1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the earth, accounting for about
95% of all animal species. They have been around for millions of years and occupy just about
every kind of habitat you can think of. Mnay invertebrates are useful to man like bees which give
honey.silk worms which give silk, some are used as food and some are considered as pests
responsible for destroying crops. Sampling invertebrates rquires standard protocols as these
creatures are quite delicate and need to be handled carefully.
2. Qualitative sampling enables researchers to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon
they are studying. They identify the presence or absence.
Quantitative sampling gives us the number / amount of substance we are studying
Semi quantitative sampling shows the amount of substance relative to the threshold.
4. Ontogenetic shift is the space an individul needs as it gets older. This is related to the
distribution of individuals juveniles have clustered arrangement, random arrangement when they
grow and regular arrangement when they are adults.
6. Quantitative assessment of diet.
Assessing current intake. -
24-hour recalls
estimated food records
·weighed food records.
Assessing past intake -
dietary history
food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ).
Solution
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the earth, accounting for about
95% of all animal species. They have been around for millions of years and occupy just about
every kind of habitat you can think of. Mnay invertebrates are useful to man like bees which give
honey.silk worms which give silk, some are used as food and some are considered as pests
responsible for destroying crops. Sampling invertebrates rquires standard protocols as these
creatures are quite delicate and need to be handled carefully.
2. Qualitative sampling enables researchers to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon
they are studying. They identify the presence or absence.
Quantitative sampling gives us the number / amount of substance we are studying
Semi quantitative sampling shows the amount of substance relative to the threshold.
4. Ontogenetic shift is the space an individul needs as it gets older. This is related to the
distribution of individuals juveniles have clustered arrangement, random arrangement when they
grow and regular arrangement when they are adults.
6. Quantitative assessment of diet.
Assessing current intake. -
24-hour recalls
estimated food records
·weighed food records.
Assessing past intake -
dietary history
food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ)..
Unveiling the Gourmet World of Mice_ An In-Depth Exploration of Their Dietary...Beyond news
Mice, those agile and intelligent creatures, have captured the curiosity of humans for generations. Beyond their intriguing behaviors and nimble movements, their dietary habits offer a captivating glimpse into their survival strategies. In this comprehensive article, we'll embark on a journey to uncover what do mice eat, examining their adaptable diets and the factors that drive their food choices.
Unveiling the Gourmet World of Mice_ An In-Depth Exploration of Their Dietary...Beyond news
Mice, those agile and intelligent creatures, have captured the curiosity of humans for generations. Beyond their intriguing behaviors and nimble movements, their dietary habits offer a captivating glimpse into their survival strategies. In this comprehensive article, we'll embark on a journey to uncover what do mice eat, examining their adaptable diets and the factors that drive their food choices.
Are edible insects the next sustainable source of proteins challenges in the ...foodresearch
Animal-based products, such as meat and milk, deliver primary nutritional components around the globe. To handle the rapidly growing population and to sustain global food production by keeping an account of the carbon emissions during this process is proving to be quite challenging. One of the potential alternative sources of proteins is edible insects with protein content ranged from 35% to 61%, lipids (13-33%) and contains significant amount of animal fiber in form of insoluble chitin. Insects are a part of the human diet in many cultures in different countries. However, entomophagy is not promoted widely even by many international organizations. The common popular insects fall into these categories, beetles, bees, caterpillars, ants, wasps, locusts, crickets, leafhoppers and grasshoppers, true bugs, termites, dragonflies and flies.
Are the insects eating could be the future?
As a consumer, we should be aware of entomophagy, and the insect rearing might become a necessity in the future. Some consumers in different countries are willing to pay a premium price as street foods are sold in hygienic conditions. Entomophagy is revalidated from time to time with the help of worldwide campaigns in countries suffering from acute food shortages. The global strategy is to maintain sustainable food security for everyone.
Food Research Lab can help you solve these problems related to the formulation of food products with edible insects. FRL is for food and nutraceutical manufacturers as well as those companies involved in NPD and developing spec without manufacturing. FRL gives you the ability to improve all phases and aspects of new product development, such as original specification, ideation, shelf-life, and packaging. Additionally, you can get them out to market quicker than ever before.
Want to know more: https://bit.ly/3zNDnV3
Contact us:
Website: https://www.foodresearchlab.com/
Contact no: UK- +44- 161 818 4656 , INDIA- +91 9566299022
Email: info@foodresearchlab.com
fish ecology and feed chain in aquatic enviromentwaleedelhawarry2
describe the aquatic ecosystem and different natural food and feeding habits of fish species, thus helping to quite clearly understand the requirements for successful fish farming
Episode 5(3): Where and how we started our path to now - Meetup session 18William Hall
This is the 18th of 23 presentations in a series introducing and outlining my hypertext book project, "Application Holy Wars or a New Reformation - A Fugue on the Theory of Knowledge". The project explores the interactions of technology and cognition in the extraordinary evolutionary history of the human species.
This session explores the origins of the hominin lineage. Our ancestors were the unfortunate apes who were stranded on the African savanna when climate change destroyed the primeval forests of their Garden of Eden. Our capuchin monkey cousins in the thorn scrubs of Brazil are currently facing similar circumstances.
Like hominins, it seems that some capuchins are becoming more bipedal when they need to cross treeless scrub lands or to carry heavy objects. Some capuchin groups have even developed food processing industries!
This session reviews some of the comparative evidence showing how tool-using apes (and monkeys) can adapt with technological solutions when climatic change turns their forests into dry thorn forests and savannas and forces them to work for their livings.
● Our ancestors were probably the first primates to successfully transmit large amounts of knowledge culturally.
The steps from scavenging meat on the savanna from carnivores to becoming the top carnivore of Africa and then the world are traced.
A brief introduction to subsistence strategies around the world. This lesson is geared towards intermediate-advanced EFL students.
This lesson is not a comprehensive study of subsistence with full details , rather it's aim is to introduce students to big picture concepts, improve vocabulary, and activate critical thinking skills.
Commonly used European and western country used that predatory mite.
In especially green house crops to manage phytophagous mite along with thrips.
Predatory mites deserve special mention in an agricultural country like India, where agriculture is always under threat of constant pest attack.
Predatory mites of the family phytoseiidae constitute a highly significant beneficial group on account of their vital role in the maintenance of pest population below EIL.
Predatory mites are now valued with growers worldwide as natural enemies that provide effective pest control in green house and on agricultural crops
Phytoseiid mites have received global attention since the 1950’s.
The species of Phytoseiidae are potentially important as a biotic factor in the control of phytophagous mites particularly Tetranychid and Eriophid mites.
Mass multiplication
1- Materials are deep-seated in human culture- Do you agree with this.docxtjames442
1. Materials are deep-seated in human culture. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? Give examples of different materials used in different cultures and time periods. Which materials are the most researched/sought-after materials right now?
Solution
Ecologists sometimes describe nonhuman species in terms of their reproductive strategies in different types of environments (e.g., Pianka, 1970; Matthews & Kitching, 1984). Unpredictable or unstable environments select for relatively short-lived organisms with small body size, early maturity, high fecundity (capability of producing numerous offspring), and good dispersal abilities. As might be expected, such species are characterized by high juvenile mortality rates and widely fluctuating populations. Because their evolutionary success is dependent on high potential population growth rates, such organisms are called r-strategists. Among mammals, small rodents are typically r-selected.
At the other end of the spectrum are so-called K-strategists, organisms usually associated with relatively predictable or stable ecosystems. K-strategists are typically large-bodied, long-lived and late-maturing. They generally have low reproductive and dispersal rates, but also extended parental care and thus high survival rates to maturity. The populations of K-strategists are therefore relatively stable and tend to press up against the fluctuating carrying capacities (K) of their ecosystems. Indeed, they are said to be K-selected, because their individual survival and overall evolutionary success depend on competitive superiority at high population densities under conditions of resource scarcity. Humans are clearly K-strategists, a distinction we share with other large mammals ranging from tapirs through elephants to blue whales.
.
1) pH is alkalotic and it is caused due to combined (mixed) alkalosi.pdfanupamselection
1) pH is alkalotic and it is caused due to combined (mixed) alkalosis.
2) the combined( mixed) alkalosis is causing the PaCO2 level to be abnormal and it is low.
Solution
1) pH is alkalotic and it is caused due to combined (mixed) alkalosis.
2) the combined( mixed) alkalosis is causing the PaCO2 level to be abnormal and it is low..
More Related Content
Similar to 1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the e.pdf
Are edible insects the next sustainable source of proteins challenges in the ...foodresearch
Animal-based products, such as meat and milk, deliver primary nutritional components around the globe. To handle the rapidly growing population and to sustain global food production by keeping an account of the carbon emissions during this process is proving to be quite challenging. One of the potential alternative sources of proteins is edible insects with protein content ranged from 35% to 61%, lipids (13-33%) and contains significant amount of animal fiber in form of insoluble chitin. Insects are a part of the human diet in many cultures in different countries. However, entomophagy is not promoted widely even by many international organizations. The common popular insects fall into these categories, beetles, bees, caterpillars, ants, wasps, locusts, crickets, leafhoppers and grasshoppers, true bugs, termites, dragonflies and flies.
Are the insects eating could be the future?
As a consumer, we should be aware of entomophagy, and the insect rearing might become a necessity in the future. Some consumers in different countries are willing to pay a premium price as street foods are sold in hygienic conditions. Entomophagy is revalidated from time to time with the help of worldwide campaigns in countries suffering from acute food shortages. The global strategy is to maintain sustainable food security for everyone.
Food Research Lab can help you solve these problems related to the formulation of food products with edible insects. FRL is for food and nutraceutical manufacturers as well as those companies involved in NPD and developing spec without manufacturing. FRL gives you the ability to improve all phases and aspects of new product development, such as original specification, ideation, shelf-life, and packaging. Additionally, you can get them out to market quicker than ever before.
Want to know more: https://bit.ly/3zNDnV3
Contact us:
Website: https://www.foodresearchlab.com/
Contact no: UK- +44- 161 818 4656 , INDIA- +91 9566299022
Email: info@foodresearchlab.com
fish ecology and feed chain in aquatic enviromentwaleedelhawarry2
describe the aquatic ecosystem and different natural food and feeding habits of fish species, thus helping to quite clearly understand the requirements for successful fish farming
Episode 5(3): Where and how we started our path to now - Meetup session 18William Hall
This is the 18th of 23 presentations in a series introducing and outlining my hypertext book project, "Application Holy Wars or a New Reformation - A Fugue on the Theory of Knowledge". The project explores the interactions of technology and cognition in the extraordinary evolutionary history of the human species.
This session explores the origins of the hominin lineage. Our ancestors were the unfortunate apes who were stranded on the African savanna when climate change destroyed the primeval forests of their Garden of Eden. Our capuchin monkey cousins in the thorn scrubs of Brazil are currently facing similar circumstances.
Like hominins, it seems that some capuchins are becoming more bipedal when they need to cross treeless scrub lands or to carry heavy objects. Some capuchin groups have even developed food processing industries!
This session reviews some of the comparative evidence showing how tool-using apes (and monkeys) can adapt with technological solutions when climatic change turns their forests into dry thorn forests and savannas and forces them to work for their livings.
● Our ancestors were probably the first primates to successfully transmit large amounts of knowledge culturally.
The steps from scavenging meat on the savanna from carnivores to becoming the top carnivore of Africa and then the world are traced.
A brief introduction to subsistence strategies around the world. This lesson is geared towards intermediate-advanced EFL students.
This lesson is not a comprehensive study of subsistence with full details , rather it's aim is to introduce students to big picture concepts, improve vocabulary, and activate critical thinking skills.
Commonly used European and western country used that predatory mite.
In especially green house crops to manage phytophagous mite along with thrips.
Predatory mites deserve special mention in an agricultural country like India, where agriculture is always under threat of constant pest attack.
Predatory mites of the family phytoseiidae constitute a highly significant beneficial group on account of their vital role in the maintenance of pest population below EIL.
Predatory mites are now valued with growers worldwide as natural enemies that provide effective pest control in green house and on agricultural crops
Phytoseiid mites have received global attention since the 1950’s.
The species of Phytoseiidae are potentially important as a biotic factor in the control of phytophagous mites particularly Tetranychid and Eriophid mites.
Mass multiplication
1- Materials are deep-seated in human culture- Do you agree with this.docxtjames442
1. Materials are deep-seated in human culture. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? Give examples of different materials used in different cultures and time periods. Which materials are the most researched/sought-after materials right now?
Solution
Ecologists sometimes describe nonhuman species in terms of their reproductive strategies in different types of environments (e.g., Pianka, 1970; Matthews & Kitching, 1984). Unpredictable or unstable environments select for relatively short-lived organisms with small body size, early maturity, high fecundity (capability of producing numerous offspring), and good dispersal abilities. As might be expected, such species are characterized by high juvenile mortality rates and widely fluctuating populations. Because their evolutionary success is dependent on high potential population growth rates, such organisms are called r-strategists. Among mammals, small rodents are typically r-selected.
At the other end of the spectrum are so-called K-strategists, organisms usually associated with relatively predictable or stable ecosystems. K-strategists are typically large-bodied, long-lived and late-maturing. They generally have low reproductive and dispersal rates, but also extended parental care and thus high survival rates to maturity. The populations of K-strategists are therefore relatively stable and tend to press up against the fluctuating carrying capacities (K) of their ecosystems. Indeed, they are said to be K-selected, because their individual survival and overall evolutionary success depend on competitive superiority at high population densities under conditions of resource scarcity. Humans are clearly K-strategists, a distinction we share with other large mammals ranging from tapirs through elephants to blue whales.
.
Similar to 1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the e.pdf (20)
1) pH is alkalotic and it is caused due to combined (mixed) alkalosi.pdfanupamselection
1) pH is alkalotic and it is caused due to combined (mixed) alkalosis.
2) the combined( mixed) alkalosis is causing the PaCO2 level to be abnormal and it is low.
Solution
1) pH is alkalotic and it is caused due to combined (mixed) alkalosis.
2) the combined( mixed) alkalosis is causing the PaCO2 level to be abnormal and it is low..
1) Economical for transport of goods and services2) Reducing traff.pdfanupamselection
1) Economical for transport of goods and services
2) Reducing traffic between 2 places.
3) Connecting Rural areas to Urban Areas
4) Reducing the travelling time between the 2 places.
5) Regional development of the place.
Solution
1) Economical for transport of goods and services
2) Reducing traffic between 2 places.
3) Connecting Rural areas to Urban Areas
4) Reducing the travelling time between the 2 places.
5) Regional development of the place..
There are some general processes which you need to follow while crea.pdfanupamselection
There are some general processes which you need to follow while creating a website is:
1. Collecting of Information: The very first phase while building a site is to gather information
related to your website like
2. Planning of the website:- In planning phase we decide what information we want to put on the
home page and what information we want to hide. Here we also decide the UI for our website
and also the technology we use to design our website.
3. Designing of your website: - At this stage we design our website keeping in mind the targeted
audience because the first interaction of your website to your client is through the view of your
website, so it should be catchy to the eyes of your user. Believe me a good design is a key in
website development. While designing you also should know the current trade in the type of
websites that you are designing, this gives you some ideas in designing your website.
4. Development of the website:- In the development phase we actually give the functioning to the
website by connecting the front end of the website to the backend means a hosting server or a
local host. In this phase we also made the navigation system for our website by distributing the
content all over the website like in Worldpress or other CMS (content management systems)
software etc.
5. Testing phase:- In this phase we check the whole of the website by checking its compatibility
on different browsers and also checking the navigation problems between the various pages of a
website if any.
After rectifying all the errors in the website we finally register our website to any web host
which provide us a unique domain name server also known as DNS through which we can host
our website to the server.
So these above are the some general processes which you need to follow while building any
website.
Solution
There are some general processes which you need to follow while creating a website is:
1. Collecting of Information: The very first phase while building a site is to gather information
related to your website like
2. Planning of the website:- In planning phase we decide what information we want to put on the
home page and what information we want to hide. Here we also decide the UI for our website
and also the technology we use to design our website.
3. Designing of your website: - At this stage we design our website keeping in mind the targeted
audience because the first interaction of your website to your client is through the view of your
website, so it should be catchy to the eyes of your user. Believe me a good design is a key in
website development. While designing you also should know the current trade in the type of
websites that you are designing, this gives you some ideas in designing your website.
4. Development of the website:- In the development phase we actually give the functioning to the
website by connecting the front end of the website to the backend means a hosting server or a
local host. In this phase we also made the.
Ques-1A keystone species is defined as a species, which has an ex.pdfanupamselection
Ques-1:
A keystone species is defined as a species, which has an excessively large impact on its
individual environment relative to its “own species abundance”. This has mutualistic relationship
& enabling an important function in maintaining balance of their species in ecological
community.
The gardens of “fungus-growing leaf-cutter ants” form a complex community of coevolved
species engaged in a variety of interspecific interactions for example, actinobacteria (bottom
level of organization), the prokaryotic keystone species has mutualistic relationship to increase
nitrogen supply that can control fungus by secreting “antibiotics”. Escovopsis fungi are going to
consume cultivated fungus. Lepiotaceae family members, yeast are going to supply nutrients to
growing ants and this fungus benefits fungus growing leaf cutter ants by destroying
“actinobacteria” therefore, and top-down trophic levels of organization i.e. plants are going to get
benefit from these keystone species
A few predators have the ability to control other high population distribution by predation in the
habitat and acts as “keystone species” in the ecosystem balance. Therefore, it has clearly
observed from the above hypothesis, all the three species in the above are inter-related, mostly; a
keystone species is useful to keep the ecosystem in balance. These predators have specific
impact in maintaining ecosystem balance with major impact on the environment by reducing sea
urchin high distribution.
Solution
Ques-1:
A keystone species is defined as a species, which has an excessively large impact on its
individual environment relative to its “own species abundance”. This has mutualistic relationship
& enabling an important function in maintaining balance of their species in ecological
community.
The gardens of “fungus-growing leaf-cutter ants” form a complex community of coevolved
species engaged in a variety of interspecific interactions for example, actinobacteria (bottom
level of organization), the prokaryotic keystone species has mutualistic relationship to increase
nitrogen supply that can control fungus by secreting “antibiotics”. Escovopsis fungi are going to
consume cultivated fungus. Lepiotaceae family members, yeast are going to supply nutrients to
growing ants and this fungus benefits fungus growing leaf cutter ants by destroying
“actinobacteria” therefore, and top-down trophic levels of organization i.e. plants are going to get
benefit from these keystone species
A few predators have the ability to control other high population distribution by predation in the
habitat and acts as “keystone species” in the ecosystem balance. Therefore, it has clearly
observed from the above hypothesis, all the three species in the above are inter-related, mostly; a
keystone species is useful to keep the ecosystem in balance. These predators have specific
impact in maintaining ecosystem balance with major impact on the environment by reducing sea
urchin high distribution..
PO42- is produced when CaPO4 is dissolved. Adding acid to the soluti.pdfanupamselection
PO42- is produced when CaPO4 is dissolved. Adding acid to the solution allows the formation of
the hydrogen phosphate weak acid equilibrium.
PO42- + H+ <-> HPO4-
This is going to remove some of the phosphate ions in the solution by forming the conjugate acid
(HPO4-).
Since Ksp is a constant, and the phosphate is being depleted, more of the salt needs to dissolve in
order for the Ksp to be satisfied. Therefore, the solubility is increased.
Solution
PO42- is produced when CaPO4 is dissolved. Adding acid to the solution allows the formation of
the hydrogen phosphate weak acid equilibrium.
PO42- + H+ <-> HPO4-
This is going to remove some of the phosphate ions in the solution by forming the conjugate acid
(HPO4-).
Since Ksp is a constant, and the phosphate is being depleted, more of the salt needs to dissolve in
order for the Ksp to be satisfied. Therefore, the solubility is increased..
package length; A Length is an object that has a length and .pdfanupamselection
package length;
/**
* A Length is an object that has a length and a unit, can be converted to
* meters, can be added to other Lengths, and can be compared to other Lengths.
*
* @author Tom Bylander
*/
publicabstractclass Length implements Comparable {
/**
* The length in the units of this object.
*/
privatedouble length;
/**
* Store the length in this Length.
*
* @param length
*/
public Length(double length) {
this.length = length;
}
/**
* This should add the other Length to this Length object.
*
* @param other
*/
publicabstractvoid add(Length other);
/**
* This should return a different String if the length is exactly 1.0.
*
* @return the correct name of the unit of this Length object.
*/
publicabstract String getUnit();
/**
* @return the length in meters
*/
publicabstractdouble toMeters();
/**
* @return the length of this Length object.
*/
publicdouble getLength() {
return length;
}
/**
* Set the length of this Length object.
*
* @param length
* length in the units of this object
*/
publicvoid setLength(double length) {
this.length = length;
}
/**
* Compare this Length object to the other one.
*/
publicint compareTo(Length other) {
if((this.toMeters() - other.toMeters()) < 0)
return -1;
elseif((this.toMeters() - other.toMeters()) > 0)
return 1;
return 0;
}
/**
* @return a String that includes the class name, the length, and the unit.
*/
public String toString() {
returnthis.getClass() + \": \" + getLength() + \" \" + getUnit();
}
}
package length;
publicclass Meter extends Length{
/**
* Parameterized constructor
* @param length
*/
public Meter(double length) {
super(length);
}
@Override
publicvoid add(Length other) {
setLength(other.toMeters() + getLength());
}
@Override
public String getUnit() {
if(getLength() == 1.0)
return \"meter\";
else
return \"meters\";
}
@Override
publicdouble toMeters() {
return getLength();
}
}
package length;
publicclass Inch extends Length {
/**
* 1 inch = 0.0254 meters
*/
publicstaticfinaldoubleMETERS_PER_INCH = 0.0254;
/**
* Parameterized constructor
* @param length
*/
public Inch(double length) {
super(length);
}
@Override
publicvoid add(Length other) {
double otherToInch = other.toMeters() / METERS_PER_INCH;
setLength(otherToInch + getLength());
}
@Override
public String getUnit() {
if(getLength() == 1.0)
return \"inch\";
else
return \"inches\";
}
@Override
publicdouble toMeters() {
return (getLength() * METERS_PER_INCH);
}
}
package length;
publicclass Foot extends Length {
/**
* 1 foot = 0.3048 meters
*/
publicstaticfinaldoubleMETERS_PER_FOOT = 0.3048;
/**
* Parameterized constructor
* @param length
*/
public Foot(double length) {
super(length);
}
@Override
publicvoid add(Length other) {
double otherToFoot = other.toMeters() / METERS_PER_FOOT;
setLength(otherToFoot + getLength());
}
@Override
public String getUnit() {
if(getLength() == 1.0)
return \"foot\";
else
return \"feet\";
}
@Override
publicdouble toMeters() {
return (getLength() * METERS_PER_FOOT);
}
}
package length;
publicclass Yard extends Length.
Name used on OSIName Used in TCPIP networksLayer 1(Physical)L.pdfanupamselection
Name used on OSI
Name Used in TCP/IP networks
Layer 1(Physical)
Layer 1(Host-to-Network)
Layer 2 (Data link)
Layer 1(Host-to-Network)
Layer 3 (Network)
Layer 2 (Internet)
Layer 4 (Transport)
Layer 3 (Transport)
Layer 5 (Session)
Layer 4 (Application)
The following should be interpreted as the view of the transmitter.
OSI Name
Layer1
Layer2
Layer 3
Layer 4
Layer 5
SAP provided by Layer (n-1) to Layer n
2 - 1
3 - 2
4 - 3
5 - 4
6 - 5
Protocol Data Unit emitted by layer n to Layer n-1
Bits
Frames
Packets
Segments
Message
Service Access Point is an interface between two layers.
Name used on OSI
Name Used in TCP/IP networks
Layer 1(Physical)
Layer 1(Host-to-Network)
Layer 2 (Data link)
Layer 1(Host-to-Network)
Layer 3 (Network)
Layer 2 (Internet)
Layer 4 (Transport)
Layer 3 (Transport)
Layer 5 (Session)
Layer 4 (Application)
Solution
Name used on OSI
Name Used in TCP/IP networks
Layer 1(Physical)
Layer 1(Host-to-Network)
Layer 2 (Data link)
Layer 1(Host-to-Network)
Layer 3 (Network)
Layer 2 (Internet)
Layer 4 (Transport)
Layer 3 (Transport)
Layer 5 (Session)
Layer 4 (Application)
The following should be interpreted as the view of the transmitter.
OSI Name
Layer1
Layer2
Layer 3
Layer 4
Layer 5
SAP provided by Layer (n-1) to Layer n
2 - 1
3 - 2
4 - 3
5 - 4
6 - 5
Protocol Data Unit emitted by layer n to Layer n-1
Bits
Frames
Packets
Segments
Message
Service Access Point is an interface between two layers.
Name used on OSI
Name Used in TCP/IP networks
Layer 1(Physical)
Layer 1(Host-to-Network)
Layer 2 (Data link)
Layer 1(Host-to-Network)
Layer 3 (Network)
Layer 2 (Internet)
Layer 4 (Transport)
Layer 3 (Transport)
Layer 5 (Session)
Layer 4 (Application).
Lab1.javaimport java.util.Scanner;package public class Lab1 .pdfanupamselection
Lab1.java
import java.util.Scanner;//package
public class Lab1 {//main class
public static void main(String[] args) {//main method
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int number,i,numbersuplied;//instance variables
Scanner keyboard= new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Please enter an number\");
numbersuplied= keyboard.nextInt();//key board inputting
//logic for next prime
for(number=numbersuplied+1;;number++)
{
for(i=2;i
Solution
Lab1.java
import java.util.Scanner;//package
public class Lab1 {//main class
public static void main(String[] args) {//main method
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int number,i,numbersuplied;//instance variables
Scanner keyboard= new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Please enter an number\");
numbersuplied= keyboard.nextInt();//key board inputting
//logic for next prime
for(number=numbersuplied+1;;number++)
{
for(i=2;i.
Interest coverage=EBITinterest expensewhich is equal to=(40020.pdfanupamselection
Interest coverage=EBIT/interest expense
which is equal to
=(400/200)
which is equal to
=2.
Solution
Interest coverage=EBIT/interest expense
which is equal to
=(400/200)
which is equal to
=2..
In this module, you will learn some basics about operating in Object.pdfanupamselection
In this module, you will learn some basics about operating in Object mode. This is normally the
initial mode that Blender is in when you open a new document; it is the mode where you operate
on whole objects, rather than on their parts.
Many of the conventions involving selection and manipulation of objects or parts of objects
apply to other modes as well, so this is a good place to start getting familiar with these
conventions.
Blender-2.5 mode menu.png
Cube selected in Object mode.
Open a new document, and confirm that you are in Object mode by checking the mode menu.
Select the default cube by clicking on it with RMB . You will see it framed in an orange outline.
Object Origin[edit]
When you select an object, you will notice a round dot appears, normally in the middle of the
object, the same orangey-yellow as the rest of the selection.
This is the object’s origin, and it is the reference point for the object’s local coordinate system.
Certain kinds of edits to the object can cause this origin to end up at a position well outside the
object, in which case operations like transformations applied with reference to the origin may
end up not behaving as you expect. But Blender has capabilities to deal with this, which will be
explained when you need them.
Multiple Selections[edit]
You can select more than one object at a time. With the cube still selected, change your view
until you can see both it and the default lamp; select the latter by clicking on it with SHIFT +
RMB , so both it and the cube are selected. You will notice that the lamp takes on the orangey-
yellow colour, but the cube now has a more reddish highlight.
The active object is the last one selected; other objects can be part of the selection, but the
reddish-orange highlight indicates that they are not active. The Properties window shows
properties for the active object, not for the entire selection, while operations in the 3D view like
moving and deleting objects will affect the entire selection. Some operations (like parenting,
which you will learn about later) set up a special relationship between the active object and the
rest of the selection, so for these the order of selection of objects becomes important.
You can remove the active object from the selection with SHIFT + RMB ; the little spot
indicating the origin of the object’s geometry stays highlighted in the yellow-orange colour, even
though the rest of the object loses the selection highlight. If you do this to an inactive object, it
will make that object active.
Pressing CTRL + I inverts the selection—it deselects what was previously selected, and selects
everything else instead. It does not change the active object.
Selecting Obscured Objects[edit]
If multiple objects lie under the mouse, you can choose which one to select by clicking ALT +
RMB : this will bring up a menu listing the names of the objects, and you can choose from this
menu which one to select.
Alternatively, you can add an object to the current sel.
When comparing the R groups of these to amino aci.pdfanupamselection
When comparing the R groups of these to amino acids, isoleucine has a non polar
tail, which would hinder the solubility in water of the molecule because it can\'t Hydrogen bond
with water molecules. Arginine, however, has three strongly electrophilic N atoms which each
will be able to Hydrogen bond with the Hydrogen atoms of several water molecules, thus
increasing the solubility.
Solution
When comparing the R groups of these to amino acids, isoleucine has a non polar
tail, which would hinder the solubility in water of the molecule because it can\'t Hydrogen bond
with water molecules. Arginine, however, has three strongly electrophilic N atoms which each
will be able to Hydrogen bond with the Hydrogen atoms of several water molecules, thus
increasing the solubility..
Malonic Acid Water Soluble Methyl Alcohol Solu.pdfanupamselection
Malonic Acid Water: Soluble Methyl Alcohol: Soluble Hexane: Insoluble Malonic
Acid has OH and so does methanol and water. Biphenyl Water: insoluble Methyl Alcohol:
inoluble Hexane: soluble Nonpolar with no functional group. Hexane is nonpolar. Like
dissolves like
Solution
Malonic Acid Water: Soluble Methyl Alcohol: Soluble Hexane: Insoluble Malonic
Acid has OH and so does methanol and water. Biphenyl Water: insoluble Methyl Alcohol:
inoluble Hexane: soluble Nonpolar with no functional group. Hexane is nonpolar. Like
dissolves like.
It is true that ionization energy is required to .pdfanupamselection
It is true that ionization energy is required to ionize the metal /non metal atoms. But
at the same time due to gain of electrons energy is released ; [electron affinity] There is net
release of energy .
Solution
It is true that ionization energy is required to ionize the metal /non metal atoms. But
at the same time due to gain of electrons energy is released ; [electron affinity] There is net
release of energy ..
Ionic compounds form when the electronegativity d.pdfanupamselection
Ionic compounds form when the electronegativity difference between two elements
is so great, the metal \"takes\" the non-metal\'s electron. In general, metals have a low
electronegativity while non-metals have a high electronegativity, and the periodic trend shows
that electronegativity decreases down and left from Fluorine. Two examples of ionic compounds
are Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Potassium Bromide (KBr).
Solution
Ionic compounds form when the electronegativity difference between two elements
is so great, the metal \"takes\" the non-metal\'s electron. In general, metals have a low
electronegativity while non-metals have a high electronegativity, and the periodic trend shows
that electronegativity decreases down and left from Fluorine. Two examples of ionic compounds
are Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Potassium Bromide (KBr)..
If R is reflexive, then xRy means yRx; but then, .pdfanupamselection
If R is reflexive, then xRy means yRx; but then, this means that xRy which is true,
so x(R^2)y is the same as xRy and applying R twice shows R^2 is also reflexive.
Solution
If R is reflexive, then xRy means yRx; but then, this means that xRy which is true,
so x(R^2)y is the same as xRy and applying R twice shows R^2 is also reflexive..
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the e.pdf
1. 1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the earth, accounting for about
95% of all animal species. They have been around for millions of years and occupy just about
every kind of habitat you can think of. Mnay invertebrates are useful to man like bees which give
honey.silk worms which give silk, some are used as food and some are considered as pests
responsible for destroying crops. Sampling invertebrates rquires standard protocols as these
creatures are quite delicate and need to be handled carefully.
2. Qualitative sampling enables researchers to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon
they are studying. They identify the presence or absence.
Quantitative sampling gives us the number / amount of substance we are studying
Semi quantitative sampling shows the amount of substance relative to the threshold.
4. Ontogenetic shift is the space an individul needs as it gets older. This is related to the
distribution of individuals juveniles have clustered arrangement, random arrangement when they
grow and regular arrangement when they are adults.
6. Quantitative assessment of diet.
Assessing current intake. -
24-hour recalls
estimated food records
·weighed food records.
Assessing past intake -
dietary history
food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ).
Solution
1. Invertebrates are just about the most abundant creatures on the earth, accounting for about
95% of all animal species. They have been around for millions of years and occupy just about
every kind of habitat you can think of. Mnay invertebrates are useful to man like bees which give
honey.silk worms which give silk, some are used as food and some are considered as pests
responsible for destroying crops. Sampling invertebrates rquires standard protocols as these
creatures are quite delicate and need to be handled carefully.
2. Qualitative sampling enables researchers to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon
they are studying. They identify the presence or absence.
Quantitative sampling gives us the number / amount of substance we are studying
Semi quantitative sampling shows the amount of substance relative to the threshold.
2. 4. Ontogenetic shift is the space an individul needs as it gets older. This is related to the
distribution of individuals juveniles have clustered arrangement, random arrangement when they
grow and regular arrangement when they are adults.
6. Quantitative assessment of diet.
Assessing current intake. -
24-hour recalls
estimated food records
·weighed food records.
Assessing past intake -
dietary history
food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ).
