calculating drug dosages, essential elements of medication orders, types of orders, abbreviations used and principles of safe administration including the rights. It describes various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, rectal and parental routes. The nursing responsibilities before, during and after medication administration are outlined along with general medication safety guidelines.
Clinical pharmacology connects medical practice and laboratory science by promoting drug safety and maximizing effects while minimizing side effects. It has been practiced for centuries through observing herbal remedies, and scientific advances allowed studying physiological and biological drug effects. Clinical pharmacologists have medical and scientific training enabling them to evaluate evidence and conduct studies to personalize therapies. They analyze adverse effects, toxicology, and more. Drugs are classified and regulated, and developing new drugs is a long process involving pre-clinical and clinical testing, FDA approval, and post-market surveillance.
PHARMACOLOGY NOTES REVISED BY KelvinKean 1.pptkkean6089
This document provides an overview of pharmacology concepts and commonly used drugs. It defines key terms like pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. It also discusses drug interactions, dependence, and sources of drugs from plants, animals, inorganic sources and synthetic sources. The document outlines naming conventions for drugs and their uses for curative, symptomatic and preventive purposes. It also lists common drug forms and preparations like tablets, liquids, and capsules.
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PHARMACHOLOGY.PPTXcharan zagade
The document provides an introduction to clinical pharmacology, including definitions of key terms like medication, pharmacology, and prescription. It discusses the purposes of medication administration like diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment. It also outlines principles of safe medication administration, including the rights of medication administration and types of medication orders. Potential sources of medication errors are identified at different stages, from prescribing to dispensing to administration. Actions to take in the event of an error include stopping the drug, assessing the patient, notifying the physician, and filing an incident report.
Form of drugs , patients right and route of drug administrationShipraMishra30
This document discusses various aspects of drug administration including:
1. Drug names can include the chemical, generic, official, and trade names.
2. Drugs come in many forms for different routes of administration such as tablets, capsules, solutions, and suppositories.
3. The rights of patients include receiving the right drug, dose, route, and information to ensure safe and effective treatment. Nurses must properly document and monitor patients during drug administration.
One of the basic nursing functions is the medication that involves skillful technique and consideration of patients development, health status and safety.
The nurse administering medications needs a knowledge base about drugs includes names, preparations, classification, adverse effects and the physiological factors that affects drugs action.
This document provides information on various methods of medication administration including oral, parenteral, intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. It discusses factors that determine administration method such as drug preparation, dosage, client condition, and safety considerations. Proper techniques and documentation are emphasized to safely and effectively administer medications.
Introduction to the course Clinical PharmacyEneutron
Clinical pharmacy differs from traditional pharmacy by focusing on analyzing population needs related to medication use, administration, and effects on patients. The overall goal of clinical pharmacy is to promote appropriate medication use by maximizing clinical effects, minimizing risks, and reducing healthcare costs. Clinical pharmacists influence medication use at multiple levels, including involvement in clinical trials, formulary decisions, and patient counseling before, during, and after prescriptions.
This document discusses various aspects of medication including definitions, purposes, uses, classifications, forms, routes of administration, orders, and effects. A medication is a substance used for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease. Drugs can be used for diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic purposes. Medications are classified based on their target body system, use, disease treated, or effect. Proper storage, administration according to the 6 rights, and documentation are important. Medication orders should include patient name, drug, dosage, route, time, and prescriber signature.
Medications are substances used to treat diseases, symptoms, and prevent illnesses. They are administered according to prescriptions under legal guidelines. Medications can be used for diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic purposes. Nurses must follow principles of safe administration including checking the "3 rights" and "10 rights" to ensure the correct patient receives the right drug by the proper route and dose at the correct time. Medication orders contain essential information and abbreviations are used to indicate timing of doses. Proper storage and documentation are also important aspects of medication administration.
The document discusses various topics related to pharmacology including:
- The routes of administration for drugs including oral, parenteral, enteral and others. It notes factors like absorption and first-pass metabolism.
- Key pharmacology terms like pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic index, efficacy, and others.
- Topics like drug interactions, tolerance, dependence, addiction, toxicity and adverse effects.
- The importance of dose, concentration and factors affecting drug response in individuals.
Clinical pharmacy is a health science discipline that optimizes medication therapy to promote health. It involves services provided by pharmacists in various settings where medicines are prescribed and used. The focus is on analyzing population needs regarding medicines and their effects on patients, rather than just on the drugs themselves. The overall goal of clinical pharmacy is to promote correct and appropriate medicine use by maximizing clinical effects, minimizing risks and expenditures, and assisting physicians in prescribing and monitoring drug therapy. Clinical pharmacists can influence proper medicine use before, during, and after prescriptions by activities like participating in drug trials, developing formularies and policies, evaluating prescriptions, counseling patients, and providing continuity of care.
This document provides an introduction to pharmacy and pharmacology. It defines pharmacy as the profession dealing with all aspects of drugs, including identification, preservation, extraction, manufacturing, packaging, and dispensing. The main types of pharmacy practice are described as community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, and nuclear pharmacy. Pharmacology is defined as the study of drug action and effects, while clinical pharmacology involves the relationship between drugs and humans. Key terms used in pharmacology like half-life, minimum effective concentration, bioavailability, and indications are also explained.
general pharmacology is information about drug abd human body mechanism . it shows about route of administration . pharmacological terminologies ADME of bady and their factors. bioavilability of drugs and related factor . general principle of drug action on body . After that descriptioun about mechanism of drug action . factor modifying drug action and dur interaction.
This document discusses several key aspects of medication safety:
1. Medication errors are a major cause of preventable patient harm. Proper knowledge of pharmacology principles is important for safely administering and monitoring medications.
2. Several factors can contribute to medication errors, including lack of communication, assumptions, inadequate labeling, and lack of checking procedures. Errors can be prevented by developing safe habits like verifying medications and using memory aids.
3. Patients should be educated on their medication regimens and actively involved in their own care by maintaining accurate medication lists. Thorough medication histories are important to avoid unintended interactions or duplications.
The document discusses various topics related to pharmacology including definitions of pharmacology, pharmacy, clinical pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, medications, and drug effects. It describes pharmacology as the study of drug action and interaction in the body. It defines different types of drug preparations like tablets, capsules, creams, and others. It also discusses key drug terminology such as onset of action, peak plasma level, half-life, and plateau related to how drugs act in the body.
This document provides an overview of pharmacology and related topics. It discusses the areas and classifications of pharmacology, including pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacotherapeutics. It also describes drug names, classifications, regulatory issues, and the phases and factors that influence drug action and effects in the human body. The key aspects covered are the movement and physiological impact of drugs, from absorption and distribution to therapeutic and side effects.
Similar to Administration of Medication, Unit - 12 FON (20)
The document discusses urinary diversion procedures which surgically reroute urine flow out of the body when the normal flow is blocked, including temporary procedures like urinary catheterization and nephrostomy tubes which drain urine until the blockage is treated, as well as permanent diversions that require creating a stoma or internal reservoir to reroute urine to an external pouch. It also provides instructions for caring for urinary diversions by checking the dressing, skin, and urine color and flow through the tubing.
Machinery Equipment and Linen Unit 9 of FON Atul Yadav
This document discusses machinery, equipment and linen. It appears to be a presentation on these topics presented by Atul Yadv, who is identified as an RN and RM. The document focuses on different types of machinery, equipment and linen used in a healthcare setting.
This document discusses lipids and fats. It defines fats and classifies them as simple, compound, or derived lipids. Fats can also be classified by their fatty acid composition as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated. The document outlines the daily recommended intake of fats and their main sources. It describes the digestion, absorption, metabolism and functions of fats, as well as deficiencies from too little or too much fat. Cholesterol is also discussed.
The document defines carbohydrates and classifies them as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. It discusses the daily requirement of carbohydrates, their main sources, and functions like providing energy, sparing protein, and aiding mineral absorption. It describes the digestion of carbohydrates by enzymes into simpler sugars, their absorption and metabolism. Deficiencies can cause ketosis while overconsumption may lead to dental caries, heart disease, obesity, and intestinal irritation.
This document discusses the role of nutrition in nursing. It begins with definitions of key nutrition terms and explores how nutrition impacts health through growth, infection resistance, and disease. Specific nutritional problems in India like protein-energy malnutrition, anemia, and goiter are also examined. The document emphasizes the important role nurses play in nutritional assessment, education, and developing therapeutic diets to maintain and promote patient health.
This presentation contains :-
1.Levels of health care
2. Concepts of prevention
3. Level of prevention
4. Primary prevention
5. Health promotion
6. Specific protection
7. Secondary prevention
8. Tertiary prevention
9. Summary of referral system
10. Triage system
11. Reference slip
12. Referral system in India
13. Definition of referral system
14. System of referral
15. Chain of referral
16. Purpose of referral
17. Requirement for effective referral system
18. The referral units of PHC system need
19. The referral hospital at secondary and tertiary level need
20. Selection of referral case
21. Cases requiring immediate care
22. Referral form
23. Advantages of referral case
24. Key points to effective referral system
25. Nursing role in referral system
Family health care settings home visit (Unit - VI)Atul Yadav
This presentation contains :-
1. Introduction to home visit
2. Definition of home visit
3. Purpose of home visit
4. Principle of home visiting
5. Purpose of home visiting
6. Advantage of home visiting
7. Planning and evaluation of home visiting
8. Bag technique
9. Community bag
10. Clinics in community
11. Health guides
12. Function of health guides
13. Trained dais
14. Function of trained dais
15. Anganwadi worker
16. Sub center
17. Function of sub-center
18. Primary health center
19. Function of primary health center
20. Community health centers
21. Function of community health center
This presentation is for community health nursing records and reports :-
1. Definition of record and report
2. Introduction to record and report
3. Uses of record
4. Uses of records in community health nursing
5. Types of records
6. Essential requirements of records
7. Cumulative records
8. Design of cards
9.
Degree of freedom of a Kinematic Mechanism Atul Yadav
This presentation includes :-
1. Degrees of freedom of a rigid body in a 2D plane
2. Degrees of freedom of a rigid body in a 3D plane
3. Kinematic chain
4. Non-kinematic chain
5. Redundant chain
6. Grubler's criteria
This presentation contains :-
1. Introduction to primary health care
2. alma-ata conference
3. Definition of primary health care
4. Elements of primary health care
5. Principal of primary health care
6.Role of nurse in primary health care
This presentation contains :-
1.Health promotion and maintenance
2. Introduction to health promotion and maintenance
3. Definition of health promotion
4. To promote health concepts
5. Proper nutrition
6. Healthy environment
7. Good health habits
8. Health examination and screening
9. Early diagnosis and treatment
10. Accidents
11. Immunization
12. Health education
13. Socio economic factors that affect health
14. Records in health promotion
This presentation contains :-
1. Concepts of health
2. Definition of health
3. Philosophy of health
4. Dimension of health
5. Determinants of health
6. Indicators of health
This presentation contains ;-
1. Introduction of research
2. Meaning of research
3. Definition of research
4. Need of nursing research
5. Methods of acquiring knowledge
6. Problem solving method
7. Scientific method
8. Steps of scientific methods
9. Characteristics of good research
10. Qualities of a good researcher
11. Ethics in nursing research
12. Informed consent
13. Types of research
14. Quantitative research
15. Qualitative research
16. Mixed method of research
17. Research based on purpose
18. Purpose based research
19. Applied research
20. Research process
21. Steps of quantitative research process
22. Conceptual frame work
23. Formulating research problem
24. Determining study objectives
25. Review of literature
26. Developing conceptual framework
27. Formulating hypothesis
28. Design and planning phase
29. Research approach or research design
30. Specify population
31. sampling
32. Developing tool for data collection
33. Establishing ethical consideration
34. Conducting the pilot study
35. Pilot study
36. Empirical phase
37. Sample selection
38. Data collection
39. Preparing for data analysis
40. Analytic phase
41. Dissemination phase
42. Steps in qualitative research process
43. Role of nurse in research
The document recommends washing hands frequently to help prevent the spread of coronavirus. It also suggests this is an opportunity for people to show compassion for others and help save humanity. Social distancing of at least 2 meters is advised.
Drugs and classification and there examplesAtul Yadav
The document discusses various types of drugs and their classifications including anti-hypertensive drugs which lower blood pressure, anti-tubercular drugs, cephalosporins, penicillins, sulfonamides, anti-bacterial drugs, anti-diarrheal drugs, laxatives, anti-emetics, drugs for peptic ulcers, hypolipidemic drugs, anti-platelet drugs, anticoagulants, diuretics and antidiuretics, anti-arrhythmic drugs, congestive heart failure drugs, peripheral vascular drugs, and antianginal drugs. It was presented by Mr. Atul Yadav.
This presentation contains :-
1.Definition of comfort devices
2. Pillows
3. Purpose or use of pillow
4. Back rest
5. Use of back rest
6. Bed cradle
7. Use of bed cradle
8. Cardiac table
9. use of cardiac table
10. Mattresses
11. Use of mattresses
12. Air mattresses
13. Water mattress
14. Trapeze bar
15. use of trapeze bar
16. Foot board
17. use of foot board
18. Trochanter rolls
19. Sand bags
20, use of sand bags
21. Side rails
22. use of side rails
23. wedge /abductor pillow
24. Knee rest
25. Bed blocks
This document provides an overview of community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, health, and nursing. It describes the causes of poor health and the three types of communities. It explains that community health nursing combines nursing, public health, and social work to promote health, prevent disease, and rehabilitate illness within a defined community. The aims, objectives, principles, functions, and roles of community health nursing are outlined. These include health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, evaluation, and research at the individual, family, and population levels.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
2. Client with acute or chronic alteration in their
health may to use a variety of medication.
The role of nurse in the administration of has
becomes increasingly complex and
diversified.
Administration of correct medication and
dosage by the specified route, using proper
technique and taking appropriate precaution
were once all that was expected of a nurse.
3. Administration of medication is a basic
nursing function that involves knowledge and
skill . The safe and accurate administration of
medication is one of the most important
responsibilities of a nurse. Improper
administration of medication can cause
harmful effects. The nurse administering
medication should have the basic knowledge
regarding drugs which include the following -
4. Name of the drug.
Classification.
Route and time of administration.
Principles of drug action.
Dosage.
Medication standards.
Types and forms of drugs.
Source of information about medication.
System of medication distribution.
5. Medication order.
Prescription and non-prescription
medication.
Weights and measures used.
Preparations of solution and calculation of
fractional doses.
Storing of medication.
Factors affecting safety in the administration
of medication.
6. Abbreviations and symbols used.
Rules for administration of medicine.
Legal aspects of medication administration.
Nurse practice acts.
Institutional medication policies.
Client's rights.
Substance abuse.
Nurse’s role in administration of medication.
7. A drug is a substance that alters physiological
function, with the potential for affecting
health.
A drug is a chemical substance that modifies
body function when taken into the living
organism, which may or may not be a
therapeutic effects.
8. Medication may be defined as a substance
used to promote health, to prevent illness, to
diagnose, to alleviate or cure disease.
A medication is a drug administered for its
therapeutic effects.
All medications are drugs, but not all drugs
are medication.
9. Drugs may be known by several names:-
(a) Chemical name is the name by which a
drug is known to the chemists. For example
the chemical name of the anti-inflammatory
agent ibuprofen is 2-4 (iso butyl phenyl)
propionic acid.
10. (b). Generic name or non-proprietary name is
the name assigned by the manufacturer who
first developed the drug and is assigned by
the United States Adopted Name Council.
(c). Official name is the name by which the
drug is identified in the official publication.
For example BP (British Pharmacopoeia)
11. (d).Trade name or brand name or proprietary
name is the registered name assigned by the
manufacturer and is copyright.
For Example Paracetamol (chemical name)
have different trade names, such asCrocin,
Calpol, Metacin etc.
12. Drugs may be classified in several ways:
according to their:-
a. Chemical composition,
b. Clinical actions,
c. Therapeutic effect on body systems,
e. Their purpose and uses,
f. The symptoms relieved by the drug etc.
13. TERMINOLOGIES :-
Analgesics: Drug used to relieve pain.
Anaesthetics: Drugs which cause loss of
sensation.
Anthelmintics and vermifuges: Drugs which
destroy and expel worms.
Antipyretics: Drugs which reduce fever.
Antidotes: Substances used to counteract
the effects of poison.
14. Antiinfectives: Act either to inhibit, kill or
retard the growth of micro-organisms.
Antiinflammatory:Those help to reduce the
inflammation.
Anticoagulants: Substance which inhibit or
decrease the blood-clotting process, either
by inhibiting the formation of the formation
of the clotting substances.
15. Anticonvulsants:Those used to prevent or
treat convulsions therefore it is used in
epilepsy.
Antacids: Substance that react with
hydrochloride acid to decrease the activity of
the gastric secretion.
Antiseptic: A substance that inhibits the
growth of bacteria.
16. Antibiotics: Products of living micro-
organism that have the ability to destroy or
inhibit the growth of the organism.
Antitussives: Drugs that inhibit the cough
reflex, act primarily upon the cough centre in
the C.N.S.
Antidiarrheatics: Agent that are used to treat
diarrhoea either by detoxicating the noxious
substances or by killing the infectious
gastrointestinal microorganism.
17. Antiasthmatics: Drugs which provides
symptomatic relief of asthmatic attacks by
relaxing the smooth muscles of the
bronchioles.
Antipruritics: A drug that relives itching.
Antispasmodics: An agent that relieves the
spasmodic pains or spasm of the muscles.
18. Antiemetics: Drug relliving or preventing
nausea and vomiting.
Antitubercular:The specific drugs used in the
treatment of tuberculosis.
Diuretics: Which increase the flow of urine.
Digestants: An agent that promote
digestion.
Emetics: An agent that produce vomiting.
19. Galactagogue: Substance that increase the
flow of milk.
Hypnotics: Drugs that produce sleep.
Haemostatics: An agent that stop
hemorrhage.
Hypotensive: Any substance that capable for
lowering the blood pressure.
20. Hormones:They are the substitutes for body
hormones.
Inotropes:They are the drugs that
strengthen cardiac contraction.
Mydriatics: Dilate the pupil of the eye.
Myotics: Contract the pupil of the eye.
Muscle relaxants: Agent used for diminution
of tension or functional activity of muscles.
21. Narcotics: A drug that produces stupor or
complete insensibility.
Sedatives: Substances which lessen the body
activity.
Stimulants: Increase the functional activity
of an organ or system.
22. Vasodilators: Drugs which dilate the blood
vessels and consequently lower the blood
pressure.
Vasoconstrictors: Drug or agent that cause
constriction of the blood vessels with the
effect of raising the blood pressure.
23. 1. Oral route: The most common route of
drug administration.
Drug are given by mouth more frequently
than by other route.
Advantages:
(a) It is safe, convenient and economical.
(b) Self medication is possible
(c) Complication of parenteral therapy are
avoided .
24. Disadvantages:
(a) Onset of drug action is slower than
parenteral route.
(b) Drug which are bitter in taste cannot be
administer.
(c) Drugs producing nausea/vomiting cannot
be administer.
(d)This route is not possible in an
unconscious patient.
25. 2. Sublingual route :-The drug is placed
under the tongue. It is allowed to dissolve in
the mouth.
Advantages:
A. Onset of action is quick.
B. Inactivation of drug in the stomach is
avoided.
C.The drug enters directly into systematic
circulation without inactive in the liver.
26. 3. Rectal route:- The drug is placed inside
rectum as suppositories, or enema.
Advantages:
A.This route is frequently used when
nausea/vomiting are present.
B. Irritation of gastric mucosa is avoided.
C. It is suitable for those drugs which are
destroyed by gastric acidity.
27. 4. Inhalation route:- The drugs are inhaled in
the form of vapors and absorption of drugs
occur through respiration tract mucosa.
5. Cutaneous orTopical route:- The
application of suitable drugs dosage from to
the skin for either local or systemic effects is
known as topical route.
28. 7. Parental route:- Route of administration
of drug other than alimentary tract are called
parental.The drugs is injected with the help
of an injection directly into the blood or some
particular part of the body. Injections may be
given :-
29. The drugs are injected in one of superficial
vein. A large volume of drugs can be
administer easily through this route.
Advantages:-
A. It produce rapid action
B. Dose is easy to monitor
C. Large quantities of fluid can be given by
this route.
30. D. Drug is not destroyed either by liver or
intestine.
Disadvantages:-
A. It is highly unsafe route
B. Drug given can not be withdraw
C.Trained personal is required to give this
injection
D.Venous irritation can be lead to
thrombosis.
31. The drugs is injected directly in the muscles
.Gluteus and deltoid muscles are the most
common sites use in adult .
Advantages:-
A. Fat soluble drugs can be given only by this
route.
B. onset of action is rapid.
C. absorption is good
32. Disadvantages:-
A. Injection produce local pain
B. Maximum of 5 ml can be given by this
route.
33. The drug is injected into the skin.This route is
mainly for sensitivity test(for allergens) and
immunization.The forearm and upper back
are the chosen sites.
34. The drug is injected directly in the
subcutaneous tissue, fatty layer only small
amount(0.5-1 ml) of drug can be given by this
route.
35. Diagnose disease
Prevent disease
Treat disease/ decrease symptoms
Restore normal function
Maintain normal function
36. Always use 7R’s:-
Right patient
Right route
Right time
Right medication/drug
Right dose
Right method
Right documentation
37. It is the administration of drug:
1.Which is not given according to the order.
2. Inappropriate for the client.
3.Medication was given but not charted.
4. Administration of medication at the wrong
rate.
5. Administration of medication at wrong
route.
38. Administration of medication at wrong time.
Administration of medication at wrong dose.
Administration of wrong medication.
Administration of medication to wrong client.
NOTE:- When medication error occur
note/document that as it occur.
39. Medication are manufacture in a of forms or
preparation to make them more useful or
easy to administer. Many medication are
made in several forms.The form of drug
guides the route of administration.The nurse
should be quit sure to use the proper form
while administering medication.
40. FORM/PREPARATION
Aqueous solution
Capsule
DESCRIPTION
One or more drugs
dissolved in water.
Powder or gel form of drug
encased in a hard or soft
outer casing that dissolves
in stomach, liquids
41. FORM/PREPARATION
Lotion
Ointment
DESCRIPTION
Drugs in liquid suspension
intended for external use.
Semisolid preparation of a
drug or drug inVaseline
that is applied to and
absorbed by the skin
42. FORM/PREPARATION
Pill
Powder
DESCRIPTION
Drug in powder form mixed
in a cohesive material such
as liquids.
A finely ground form of a
drug or drugs. Some are
used internally and some
are used externally
43. To stock the medicine, each ward should be
provided with a medicine cabinet/room.
It should be large enough to hold all
medication stocked in a ward.
As far as a possible the medicine room should
be kept separate and near to nursing room.
A washing sink with running water should be
there for hand washing.
44. Adequate light should be there for reading
label of medicine.
There should be a separate compartment for
different kind of drugs to protect them from
mixing .
Drugs use for external use place separate
from internal use medicine.
45. The container should be place or arrange in
alphabetically, so that it is easy to find them.
Poisonous drugs should be kept in a separate
cupboard which must be have separate lock
and key.
A senior nurse have the responsibility for
poisonous drugs.
46. A register should be maintained to kept the
account of the poisonous drugs.
A daily inventory should be taken to prevent
theft of narcotics.
All the poisonous drugs should be marked
“poison” in red ink.
No drug should be stored without labels,
even for a day.
47. All medication container should be kept
closed always.
The drug that are unusual in colour, odour
and consistency should be returned to the
pharmacy and replaced with fresh ones.
Check the expiry dates of every drug before
use.
48. Therapeutic Effect :- It is effect which is
desired or the reason a drug is prescribed.
Therapeutic effects are the medication’s
desired and intentional effects.
Local and systemic effects:- Local effects of
a drug are expected when they are applied
topically to the skin or mucus membrane.
49. A drug used for systemic effect must be
absorbed into the blood stream to systemic
effect in the various systems and parts of the
body.
Adverse Effects:-Adverse effect is any effect
other than the therapeutic effect.
Side Effect:- Side effects are the minor
adverse effects. Side effects can be harmful
or harmless.
50. Toxic effect:- The effects of drug after
prolonged use of drug or due to overdose of
drugs.
Intolerance:- When a patient is more
sensitive to effects of drugs, a drug produce
toxic effects even at therapeutic doses.
51. Allergic reaction or hypersensitivity:-These
reaction to drugs are the result of body’s
immunological response to a drug. In this
reaction drug act as a allergen.
Idiosyncrasy:- These are defined as
genetically determined unexpected response
to drug, e.g., primaquine produce haemolysis
in Negroes.
52. Photosensitivity:- Some drugs cause
sensitization of skin to ultraviolet radiation.
Drug Dependence:-It is a state of person in
which the person has a compulsion to
continue taking the drug in order to
experience pleasurable psychic effects.
53. Withdrawal reaction:- Sudden
discontinuation of some drugs result in
adverse consequences.
Teratogenicity:- some drugs produce fetal
abnormalities if used in pregnancy, such drug
are known as teratogenic.
Carcinogenicity:- some drugs after
prolonged administration may induce cancer.
54. Age:- Infants, children and elderly requires
smaller amount of dose as compared to
adults.
Sex:- Male required large dose as compared
to produce same response.
Race:-There may be racial different of drug
response due to genetic differences or
difference in life style etc.
55. Weight:- More weight patient needs higher
doses.
Route of administration:-The routes are
also affects the drug response, i.e., parental
route produce rapid action then other routes.
Health and illness:- Many drugs are
metabolised in liver and excreted through
kidney.
56. Effects of other drugs:-When two or more
drugs administer simultaneously.They may
modify the response of each other.
Tolerance:- Prolonged use of some drugs
required high dosages for producing some
response, e.g., opiates.
57. Physical state:- Form of drug either it is
liquid, solid, or gaseous.
Particle size:- Size of drug also affect the
absorption.
Solubility:- Easily solution drugs is quicker
absorbed.
Area of absorption surface:- Large area of
absorption surface, quicker absorption of
drug.
58. Route of administration:- Where it is
IV,IM,SC,ID.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75. ad - up to
a.c. - before meals
b.i.d - twice daily
conc. - concentrated
C. - with
dil - diluted
div. - divide
et. - and
gutt. or gtt.- a drop
h.s. - at bed time
76. i.c. - between meals
m - mix (thou)
mist. - a mixture
noct. or n. - at night
o.h. - every hour
p.c. - after meals
p.prand - after dinner
p.r.n. - as need arises
q.i.d - four times a day
q.s. - as much as may be required
77. q.h. - every hour
q.q.hor. - every four hours
S. - without
stat. - immediately
s.o.s - when required
spt. - spirit
syr. - syrup
t.i.d - thrice daily
t.d.s. - to be taken three times a day
tinc. or tr. - a tincture
78. ARTICLE REQUIRED
A trolley
A bowel of clean water.
Ounce glass, minim glass,
teaspoon, dropper etc.
PURPOSE
To take different
medications and articles to
the bedside.
To wash the medicine
glass.
To measure the
medication.
79. ARTICLE REQUIRED
Drinking water in a glass or
feeding cup.
Mortar and pestle.
Medicine slab and spatula.
Duster or towel
Kidney tray & paper bag
Plastic measuring cups and
soufflé cups.
Medicine cards.
PURPOSE
To offer to the client after
the medicine is given to
him.
To crush the medication.
To divide the medicine.
To wipe out the bottle.
To discard the waste.
To take the medication to
the individual client.
To write mediation order.
80. Wash hands.
Read the physician order.
After reading the medication card take the
appropriate medicine from the shelf.
Measure the medication, calculate dose if
necessary.
Take the medication as needed or ordered.
Return the container back into the shelf.
81. Place the medication card with the
medication on the tray.
Prepare each medication into separate
containers.
Lock the medication cabinet and take the
medication to the bed side.
Identify the client with the medicine card.
Administer medication as prescribe.
82. Provide water to drink after the medicines are
administer.
Place the ounce glass in the bowel of water.