ACOUSTICS AND ENERGY

A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
ON ENERGY
PRESENTORS
Sadichchha Shrestha (68038)
Sandika Paudel(68041)
Sangita Thapa(68042)
Shristi Kuikel(68048)
Swornima Munankarmi(68054)
Yuna Prajapati(68055)

 Energy is the ability of a system to do work.
 Can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be
transferred from one form to another.
 Work and heat are two processes that can transfer a
given amount of energy.
ENERGY-INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF ENERGY
RENEWABLE
 SOLAR ENERGY
 WIND ENERGY
 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 BIOMASS ENERGY
 HYDRO ENERGY
 NUCLEAR ENERGY
NON RENEWABLE
 FOSSIL FUEL
 NATURAL GAS
 OIL
 COAL

 SOLAR ENERGY
 Derived from sun – the ultimate and
perpetual source
 Solar energy can be tapped for water
heating, cooking, lighting etc. with the help
of solar cell and solar panels.
 It may not be useful when there are no long
solar hours.
RENEWABLE ENERGY TYPES

 WIND ENERGY
 uses the kinetic energy of moving air
to turn large blades of turbine to
generate electrical energy that can
be delivered to a main power grid.
 Wind turbines usually sited on high
hills and mountain ridges to take
advantage of prevailing winds.
 Wind turbines cannot work if there is no wind, or if wind speed
so high it would damage them.

 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 Uses the heat inside the crust of
earth .
 water is sent deeper into the
ground through network of the
tubes to get heated up and be
converted into steam to turn
turbines for electricity.
 It can bring toxic chemicals
beneath the earth surface onto
the top and can create
environmental changes.
 More successful in active or geologically young volcano areas as they
tend to have more fault lines, and shallow tectonics plates which allow
more heat from the deep underground to get to the surface.

 BIOMASS ENERGY
 Comes from the things that were once
alive as solar energy is trapped within
them as chemical energy.
 Widely utilized sources of energy due its
low cost and indigenosity.
 Biomass can be converted into energy by
burning,, decomposition and fermentation.

 HYDRO POWER
 Largest renewable energy source
obtained from water kinetics.
 Although it doesn’t create pollution
it can possibly harm fish and wild life,
displace people and alter the quality
of water.
 It has high initial cost.
 In this method water from rivers, lake etc. is stored high up in
dams .when the store water falls , the gravitational potential
energy is released which rotates the turbine blades and
electricity is produced.

 NUCLEAR ENERGY
 Generate heat and electricity through exothermic
nuclear processes using uranium.
 Since it consumes a limited natural resource
technically it it’s not renewable. However, with fuel
reprocessing and other newer technologies the fuel is
practically inexhaustible.
 It is said to be sustainable and low carbon energy
resource.
 But nuclear accidents and radioactive waste can
contaminate air, water and soil and take decades to
clean up.

COMPARISON – RENEWABLE &
NON RENEWABLE
RENEWABLE ENERGY
 Abundant in quantity
 Low carbon emissions
 High initial cost but economic in
long run
 Creation of energy independency
and job opportunities
 Tax incentives for people and
businesses who go green
NON RENEWABLE ENERGY
 Limited in quantity
 Emission of CO2, CO and
greenhouse gases
 Price soaring day by day due to
limited stock
 Imported from third country
misbalancing fuel economy
 Easy availability and easy to use
and transport

 Due to high carbon fuel world is
facing problem of pollution,
severe health diseases, global
warming and ozone depletion.
 Economic growth of developing
countries is hindered due to
“energy poverty”
WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO
• The demand for energy will increase
in future due to increase in population.

 Non renewable fuel crisis and
environmental degradation will
lead to increased use of
renewable energy sources.
 Carbon capture, utilization and
storage will have to given
importance through low
carbon sources
 Energy trillema will have to be
achieved through energy
security, energy equity and
environmental sustainability.
WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO

 Through small hydropower projects that don't require big
rivers and investment and do not have to be connected to
national power grid.
 Promoting use of solar energy through solar panels, solar cells,
solar cookers etc.
 Promoting wind energy in high rural areas like Mustang,
Manang where wind is obvious and solar rays are at low angle.
 Promoting controlled use of biomass through concept of
community forestry.
 Promoting biogas plant as rural areas have agricultural
economy
RURAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN
NEPAL

RURAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN
NEPAL

 TROMBE WALL
 A Trombe wall is a masonry
or concrete wall covered
externally with a glass skin
creating an air space assisting
indirect solar gain.
 When short wave sunlight
enters through the glass it
converts to long wave which
cannot reflect back through
glass and hence trapped in
the air space.
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION

 For a 16" thick Trombe wall
acting as thermal storage, heat
will take about 8 to 10 hours to
reach the interior leaving room
comfortable at day and warm at
night.
 Operable air vents van be used
to heat air inside & also allow the
occupants control over
instantaneous heating.
 Comfortable heating,
maintenance free, simple and
economical construction but
wall become heat loss source
during extended overcast day

 ROOF POND SYSTEM
 A body of water located in the
roof as storage mass, protected
and controlled by exterior
movable insulation.
 For both summer cooling and
winter heating.
 A large volume of exposed water,
with the major living and sleeping
spaces directly beneath is required
for effectiveness.

 Sufficient structure to support
a considerable load.
 Not effective for heating at
high latitudes as the Sun is at
too low an angle to effectively
heat the water.

 SOLAR GREEN HOUSE/SUN SPACES:
 Similar as trombe wall, except space
between the glass and wall has been
widened into usable space
 Usable living space that act as buffer
zone between outside and primary
space
 Relatively complex design to
integrate optimum thermal and
architectural effect

 EARTH AIR TUNNEL SYSTEM (EAT):
 EAT utilizes heat storing capacity of
earth which can be used to provide
both cooling and heating
 Long pipes are buried underground
with one end connected to the
house and other end to outside
 Hot exterior air is drawn and it gives
up some heat to soil at depth of 4m
below
 The cooled air is then introduced into
the house

 WIND TOWER:
 Traditional architectural element >>>
as passive cooling device
 Catches the prevailing wind and
directs it to the living spaces >>> wind
catchers are also used with
underground water cannels
 Inlet of catchers should have shutter
to regulate air movement to protect
against too cold or too hot air
 Can also be equipped with
evaporative cooling means >>>
porous water jugs, moist matting and
wet charcoal

 ROOF GARDEN:
 Roof that is partially or completely covered with vegetation
planted over water proof membrane
 Also called Eco-roof, vegetated roof and living roof
 Two main categories >>> intensive and extensive >>>
depending upon depth of growing medium and amount of
maintenance
 Extensive green roof
generally with depth of 6”
is used

ADVANTAGES:
 Solar radiation reduction
 Reduction of dust and improvisation of micro climate
 Good sound absorbing and insulating properties
 Reduces urban heat island effect
DISADVANTAGES:
 Problem in achieving efficient water proofing, drainage
maintenance
 Heavy load added on the roof structure

 THERMAL/SOLAR CHIMNEY:
 Provides cooling using the stack effect constructed in narrow
configuration
 Basic design elements:
-Solar collector area: efficient when orientation, type glazing,
insulation and thermal properties are considered
-Main ventilation shaft: Location, cross section, height are
important
-Inlet and outlet aperture
 Painted black to absorb sun’s heat
 Advanced solar chimney can also include trombe wall for
absorbing and storing heat

NATIONAL CASE STUDY
CENTER FOR ENERGY STUDIES

 Located in pulchowk. IOE
 Energy generation equals to energy consumption throughout
the year.
 The 3 and half floors which includes CES administration offices,
classrooms, research cubicles, labs/ workshop and 4
comfortable guest rooms .
NATIONAL CASE STUDY

BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC
ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEM (BIPVES)
 Main source of energy in the CES building
is the 6.5 kW capacity of Solar PV system.
100 no. of Solar PV modules each of 65
Watt are kept as a roof on the main
entrance of the building.
 The slope of the panel is 30 degree North-
South. With the sunshine hours of 4.15
hour peak sun day, it generates electricity
of 27 kWh in a day.
NATIONAL CASE STUDY

MICRO HYDRO POWER (MHP)
PLANT
 A 3 kW capacity MHP is
constructed within the premises.
 The cross flow turbine is run using
rain water collected at the solar
pond.
 The water is pumped up to the
fore bay tank, & the water is
discharged at the turbine
through a transparent glass
turbine casing.
NATIONAL CASE STUDY
 Also the power house is well equipped to simulate the load
distribution.

SOLAR KITCHEN
 Two solar panels with small
glass mirrors installed, focus
the sun radiation to the
kitchen window. Where it
heats up the cooking vessel.
BIOGAS PLANT
 A 6m3 plant is being fed with
the kitchen waste and is
providing biogas for 1.5 hour a
day to the canteen kitchen.
NATIONAL CASE STUDY

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM
 Hot water in the building is provided
by the highly efficient Solar Hot Water
Collector made of Vacuum tube. There
is also a copper fin collector solar
water heating system.
SOLAR PASSIVE TECHNOLOGY
 The South-East facing building uses
insulation (thermocole) in between
the layers of brick walls.
 The rooms are designed for solar
passive heating provision.
NATIONAL CASE STUDY

NATIONAL CASE STUDY
SHAKYA HOUSE

 Location: Maharajgunj
 Design by Ar. Ujjwal Man Shakya for his own residence
 Ground floor >>>the architect’s studio and office
 First floor>>> living, dining and kitchen, bar area and bed room
including lap pool
 Second floor >>> bedroom and double glazed solarium space
 Solarium space>>> southern terrace with green roof,
photovoltaic panels and the wind catcher
 Third floor>>> store, solar drier, music and puja room
NATIONAL CASE STUDY
SHAKYA HOUSE

 ENERGY EFFICIENT APPROACH:
 Use of solar panels and solarium space
 Cavity wall system with internal gap of
4.5”
 Use of Dehumidifier (D.H) chamber,
with ducting system>>> two way duct
leading to the solar radiator and cool air
radiator
 Lap pool >>> for maintaining the
balance of HVAC system
 During summer season>>> natural
breeze collected in the chamber
 Two way duct used >>> one leads to
solar radiator and other to the
dehumidifier chamber
NATIONAL CASE STUDY
SHAKYA HOUSE

 Conventional air flow to the room>>> hot air rises
which is sucked into ceiling vents.
 The warm air >>> blown to the solar air heating
panel and thus blown out
 During winter season >>> for ground floor D.H.
chamber is blocked and duct blow hot air from
the solar panel >>> passed to the office through
ceiling vent.
 Ceiling vents when exhausts the warm air >>> cool air present on the surface
is sucked by the skirting vent
 The ceiling vent in the solarium >>>passed to the living room at first floor and
distributed evenly.
 To maintain the balance of hot and cool air the duct are placed between the
risers of staircase >>> circulation through staircase is not hampered.
NATIONAL CASE STUDY
SHAKYA HOUSE

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY
THE GHERKINS

 LOCATION: London, England
 Also known as “Swiss Re Building”
 ARCHITECTS: Norman Foster, Ken
Shuttleworth
 CONSTRUCTION TIME: 2001-2003
 40 storey (180m)
 Sustainable architecture, High-tech
architecture, Structural
Expressionism
 London’s first environmentally
sustainable building
THE GHERKINS

 It uses many energy conservation
methods that allow it to consume
half the amount of energy
consumed by a conventional
building
 The façade is fully glazed with
double skinned glasses >>> cooled
by the air extracted from the
offices that results in reducing the
overall heat load of the building
THE GHERKINS

 Spiraling light wells maximize
natural ventilation >>>enable the
natural light to flood the interiors
>>>reduce electricity cost of the
building
 Windows of the light wells >>> as a
supplementary to the air
conditioning system >>>save
energy up to 40 percent per year.
THE GHERKINS

 Glass of the light wells >>> gorgeous
outlook >>> also reduces the solar
gain to a maximum extent.
 The ventilated cavity >>>acts a
buffer and reduces additional
cooling and heating
 Recycled and recyclable
Materials for its construction
THE GHERKINS

 Provision of shaft >>> 6 numbers
provides natural ventilation
 During summer >>> shafts push out
the warm air from the building
 During winter>>> warms the
building using passive solar heating
 Allows the natural sunlight to
penetrate inside the building,
reducing the lighting cost.
THE GHERKINS

 Energy efficiency in today’s context can be achieved by following
ways -
 By the use of renewable energy source like solar energy,
geothermal energy etc. and
 By the help of building integrated construction technologies like
trombe wall, EAT, roof pond, sun space etc.
 By the help of passive solar architecture in terms of planning,
orientation, integration of open space and living spaces etc.
 For a building to be truly energy efficient, it’s energy efficient
character should synchronize with the form and function of the
building
CONCLUSION

ACOUSTICS AND ENERGY

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