Frogs were collected and their stomach contents analyzed to determine their diet. Several frogs' stomachs contained darkling beetles, while others contained corn seeds or clear fluid. Darkling beetles are primary consumers that feed on plants, placing them on the second trophic level. Food chains typically have 4-5 trophic levels because not all energy from lower levels is transferred upwards, limiting populations at higher levels. A frog's diet depends on the habitat and food sources available, and more plant matter supports larger darkling beetle populations, and subsequently more frogs.
Fish Taxonomy & Charateristics
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata (Back bone present)
Supraclass Agnatha (Jawless Fish)
Class Myxini (Hagfish)
Class Cphalospidomorphi (Lamprey)
Supraclass Gnathostomata (Jawed Fish)
Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
Class Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
Fish Taxonomy & Charateristics
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata (Back bone present)
Supraclass Agnatha (Jawless Fish)
Class Myxini (Hagfish)
Class Cphalospidomorphi (Lamprey)
Supraclass Gnathostomata (Jawed Fish)
Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
Class Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
Fish Culture or fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. It is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, tilapia, salmon, and catfish.
This is just a little effort. In Fish Culturing techniques, these points might be helpful to keep your fish ponds from enemies of eggs, fry, fingerlings and even adult fish. The controls and prevention measurements are also given.
Reference book used: Textbook of Fish culture: Marcel-Huet
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).In this system, the process of digestion has many stages, the first of which starts in the mouth. Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body.
Chewing, in which food is mixed with saliva begins the process of digestion. This produces a bolus which can be swallowed down the esophagus and into the stomach. Here it is mixed with gastric juice until it passes into the duodenum, where it is mixed with a number of enzymes produced by the pancreas. Saliva also contains a catalytic enzyme called amylase which starts to act on food in the mouth. Another digestive enzyme called lingual lipase is secreted by some of the lingual papillae on the tongue and also from serous glands in the main salivary glands. Digestion is helped by the mastication of food by the teeth and also by the muscular actions of peristalsis and segmentation contractions. Gastric juice in the stomach is essential for the continuation of digestion as is the production of mucus in the stomach.
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (faeces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum.
Fish Culture or fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. It is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, tilapia, salmon, and catfish.
This is just a little effort. In Fish Culturing techniques, these points might be helpful to keep your fish ponds from enemies of eggs, fry, fingerlings and even adult fish. The controls and prevention measurements are also given.
Reference book used: Textbook of Fish culture: Marcel-Huet
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).In this system, the process of digestion has many stages, the first of which starts in the mouth. Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body.
Chewing, in which food is mixed with saliva begins the process of digestion. This produces a bolus which can be swallowed down the esophagus and into the stomach. Here it is mixed with gastric juice until it passes into the duodenum, where it is mixed with a number of enzymes produced by the pancreas. Saliva also contains a catalytic enzyme called amylase which starts to act on food in the mouth. Another digestive enzyme called lingual lipase is secreted by some of the lingual papillae on the tongue and also from serous glands in the main salivary glands. Digestion is helped by the mastication of food by the teeth and also by the muscular actions of peristalsis and segmentation contractions. Gastric juice in the stomach is essential for the continuation of digestion as is the production of mucus in the stomach.
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (faeces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum.
10 reasons why you must visit leh ladakh tripsimplyladakh
There are few places on earth which every person must visit at least once in his lifetime. Ladakh is one such place which is highly recommended to every traveler for the fascinating landscapes, eternal beauty and peaceful solitude. Ladakh tourism offers all the reasons for all kinds of travelers to visit this divine destination which is a highly recommended place to visit.
Topic 4 nutrition part 2 : COMPILED from Various resourcesSHAKINAZ DESA
Describe the function of digestive systems in animals.
Identify the needs of nutrition in plants.
Describe the transportation of water and nutrients in plants
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the e.pdfanupamselection
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the earth, accounting for about
95% of all animal species. They have been around for millions of years and occupy just about
every kind of habitat you can think of. Mnay invertebrates are useful to man like bees which give
honey.silk worms which give silk, some are used as food and some are considered as pests
responsible for destroying crops. Sampling invertebrates rquires standard protocols as these
creatures are quite delicate and need to be handled carefully.
2. Qualitative sampling enables researchers to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon
they are studying. They identify the presence or absence.
Quantitative sampling gives us the number / amount of substance we are studying
Semi quantitative sampling shows the amount of substance relative to the threshold.
4. Ontogenetic shift is the space an individul needs as it gets older. This is related to the
distribution of individuals juveniles have clustered arrangement, random arrangement when they
grow and regular arrangement when they are adults.
6. Quantitative assessment of diet.
Assessing current intake. -
24-hour recalls
estimated food records
·weighed food records.
Assessing past intake -
dietary history
food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ).
Solution
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the earth, accounting for about
95% of all animal species. They have been around for millions of years and occupy just about
every kind of habitat you can think of. Mnay invertebrates are useful to man like bees which give
honey.silk worms which give silk, some are used as food and some are considered as pests
responsible for destroying crops. Sampling invertebrates rquires standard protocols as these
creatures are quite delicate and need to be handled carefully.
2. Qualitative sampling enables researchers to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon
they are studying. They identify the presence or absence.
Quantitative sampling gives us the number / amount of substance we are studying
Semi quantitative sampling shows the amount of substance relative to the threshold.
4. Ontogenetic shift is the space an individul needs as it gets older. This is related to the
distribution of individuals juveniles have clustered arrangement, random arrangement when they
grow and regular arrangement when they are adults.
6. Quantitative assessment of diet.
Assessing current intake. -
24-hour recalls
estimated food records
·weighed food records.
Assessing past intake -
dietary history
food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ)..
Similar to Activity 8 Stomach Content Analysis (20)
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
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https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
3. Stomach Content Analysis
•A method of determining food habits of a
species
•Disclose presence of species not obtained
by ordinary collecting methods
9. Question
1
Of the organisms found in the frog gut,
which of these are considered, herbivore,
carnivore, and parasite? Discuss briefly
their position in the pyramid of
productivity.
10. Answer
1
Darkling Beetles are herbivores. The position of darkling beetles in
the pyramid of productivity is on the second base.
11. Question
2
The transfer of energy in a given
ecosystem is not 100 % efficient. Why are
food chains limited only to about 4-5 trophic
levels?
12. Answers
2
Pyramid of productivity assumes only 10% efficiency of energy
transfer across all trophic levels because:
1) not everything in the lower levels gets eaten
2) not everything that is eaten is digested
3) energy is always being lost as heat
•Food chains tend to have 4-5 trophic levels because sufficient energy
is unavailable to support a large enough breeding population at
trophic levels higher than these.
13. Question
3
Does the type of food they eat have to do
with the type of habitat they live? Can you
relate the productivity of the ecosystem
with the data you have?
14. Answer
3
The type of food the frogs eat depends on the habitat they live in.
This is because if the type of food items available in the habitat are
only secondary consumers then these frogs would most likely be
carnivorous instead of herbivorous or both.
We can relate our data with the productivity of the ecosystem by
inferring that the number of beetles found inside the frogs’ stomach
is directly proportional to the number of plants available for them to
consume. In other words more plants, more beetles then more
beetles, more frogs.
15. Conclusion
Frogs are organism that can either be
classified as a secondary or tertiary
consumer. Their presence infers that there
is high species diversity and productivity in
a certain ecosystem.
