This document discusses tracheostomy, including:
1) Tracheostomy refers to creating an opening in the trachea, while tracheotomy refers to incising the trachea.
2) Tracheostomy is commonly performed to facilitate prolonged ventilation or provide airway access during head/neck cancer surgery.
3) The procedure involves incising the skin and strap muscles of the neck to access the trachea, through which an opening is made and a tracheostomy tube inserted. Counseling the patient and family on risks is important.
This document provides information on tracheostomies including definitions, functions, indications, types of procedures, techniques, care, complications and emergency airway management. A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening in the trachea to allow breathing when the oral airway is compromised. It can be an alternative breathing pathway, protect the airways, allow suctioning of secretions, and enable positive pressure ventilation. Indications include respiratory obstruction, retained secretions, and respiratory insufficiency. Types include emergency, elective, permanent, and percutaneous tracheostomies. The technique, care, complications, and procedures for managing acute airway obstruction are described in detail.
Tracheostomy has been performed since ancient times to relieve airway obstruction. The first documented successful tracheostomy was performed in the 15th century by Brasovala. Tracheostomies are now used to provide an alternative airway, remove secretions, assist ventilation, and protect the airway during procedures involving the mouth or larynx. The procedure involves making an incision in the trachea and inserting a tracheostomy tube. Care must be taken when performing tracheostomies in children due to the small size of the trachea. Complications can occur during or after the procedure such as bleeding, tube displacement or blockage, and long term issues like stenosis.
Tracheostomy a life saving emergency proceduremaleka afroz
Dr. Maleka Afroz discusses tracheostomy, listing its indications such as bypassing airway obstruction from larynx cancer or for tracheobronchial toiletting in acute laryngotrachealbronchitis. Tracheostomy may also be used to protect the tracheobronchial area in unconscious patients, for patients on ventilators in the ICU, or for those with respiratory insufficiency from COPD. It can be done as a temporary procedure prior to head/neck surgery or permanently prior to total laryngectomy. The document outlines the different types of tracheostomy as emergency, elective or permanent and reviews causes for airway obstruction. Steps for the tracheostomy operation are
A 50-year-old female patient was admitted to the ICU with a spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage and underwent a tracheostomy after 7 days. After 4 days, the outer part of the tracheostomy tube became longer for no apparent reason. The patient then developed surgical emphysema, hypoxia, and arrested despite attempts at reintubation. The resident was unable to explain what happened to the tracheostomy tube.
This document provides information on various ENT surgical procedures including laryngotomy, tracheostomy, and tracheal stenosis management. It describes the steps for performing an emergency laryngotomy to open the airway through the cricothyroid membrane. For tracheostomy, it outlines the elective procedure including patient positioning, incision placement below the cricoid cartilage, separating the infrahyoid muscles, and inserting and securing a tracheostomy tube. It also discusses special considerations for pediatric tracheostomy. Tracheal stenosis management techniques include distal tracheal intubation, jet ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and cardiopulmonary bypass.
This document discusses tracheostomy and cricothyroidotomy procedures. Tracheostomy involves making an opening in the trachea and converting it to a stoma on the skin surface. It provides an alternative airway and allows for secretion removal. Indications include respiratory obstruction or insufficiency. Cricothyroidotomy is an emergency procedure done when other intubation methods have failed or are too risky, such as in cases of severe facial injuries. It involves making an incision through the cricothyroid membrane to access the trachea. Both procedures require careful technique and have risks of complications if not performed correctly.
The document provides information about tracheostomy including anatomy, procedure, indications, complications and post-operative care. It describes the trachea's cartilaginous structure, relations, and layers. Surgical and percutaneous tracheostomy procedures are outlined in detail including positioning, incision, dilation, tube insertion and securing. Indications include airway bypass, bronchial toilet and ventilation. Complications can be intraoperative or postoperative. Tracheostomy tube care and decannulation criteria and process are also summarized.
This document provides information on tracheostomies including definitions, functions, indications, types of procedures, techniques, care, complications and emergency airway management. A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening in the trachea to allow breathing when the oral airway is compromised. It can be an alternative breathing pathway, protect the airways, allow suctioning of secretions, and enable positive pressure ventilation. Indications include respiratory obstruction, retained secretions, and respiratory insufficiency. Types include emergency, elective, permanent, and percutaneous tracheostomies. The technique, care, complications, and procedures for managing acute airway obstruction are described in detail.
Tracheostomy has been performed since ancient times to relieve airway obstruction. The first documented successful tracheostomy was performed in the 15th century by Brasovala. Tracheostomies are now used to provide an alternative airway, remove secretions, assist ventilation, and protect the airway during procedures involving the mouth or larynx. The procedure involves making an incision in the trachea and inserting a tracheostomy tube. Care must be taken when performing tracheostomies in children due to the small size of the trachea. Complications can occur during or after the procedure such as bleeding, tube displacement or blockage, and long term issues like stenosis.
Tracheostomy a life saving emergency proceduremaleka afroz
Dr. Maleka Afroz discusses tracheostomy, listing its indications such as bypassing airway obstruction from larynx cancer or for tracheobronchial toiletting in acute laryngotrachealbronchitis. Tracheostomy may also be used to protect the tracheobronchial area in unconscious patients, for patients on ventilators in the ICU, or for those with respiratory insufficiency from COPD. It can be done as a temporary procedure prior to head/neck surgery or permanently prior to total laryngectomy. The document outlines the different types of tracheostomy as emergency, elective or permanent and reviews causes for airway obstruction. Steps for the tracheostomy operation are
A 50-year-old female patient was admitted to the ICU with a spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage and underwent a tracheostomy after 7 days. After 4 days, the outer part of the tracheostomy tube became longer for no apparent reason. The patient then developed surgical emphysema, hypoxia, and arrested despite attempts at reintubation. The resident was unable to explain what happened to the tracheostomy tube.
This document provides information on various ENT surgical procedures including laryngotomy, tracheostomy, and tracheal stenosis management. It describes the steps for performing an emergency laryngotomy to open the airway through the cricothyroid membrane. For tracheostomy, it outlines the elective procedure including patient positioning, incision placement below the cricoid cartilage, separating the infrahyoid muscles, and inserting and securing a tracheostomy tube. It also discusses special considerations for pediatric tracheostomy. Tracheal stenosis management techniques include distal tracheal intubation, jet ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and cardiopulmonary bypass.
This document discusses tracheostomy and cricothyroidotomy procedures. Tracheostomy involves making an opening in the trachea and converting it to a stoma on the skin surface. It provides an alternative airway and allows for secretion removal. Indications include respiratory obstruction or insufficiency. Cricothyroidotomy is an emergency procedure done when other intubation methods have failed or are too risky, such as in cases of severe facial injuries. It involves making an incision through the cricothyroid membrane to access the trachea. Both procedures require careful technique and have risks of complications if not performed correctly.
The document provides information about tracheostomy including anatomy, procedure, indications, complications and post-operative care. It describes the trachea's cartilaginous structure, relations, and layers. Surgical and percutaneous tracheostomy procedures are outlined in detail including positioning, incision, dilation, tube insertion and securing. Indications include airway bypass, bronchial toilet and ventilation. Complications can be intraoperative or postoperative. Tracheostomy tube care and decannulation criteria and process are also summarized.
The document discusses tracheostomy, including:
1. Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea to serve as an airway.
2. Complications include tracheal stenosis, swallowing difficulty, voice changes, breathing issues, and hemorrhage.
3. Post-op care involves having a spare tube available, communicating with patients and caregivers, and determining decannulation based on cough strength.
The document provides information on the history, indications, anatomy, procedures, tube types, and complications of tracheostomy.
TRACHEOSTOMY IN FULL DETAILS......
TRACHEOSTOMY, EMERGENCY TRACHEOSTOMY, SECURE AIRWAY, PERCUTANEOUS TRACHEOSTOMY, HISTORY OF TRACHEOSTOMY, PROCEDURES, GIGGS TECHNIQUE,VARIOUS TYPES OF TRACHEOSTOMY, TRACHEOSTOMA, DECANNULATION, INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY, MINITRACHEOSTOMY, TRACHEOSTOMY TUBES, COMPLICATIONS OF TRACHEOSTOMY.
1) Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to create an opening into the trachea through the neck. It allows direct access to the breathing tube and is used when a patient requires long-term ventilation or airway clearance.
2) The procedure involves making an incision through the neck, separating the strap muscles, and opening the trachea between the second and fourth tracheal rings. A tracheostomy tube is then inserted.
3) Complications can include bleeding, tube displacement or obstruction, and long-term issues like stenosis. Proper care is needed to suction and change the tube to prevent complications and allow for recovery.
Percutaneous tracheostomy by Saja ALdulaijanMaher AlQuaimi
Percutaneous tracheostomy is a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed at the bedside to insert a tracheostomy tube. It involves using dilators of increasing size to gradually widen the incision and insert the tracheostomy tube. The Ciaglia and Griggs techniques are two common methods that use dilators over a guidewire to perform the procedure. Percutaneous tracheostomy has advantages over open surgical tracheostomy as it does not require transferring the patient to the operating room and has lower risks of complications like infection and stenosis. Proper patient positioning, identification of anatomical landmarks, and use of bronchoscopy are important for successful placement of the tracheostomy tube.
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening in the trachea to allow for breathing when the mouth or nose cannot be used. It involves making an incision through the neck and inserting a tracheostomy tube. The procedure has a long history dating back to ancient Egypt and India. Modern tracheostomies can be performed as emergencies or electively, and tubes can be temporary or permanent depending on the condition. Complications include bleeding, infection, and damage to nearby structures like blood vessels or the esophagus. Ongoing care is required to clean and change tubes as needed.
Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea through the neck. It is commonly performed to bypass upper airway obstructions or to facilitate prolonged mechanical ventilation. Potential indications for tracheostomy include prolonged intubation, neurological impairment putting one at risk for aspiration, and obstructive sleep apnea. Complications can include bleeding, infection, tube dislodgement, and tracheal stenosis. Care of the tracheostomy involves tube changes, suctioning, humidification, and assessing readiness for decannulation.
A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening into the trachea (windpipe) through which a tube is inserted to allow breathing. It may be needed to relieve upper airway obstruction or to provide assisted ventilation. Complications can include bleeding, infection, tracheal stenosis, and difficulty removing the tube. Careful surgical technique and post-op management are important to prevent complications.
The document summarizes tracheostomy and the tracheostomy procedure. Tracheostomy creates an artificial opening into the trachea. The procedure was first described in the 12th century and the currently used technique was developed by Dr. Chevalier Jackson in the 20th century. The procedure involves making a vertical or transverse incision in the neck, dividing strap muscles, incising the trachea to form an opening, inserting a tracheostomy tube, and securing it. Tracheostomy can be performed as an emergency, electively, or permanently depending on the clinical scenario and patient's condition.
Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea to allow direct access to the breathing tube. It is one of the oldest surgical procedures, dating back to the 15th century. Tracheostomies can be temporary or permanent depending on the clinical situation and underlying condition. Potential complications include bleeding, infection, and damage to nearby structures like the thyroid cartilage. Care after tracheostomy involves dressing changes, tube changes or decannulation as appropriate for the patient's recovery.
Surgical management of the failed airway a guide to percutaneous cricothyrotomyEmergency Live
Surgical Management Of the Failed Airway: A guide to precutaneous cricothyrotomy
Guidelines from Hoan E. Spiegel, MD
Assistant Professor
Beth Israel Ddeaconess Medical Center
Harvard medical School Boston, MS
Vipul Shah, MD
Western Washington Medical Group
Everett, Washington
The first-known mention of an attempted surgical airway, a tracheostomy, was depicted on Egyptian tablets as early as 3600 BCE. History has condemned the emergent surgical airway when it has failed, but when successful, the physicians who performed it have risen in esteem to become "on a footing with the gods".
Il 100 BCE, the Persian physician Asclepiades described in detail a tracheal incision for improving the airway. Yet most who advocated surgical approaches to the airway, including Asclepiades, were severely criticized. Vicq d'Azyr, a French surgeon and anatomist, first described cricothyrotomy in 1805. Emergent cricothyroidotomy /also known as cricothyrotomy, minitracheostomy, and high tracheostomy) became widely acknowledged and accepted in 1976 when Brantigan and Grow confirmed the relative safety of the procedure. A decade later, the Seldinger technique, a wire-over-needle procedure commonly used for intra-vascular cannulation, was adapted for use in obtaining both emergent and nonemergent surgical airways.
This document summarizes the tracheostomy procedure. It is performed to provide a more secure airway for patients who require prolonged intubation or have upper airway obstruction or neurological disorders requiring a secure airway. The procedure involves making an incision through the neck and trachea to insert a tracheostomy tube. Potential complications include bleeding, infection, tube dislodgement, and injury to nearby structures like the esophagus or recurrent laryngeal nerve. The tube is later downsized or removed once the original indication is resolved and the patient can tolerate capping of the tracheostomy site.
TRACHEOSTOMY is a surgical procedure to maintain a patent airway to the person who is in airway distress or electively in certain surgical procedures like oncological resections to maintain an adequate oxygenation to the patient by creating a stoma on the trachea
This document discusses tracheotomy, including its history, indications, contraindications, and complications. Tracheotomy is an operative procedure that creates a surgical airway in the cervical trachea and is often performed in patients who have difficulty weaning off ventilators or who have suffered trauma or neurological insult. Indications include inability to intubate or manage secretions, while contraindications include anticipation that an airway blockage is cancerous. Percutaneous tracheostomy is preferred for many patients but open tracheostomy may be necessary in cases of obesity, coagulopathy or abnormal neck anatomy. Complications can be prevented through careful dissection and avoiding injury to surrounding structures like nerves and blood vessels.
This document discusses tracheostomy, which is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea. It describes the anatomy of the trachea and indications for tracheostomy including upper airway obstruction, pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary toilet, and elective procedures. The document outlines different types of tracheostomy procedures and their techniques, as well as potential complications. It also discusses problems that can occur with tracheostomy care and home care plans.
tracheostomy is important surgery in emergency and icu patient so this presentation is very good opportunity to gain informative ideas about this surgery
Tracheostomy (postop care & complications)Dr.Ajay Jain
This document discusses the post-operative management of patients who have undergone a tracheostomy procedure. It outlines the need for constant supervision in the post-op ward and proper care of the tracheostomy tube. Mobilizing secretions is important through adequate hydration, physical mobility exercises, and suctioning. Tube care includes cleaning the inner cannula daily and changing tubes as needed. Potential early, intermediate, and late complications of tracheostomies are also reviewed. Patient and caregiver education on home tracheostomy care is emphasized before discharge.
Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to create an opening into the trachea through the neck. It has evolved from a feared procedure to a commonly performed one for various airway issues and respiratory conditions. The document describes the history, indications, types of tracheostomy tubes used, procedure steps, potential complications and advantages/disadvantages. A tracheostomy aims to relieve upper airway obstruction and facilitate respiratory management but requires long term care and has risks of complications if not performed correctly.
The document discusses tracheostomy, which is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the windpipe. It has several indications including airway obstruction. A tracheostomy tube consists of an outer cannula, inner cannula, and obturator. Emergency tracheostomies are performed when a person cannot breathe, while nonemergency tracheostomies can be upper, middle, or lower on the trachea. Procedures involve anesthesia, incision, tube insertion, and closing. Complications can be intraoperative like bleeding or late like infection. High risk groups include children, smokers, and the elderly. Postoperative care includes antibiotics and cleaning the tube.
Tracheostomy complications pediatric by Aditya Rana mbbs adityarana242502
This document discusses tracheostomy, including complications, postoperative care, and pediatric tracheostomy. Immediate complications of tracheostomy include hemorrhage, apnea, air embolism, aspiration of blood, pneumothorax, injury to recurrent laryngeal nerves, and injury to the esophagus. Intermediate complications include bleeding, displacement of the tube, blocking of the tube, subcutaneous emphysema, tracheitis, atelectasis, and lung abscess. Late complications include hemorrhage, laryngeal stenosis, tracheal stenosis, tracheo-esophageal fistula, and problems with decannulation. Postoperative care includes supervision, suctioning, preventing crusting, caring for the
Tracheostomy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This study evaluated transferring the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve (BMBMCN) to repair injuries to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. Anatomical dissections in 50 cadavers found the BMBMCN originates a mean of 13.18 cm above the Hunter's line and could be used for nerve transfer. The technique was tested successfully in 6 cadavers. It was then used clinically in 6 patients with lower trunk injuries, who showed improved finger flexion and strength after 12 months. The study demonstrates the anatomical feasibility and promising clinical outcomes of using the BMBMCN to reconstruct finger flexion for lower trunk brachial plexus injuries.
This document provides an overview of brachial plexus injury, including:
1) The anatomy of the brachial plexus is described, including its roots, trunks, divisions, cords and branches.
2) The etiology, mechanisms, and classifications of brachial plexus injuries according to Seddon and Sunderland are summarized.
3) The clinical features of brachial plexus injuries are outlined, including locations of injury, neurological examination findings, and associated deformities.
4) Common investigative tools for brachial plexus injuries like EMG, NCV, and SEP are mentioned.
The document discusses tracheostomy, including:
1. Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea to serve as an airway.
2. Complications include tracheal stenosis, swallowing difficulty, voice changes, breathing issues, and hemorrhage.
3. Post-op care involves having a spare tube available, communicating with patients and caregivers, and determining decannulation based on cough strength.
The document provides information on the history, indications, anatomy, procedures, tube types, and complications of tracheostomy.
TRACHEOSTOMY IN FULL DETAILS......
TRACHEOSTOMY, EMERGENCY TRACHEOSTOMY, SECURE AIRWAY, PERCUTANEOUS TRACHEOSTOMY, HISTORY OF TRACHEOSTOMY, PROCEDURES, GIGGS TECHNIQUE,VARIOUS TYPES OF TRACHEOSTOMY, TRACHEOSTOMA, DECANNULATION, INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY, MINITRACHEOSTOMY, TRACHEOSTOMY TUBES, COMPLICATIONS OF TRACHEOSTOMY.
1) Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to create an opening into the trachea through the neck. It allows direct access to the breathing tube and is used when a patient requires long-term ventilation or airway clearance.
2) The procedure involves making an incision through the neck, separating the strap muscles, and opening the trachea between the second and fourth tracheal rings. A tracheostomy tube is then inserted.
3) Complications can include bleeding, tube displacement or obstruction, and long-term issues like stenosis. Proper care is needed to suction and change the tube to prevent complications and allow for recovery.
Percutaneous tracheostomy by Saja ALdulaijanMaher AlQuaimi
Percutaneous tracheostomy is a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed at the bedside to insert a tracheostomy tube. It involves using dilators of increasing size to gradually widen the incision and insert the tracheostomy tube. The Ciaglia and Griggs techniques are two common methods that use dilators over a guidewire to perform the procedure. Percutaneous tracheostomy has advantages over open surgical tracheostomy as it does not require transferring the patient to the operating room and has lower risks of complications like infection and stenosis. Proper patient positioning, identification of anatomical landmarks, and use of bronchoscopy are important for successful placement of the tracheostomy tube.
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening in the trachea to allow for breathing when the mouth or nose cannot be used. It involves making an incision through the neck and inserting a tracheostomy tube. The procedure has a long history dating back to ancient Egypt and India. Modern tracheostomies can be performed as emergencies or electively, and tubes can be temporary or permanent depending on the condition. Complications include bleeding, infection, and damage to nearby structures like blood vessels or the esophagus. Ongoing care is required to clean and change tubes as needed.
Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea through the neck. It is commonly performed to bypass upper airway obstructions or to facilitate prolonged mechanical ventilation. Potential indications for tracheostomy include prolonged intubation, neurological impairment putting one at risk for aspiration, and obstructive sleep apnea. Complications can include bleeding, infection, tube dislodgement, and tracheal stenosis. Care of the tracheostomy involves tube changes, suctioning, humidification, and assessing readiness for decannulation.
A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening into the trachea (windpipe) through which a tube is inserted to allow breathing. It may be needed to relieve upper airway obstruction or to provide assisted ventilation. Complications can include bleeding, infection, tracheal stenosis, and difficulty removing the tube. Careful surgical technique and post-op management are important to prevent complications.
The document summarizes tracheostomy and the tracheostomy procedure. Tracheostomy creates an artificial opening into the trachea. The procedure was first described in the 12th century and the currently used technique was developed by Dr. Chevalier Jackson in the 20th century. The procedure involves making a vertical or transverse incision in the neck, dividing strap muscles, incising the trachea to form an opening, inserting a tracheostomy tube, and securing it. Tracheostomy can be performed as an emergency, electively, or permanently depending on the clinical scenario and patient's condition.
Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea to allow direct access to the breathing tube. It is one of the oldest surgical procedures, dating back to the 15th century. Tracheostomies can be temporary or permanent depending on the clinical situation and underlying condition. Potential complications include bleeding, infection, and damage to nearby structures like the thyroid cartilage. Care after tracheostomy involves dressing changes, tube changes or decannulation as appropriate for the patient's recovery.
Surgical management of the failed airway a guide to percutaneous cricothyrotomyEmergency Live
Surgical Management Of the Failed Airway: A guide to precutaneous cricothyrotomy
Guidelines from Hoan E. Spiegel, MD
Assistant Professor
Beth Israel Ddeaconess Medical Center
Harvard medical School Boston, MS
Vipul Shah, MD
Western Washington Medical Group
Everett, Washington
The first-known mention of an attempted surgical airway, a tracheostomy, was depicted on Egyptian tablets as early as 3600 BCE. History has condemned the emergent surgical airway when it has failed, but when successful, the physicians who performed it have risen in esteem to become "on a footing with the gods".
Il 100 BCE, the Persian physician Asclepiades described in detail a tracheal incision for improving the airway. Yet most who advocated surgical approaches to the airway, including Asclepiades, were severely criticized. Vicq d'Azyr, a French surgeon and anatomist, first described cricothyrotomy in 1805. Emergent cricothyroidotomy /also known as cricothyrotomy, minitracheostomy, and high tracheostomy) became widely acknowledged and accepted in 1976 when Brantigan and Grow confirmed the relative safety of the procedure. A decade later, the Seldinger technique, a wire-over-needle procedure commonly used for intra-vascular cannulation, was adapted for use in obtaining both emergent and nonemergent surgical airways.
This document summarizes the tracheostomy procedure. It is performed to provide a more secure airway for patients who require prolonged intubation or have upper airway obstruction or neurological disorders requiring a secure airway. The procedure involves making an incision through the neck and trachea to insert a tracheostomy tube. Potential complications include bleeding, infection, tube dislodgement, and injury to nearby structures like the esophagus or recurrent laryngeal nerve. The tube is later downsized or removed once the original indication is resolved and the patient can tolerate capping of the tracheostomy site.
TRACHEOSTOMY is a surgical procedure to maintain a patent airway to the person who is in airway distress or electively in certain surgical procedures like oncological resections to maintain an adequate oxygenation to the patient by creating a stoma on the trachea
This document discusses tracheotomy, including its history, indications, contraindications, and complications. Tracheotomy is an operative procedure that creates a surgical airway in the cervical trachea and is often performed in patients who have difficulty weaning off ventilators or who have suffered trauma or neurological insult. Indications include inability to intubate or manage secretions, while contraindications include anticipation that an airway blockage is cancerous. Percutaneous tracheostomy is preferred for many patients but open tracheostomy may be necessary in cases of obesity, coagulopathy or abnormal neck anatomy. Complications can be prevented through careful dissection and avoiding injury to surrounding structures like nerves and blood vessels.
This document discusses tracheostomy, which is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea. It describes the anatomy of the trachea and indications for tracheostomy including upper airway obstruction, pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary toilet, and elective procedures. The document outlines different types of tracheostomy procedures and their techniques, as well as potential complications. It also discusses problems that can occur with tracheostomy care and home care plans.
tracheostomy is important surgery in emergency and icu patient so this presentation is very good opportunity to gain informative ideas about this surgery
Tracheostomy (postop care & complications)Dr.Ajay Jain
This document discusses the post-operative management of patients who have undergone a tracheostomy procedure. It outlines the need for constant supervision in the post-op ward and proper care of the tracheostomy tube. Mobilizing secretions is important through adequate hydration, physical mobility exercises, and suctioning. Tube care includes cleaning the inner cannula daily and changing tubes as needed. Potential early, intermediate, and late complications of tracheostomies are also reviewed. Patient and caregiver education on home tracheostomy care is emphasized before discharge.
Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to create an opening into the trachea through the neck. It has evolved from a feared procedure to a commonly performed one for various airway issues and respiratory conditions. The document describes the history, indications, types of tracheostomy tubes used, procedure steps, potential complications and advantages/disadvantages. A tracheostomy aims to relieve upper airway obstruction and facilitate respiratory management but requires long term care and has risks of complications if not performed correctly.
The document discusses tracheostomy, which is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the windpipe. It has several indications including airway obstruction. A tracheostomy tube consists of an outer cannula, inner cannula, and obturator. Emergency tracheostomies are performed when a person cannot breathe, while nonemergency tracheostomies can be upper, middle, or lower on the trachea. Procedures involve anesthesia, incision, tube insertion, and closing. Complications can be intraoperative like bleeding or late like infection. High risk groups include children, smokers, and the elderly. Postoperative care includes antibiotics and cleaning the tube.
Tracheostomy complications pediatric by Aditya Rana mbbs adityarana242502
This document discusses tracheostomy, including complications, postoperative care, and pediatric tracheostomy. Immediate complications of tracheostomy include hemorrhage, apnea, air embolism, aspiration of blood, pneumothorax, injury to recurrent laryngeal nerves, and injury to the esophagus. Intermediate complications include bleeding, displacement of the tube, blocking of the tube, subcutaneous emphysema, tracheitis, atelectasis, and lung abscess. Late complications include hemorrhage, laryngeal stenosis, tracheal stenosis, tracheo-esophageal fistula, and problems with decannulation. Postoperative care includes supervision, suctioning, preventing crusting, caring for the
Tracheostomy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This study evaluated transferring the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve (BMBMCN) to repair injuries to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. Anatomical dissections in 50 cadavers found the BMBMCN originates a mean of 13.18 cm above the Hunter's line and could be used for nerve transfer. The technique was tested successfully in 6 cadavers. It was then used clinically in 6 patients with lower trunk injuries, who showed improved finger flexion and strength after 12 months. The study demonstrates the anatomical feasibility and promising clinical outcomes of using the BMBMCN to reconstruct finger flexion for lower trunk brachial plexus injuries.
This document provides an overview of brachial plexus injury, including:
1) The anatomy of the brachial plexus is described, including its roots, trunks, divisions, cords and branches.
2) The etiology, mechanisms, and classifications of brachial plexus injuries according to Seddon and Sunderland are summarized.
3) The clinical features of brachial plexus injuries are outlined, including locations of injury, neurological examination findings, and associated deformities.
4) Common investigative tools for brachial plexus injuries like EMG, NCV, and SEP are mentioned.
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originates from the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerve roots and provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb. It has five roots, three trunks, divisions, cords and branches. The roots emerge from the spinal nerves C5-T1. The cords are named lateral, posterior, and medial based on their relationship to the axillary artery. The plexus gives rise to many branches that innervate specific muscles and skin areas of the upper limb. Variations commonly occur in the formation of the lateral cord. Injuries can happen at the level of the roots, cords or branches and cause different functional deficits depending on the location and extent of injury
This document discusses brachial plexus injuries, including:
- The brachial plexus is formed from spinal nerve roots C5-T1 and provides motor/sensory function to the shoulder, arm, and hand.
- Injuries can be classified as upper (C5-C6) or lower (C8-T1) plexus injuries and can result from traction, blows, or compression.
- Evaluation involves imaging, electrodiagnostic tests, and assessing individual nerve deficits.
- Management depends on if the injury is open or closed. Exploration and repair may be done for open injuries, while closed injuries may recover on their own or later require exploration.
-
Brachial plexus injuries can occur in both children during birth due to shoulder dystocia and in adults due to high-energy trauma. Examination of brachial plexus injuries involves assessing muscle strength, sensation, and reflexes to determine the level and severity of injury. Treatment may include physical therapy, nerve grafts, nerve transfers, or tendon transfers depending on the specific nature of the injury.
This document discusses the anatomy, types of injuries, clinical presentation, investigations and classification of brachial plexus injuries.
It describes the formation of the brachial plexus from the cervical nerve roots and its divisions. Injuries can be preganglionic or postganglionic, and include traction injuries, avulsions or lacerations. Clinical exam focuses on assessing motor and sensory deficits. Investigations include imaging like MRI/CT, myelography and EMG/NCV to localize the lesion. Seddon's classification is used to describe the severity of injury.
This document discusses techniques for pulmonary resection surgery. It covers:
- Patient positioning in the lateral decubitus position to allow access for posterior thoracotomy incisions.
- Isolating the lung to be resected using a double-lumen endotracheal tube for single lung ventilation during hilar dissection.
- Completing systematic inspection and palpation of the lung before dividing structures and removing the specimen to check for abnormalities.
The document provides information on surgical procedures for the oral cavity, including preoperative evaluation and planning, operative techniques, and postoperative care. Key points include:
- Wide surgical margins of 1-2 cm are needed to adequately treat oral cavity cancers. Reconstruction aims to close defects primarily when possible to maintain tongue mobility, sensation, and oral competence.
- For anterior glossectomy, either orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation may be used depending on the approach and resection extent. A tracheostomy is recommended for significant postoperative swelling risk.
- Anterior glossectomy exposure is achieved transorally or through a lip-splitting mandibulotomy incision. Re
Acs0209 Thyroid And Parathyroid Operationsmedbookonline
1) The document describes the steps for performing a thyroidectomy, including incision and skin flap elevation, midline dissection and strap muscle mobilization, division of the isthmus, mobilization of the thyroid gland and identification of the upper parathyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve, and identification of the lower parathyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve.
2) Key steps are incising 1 cm below the cricoid cartilage, dissecting in the semilunar plane, dividing the middle thyroid veins for exposure, and carefully identifying and preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands during mobilization of the thyroid gland.
3) Proper patient preparation including e
This document provides information about tracheostomy including:
- A brief history and current uses of the procedure
- Indications and contraindications
- Anatomy of the trachea
- Surgical steps for performing an open tracheostomy
- Types of tracheostomy tubes and their uses
- Post-operative care considerations
The document serves as an educational guide for performing tracheostomies and tracheostomy tube selection and management.
The document discusses the rectus abdominis flap, which is used in reconstructive surgery. It has reliable blood supply from the deep inferior and superior epigastric arteries. The flap can be harvested as a muscle flap, myocutaneous flap with skin island, or perforator flap. It has advantages like reliable anatomy and versatile design, and disadvantages like potential abdominal wall weakening. Preoperative planning includes assessing vascular supply and flap design involves anatomical landmarks. The flap can be harvested or modified in different ways and has applications in breast and other reconstructive procedures.
A Tracheostomy is a medical procedure either temporary or permanent that involves creating an opening in the neck in order to place a tube into a person's windpipe.
MICROVASCULAR FLAPS FOR RECONSTRUCTION IN ORAL CANCER.pptxDEBRAJ SAMANTA
1. Free flaps involve physically detaching tissue from its native blood supply and reattaching it to recipient vessels elsewhere to reconstruct complex defects.
2. Microvascular free tissue transfer was introduced in the 1970s and revolutionized reconstructive surgery by greatly expanding reconstructive possibilities.
3. Preoperative evaluation carefully assesses patient and flap factors like vascular status and donor site morbidity to select the optimal flap.
1. The document discusses the approach to chest wall tumors and reconstruction following resection. It covers anatomy, diagnosis, classification, surgical planning and considerations, resection techniques, and reconstruction options for both bone and soft tissue.
2. Resection aims to remove the tumor with adequate margins while reconstruction seeks to replace the chest wall rigidity and restore respiratory mechanics.
3. Reconstruction methods include mesh, plates, and flaps to repair bone and muscle flaps, skin grafts, or free flaps to replace soft tissue. The goal is to protect underlying structures and allow for pulmonary function.
A total maxillectomy is used to surgically remove tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that have extended into the maxilla. The procedure involves making incisions around the lip and cheek to expose the maxilla. The infraorbital nerve is divided, and the orbital rim and maxilla are cut with osteotomes or drills to remove the entire maxillary bone. Significant bleeding from the internal maxillary artery requires packing. The maxillary defect can be reconstructed immediately with a local flap or free tissue transfer to separate the oral and nasal cavities and restore function. Complications can arise due to the proximity of vital structures like the orbit and brain.
The subtemporal approach provides access to lesions of the middle fossa floor, anterior basal cisterns, upper clivus, and lateral thalamic regions. It involves a subtemporal craniotomy just above the zygomatic root to access the middle fossa floor. The temporal lobe is retracted extradurally or intradurally after identifying the vein of Labbe. Indications include temporal lobe tumors, midbrain tumors, and skull base lesions such as meningiomas. Care must be taken to preserve venous structures like the vein of Labbe to avoid temporal lobe infarction.
1) Parotidectomy involves surgically removing all or part of the parotid gland located in front of and below the ear.
2) The procedure begins by making incisions and developing skin flaps to expose the gland. The facial nerve is then identified, either at its main trunk or branches.
3) Dissection then proceeds along the plane of the facial nerve to remove portions of the gland while preserving the nerve branches. Hemostasis is achieved and any duct divisions are managed. Deep lobe tumors require additional care near the nerve.
The document discusses injuries to the neck from blunt or penetrating trauma. For emergency airway compromise, cricothyrotomy is performed. Nonemergency airway issues are addressed with tracheotomy. Isolated laryngeal injuries are treated with tracheotomy and deferred repair. Large penetrating injuries are assessed based on location and potential injury to carotid arteries, jugular veins, pharynx or esophagus. These areas are explored using a sternocleidomastoid incision. Specific treatments are outlined for various injury types and locations in the neck.
Minimal access surgery (MAS) a new surgical and
interventional approach, was called by different name and
one of the popular is minimally invasive surgery. However,
unique complications are associated with gaining access
to the abdomen for laparoscopic surgery. The technique
of first entry inside the human body with telescope and
instruments is called access technique. The hallmark of the
new approaches is the reduction in the trauma of access.
The technique for access to the peritoneal cavity, choice of
access technique, placement locations, and port placement
is very important in MAS. Technique of access is different for
different minimal access surgical procedures. Thoracoscopy,
retroperitoneoscopy, axilloscopy, and arthroscopy all have
different ways of access. In this chapter, we will discuss
various abdominal access techniques.
It is important to know that approximately 20% of
laparoscopic complications are caused at the time of initial
access. Developing access skill is one of the important
achievements for the surgeon practicing MAS. First entry or
access in laparoscopy is of two types: (1) closed access and
(2) open access.
World's Most Popular Hands-On Laparoscopic Training Instituteraja766604
World Laparoscopy Hospital is a well-known and highly respected international training center for laparoscopic surgery. It offers a comprehensive laparoscopic surgery training course for general surgeons, gynecologists, and urologists. The training program is designed to provide both basic and advanced theoretical and practical experience to the candidates.
The laparoscopic surgery training course at World Laparoscopy Hospital is completely candidate-centered, with an emphasis on practical laparoscopic surgical problems encountered while operating on patients. The training takes place within an ultramodern laparoscopic HD wet operating room, followed by live exposure of live laparoscopic surgery in the operation theater with expert consultants.
The laparoscopic training program is affiliated with a Government-recognized university, and upon completion of the course, candidates receive a Laparoscopic Fellowship and Diploma Certificate issued by a UGC recognized university and the World Association of Laparoscopic Surgeons.
https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/SERV01.HTM
Minimal access surgery (MAS) a new surgical and interventional approach, was called by different name and one of the popular is minimally invasive surgery. However,unique complications are associated.
Endoscopic Transnasal transsphenoid pituitary Surgery (Erbil).pptxahmedmhoder
Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoid pituitary surgery involves a multidisciplinary team of otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons. The otolaryngologist performs the initial steps including a sphenoidotomy to access the sphenoid sinus and resection of the anterior sphenoid wall to expose the sella turcica. Then, the neurosurgeon resects the pituitary tumor. If needed, a nasoseptal flap can be harvested and rotated to repair any cerebrospinal fluid leaks during tumor removal. Post-operatively, patients are monitored for healing and complications. Careful preoperative planning including CT, MRI and nasal endoscopy is required due to anatomical variability and proximity to critical structures like
Chest wall defects and their reconstructionVivek Gs
This document discusses chest wall anatomy, functions, and various defects that can occur. It covers the history of chest wall reconstruction and describes defects that can result from trauma, tumors, infections, radiation, and congenital causes. For each type of defect, the document outlines treatment approaches such as debridement, skeletal reconstruction, flap coverage, and correction of congenital defects. Key reconstruction methods mentioned include muscle flaps, omentum, methylmethacrylate sandwiched between mesh, and transposition of regional flaps.
This case series analyzes 25 patients with tracheal stenosis treated between 2011-2021. Most patients were younger than 25 years old and the stenosis was caused by intubation in 23 cases. Surgical techniques included tracheal resection and anastomosis. Outcomes were successful in 23 cases, with only 2 cases experiencing restenosis. The conclusion emphasizes that tracheal resection and reconstruction can successfully treat stenosis when performed by experienced surgeons, with careful attention to anatomy and tension-relieving sutures for wound healing.
This document describes the technique of right axillary thoracotomy for transatrial repair of various congenital heart defects. The right axillary incision avoids breast tissue and allows for faster recovery compared to other thoracic incisions. Initially used for atrial septal defect closure, the approach was expanded to repairs like ventricular septal defects, partial atrioventricular canal, and cor triatriatum through left and right atrial incisions. The technique provides reproducible, high quality repairs with reduced morbidity through shorter hospital stays and faster return to function.
Acs0522 procedures for benign and malignant biliary tract disease-2005medbookonline
This document discusses procedures for benign and malignant biliary tract diseases. It provides guidance on preoperative evaluation and management of biliary obstruction. Specific considerations are given to infection, renal dysfunction, impaired immunity, malnutrition, and coagulation issues. The document outlines operative planning details such as patient positioning, exposure techniques, and guidelines for biliary anastomoses including suture placement and techniques for difficult access situations.
This document discusses the anatomy and surgical procedure of splenectomy. It describes:
- The spleen's highly variable arterial blood supply, which can take bundled or distributed patterns. This variability impacts the difficulty of surgery.
- The splenic artery typically branches off the celiac axis but can originate from other nearby arteries in rare cases.
- Additional branches of the splenic artery before it enters the spleen, including short gastric and pancreatic arteries.
- A history of splenectomy beginning in the 16th century and its increasing use through the 20th century for trauma and hematologic disorders.
- The development of laparoscopic splenectomy in the early 1990s and ongoing refinement of minim
Gastrostomy is commonly used as a temporary procedure to avoid discomfort from prolonged nasogastric suction after major abdominal surgery. It can also be used permanently when the esophagus is obstructed to nonresectable cancer. The Stamm gastrostomy is most common temporary procedure where a catheter is placed through the stomach wall and anchored to the skin. The Janeway gastrostomy is a permanent alternative where a flap of stomach is brought through the abdominal wall and attached to form a mucosal lined tube to prevent regurgitation. Postoperative care involves gradual advancement to oral intake as the stomach heals and functions return to normal.
This document describes the Billroth I gastric resection procedure, which involves removing part of the stomach and reattaching it to the duodenum. Key steps include transecting the stomach, attaching it to the duodenum using a circular stapler, and closing the gastrotomy site. The procedure aims to control peptic ulcers by combining hemigastrectomy with vagotomy while restoring normal gastrointestinal continuity. Postoperative care focuses on gradual advancement of oral intake and monitoring for complications.
This document describes the Billroth I procedure for gastroduodenostomy. It involves extensive mobilization of the stomach and duodenum to allow for an end-to-end anastomosis between the stomach and duodenum, restoring normal continuity of the gastrointestinal tract. The stomach is divided and sutured closed, then sutured to the duodenum in layers to create the gastroduodenal connection. Postoperative care focuses on gradual advancement of diet and monitoring for gastric retention to support healing and prevent complications.
Gastrostomy is commonly used as a temporary procedure to avoid discomfort from prolonged nasogastric suction after major abdominal surgery. It can also be used permanently when the esophagus is obstructed to nonresectable cancer. The Stamm gastrostomy is most common temporary procedure where a catheter is placed through the stomach wall and anchored to prevent leakage. The Janeway gastrostomy is a permanent alternative where a flap of stomach is brought through the abdominal wall and lined with mucosa to form a permanent opening, preventing regurgitation. Postoperative care involves gradual advancement to oral intake as the stomach and bowel recover function.
Gastrojejunostomy is a surgical procedure that connects the stomach directly to the jejunum. It is indicated for patients with duodenal ulcers complicated by pyloric obstruction or nonresectable stomach or pancreatic cancers causing obstruction. The procedure involves opening the stomach and jejunum, suturing them together to form a stoma, then closing in multiple layers. Postoperatively, gastric emptying is monitored and diet advanced gradually to ensure proper healing.
This document provides guidance on treating a perforated ulcer or subphrenic abscess. It describes:
1) Preparing patients preoperatively by administering IV fluids/antibiotics and gastric suction.
2) Closing perforations by suturing the ulcer and reinforcing it with omentum, or sealing it if too indurated.
3) Draining subphrenic abscesses extraperitoneally by making incisions below the costal margin or through the 12th rib bed and inserting drains into the abscess cavity.
A C S0103 Perioperative Considerations For Anesthesiamedbookonline
This document discusses perioperative considerations for anesthesia. It notes advancements in modern surgical care and alterations in anesthetic management to maximize patient benefit. A preoperative evaluation is important to assess medical history and current medications. Certain medications may need to be adjusted or discontinued before surgery, such as MAOIs, oral anticoagulants, and some herbal supplements, to reduce risks of adverse reactions or bleeding complications during the procedure. The risks and options for anesthesia should be discussed with the patient.
A C S0105 Postoperative Management Of The Hospitalized Patientmedbookonline
This document discusses postoperative management of surgical patients. It describes the different levels of postoperative care including same-day surgery, the surgical floor, telemetry ward, and intensive care unit. Factors determining a patient's disposition include their preoperative health, procedure performed, and postoperative clinical status. The document also discusses common postoperative orders related to tubes, drains, oxygen therapy, and wound care to guide nursing staff.
Postoperative pain is a complex experience involving sensory, emotional, and mental components. Effective pain management is important for patient comfort and recovery. Guidelines for postoperative pain treatment have been developed for specific procedures. Multimodal analgesic regimens targeting multiple pathways are recommended over reliance on opioids alone to prevent tolerance and hyperalgesia. Nonpharmacological complementary therapies can be combined with drug treatments to enhance pain control.
The document discusses the approach to a patient experiencing ongoing bleeding. It outlines the following key steps:
1. First consider the possibility of a technical cause like an unligated vessel and examine for injuries.
2. If no technical cause is found, check the patient's temperature and perform laboratory tests. Hypothermia can cause coagulopathy.
3. Evaluate test results along with the patient's history for clues to underlying causes like platelet dysfunction, coagulation factor deficiencies, or inherited bleeding disorders. Treat the specific condition while continuing evaluation.
A C S0812 Brain Failure And Brain Deathmedbookonline
This document discusses brain failure and brain death. It defines different levels of impaired consciousness from cloudy consciousness to coma. It describes how brain failure results from cardiac arrest and the challenges of restarting the brain after lack of oxygen. It outlines the criteria for diagnosing brain death, including absence of brain stem reflexes and apnea testing. It also discusses the evolution of determining death as technology has allowed life support to prolong vital signs indefinitely.
This document summarizes key points about surgical treatment of early rectal cancer and care of elderly surgical patients. It discusses that radical resection for early rectal cancer achieves excellent local control but has risks, while local excision may be preferable but has a higher local recurrence rate. Adjuvant therapy after local excision may help address this. It also notes that the elderly population is growing and physiologic changes with aging, like cardiac function decline, must be considered in surgical planning and risk assessment for elderly patients. Functional status is more important than age alone.
This document provides information on parotidectomy surgery and the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) program.
It describes the technique for parotidectomy surgery, including identifying and dissecting around the facial nerve. It notes that most parotid tumors are benign and complications are usually temporary facial nerve paralysis.
It then discusses the development of the FLS program to standardize laparoscopic surgery training. The program includes cognitive training and manual skills assessment. Many residency programs and hospitals now require surgeons to complete the FLS. A large grant will help make the program more accessible to residency programs.
This document summarizes an article about volunteer surgeons providing care to wounded soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan. It discusses the senior visiting surgeon program established by the American College of Surgeons that allows surgeons to volunteer their time. The volunteer rotation described involved caring for patients at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Germany as part of the complex medical evacuation process bringing wounded soldiers from war zones to the United States for further treatment and recovery.
1. The document discusses various sources of data for benchmarking surgical outcomes, including public reporting programs, public use administrative databases, and clinical registries. It notes limitations of using administrative data including problems with accuracy, completeness, and clinical precision of coding.
2. Clinical registries like the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database are described as better sources of benchmarking data as they provide risk-adjusted outcomes while protecting individual hospital and surgeon confidentiality.
3. Limitations of all surgical benchmarking sources include small sample sizes, lack of generalizability between databases, and lack of external auditing to ensure accuracy and completeness of submitted data.
This document discusses organ procurement from cadaveric donors. It describes the coordination between donor and recipient activities, including matching organs to recipients based on factors like blood type, medical urgency, and waiting time. The evaluation of donor organs is outlined for different organs. Careful donor management aims to optimize organs while respecting donor dignity.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) is a hybrid technique that provides many of the advantages of traditional open surgery and laparoscopic colectomy. HALS employs a special access device that allows the surgeon to place a hand in the abdomen to assist with retraction, dissection, and visualization while maintaining pneumoperitoneum and laparoscopic instrumentation through trocars. Studies have shown HALS results in shorter operative times and lower conversion rates to open surgery compared to traditional laparoscopic colectomy while preserving similar short-term clinical outcomes. HALS may help expand the use of minimally invasive approaches for complex colectomies by providing an easier transition from open surgery than traditional laparoscopic techniques.
The document summarizes the evolution of trauma surgery training and practice in the United States. It discusses how trauma surgery originated in large city hospitals but has since expanded to regional trauma centers. It also notes changes in surgical training away from generalist models towards increased specialization. Trauma surgery is increasingly encompassing broader emergency general surgery duties due to workforce shortages, while training programs emphasize specialized rather than broad skills.