This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 0-7. Bases, also called alkalines, produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions with a pH range of 7-14. A pH of 7 indicates a neutral substance. The goals are to determine the differences between acids and bases, discuss their importance, and perform an experiment testing the pH of various substances.

1. Acids & Bases
By Robert McGee

2. Our Goals for today
• To determine the difference
between Acids & Bases
• Discuss the importance of
studying Acids & Bases
• Perform an experiment dealing
with Acids & Bases

3. What is the pH scale?
• The pH
scale
measures
how acidic
or basic a
solution is.

4. The pH scale
• The pH scale is the concentration
of hydrogen ions in a given
substance.
[ ]
pH = − log H
+

5. Identifying Acids and Bases
• Acids have a ph from 0-7
• Lower pH value indicates a
stronger acid.
• Bases have a pH from 7-14
• Higher pH value indicates a
stronger base.

6. [OH ]
−
Definitions of Acids and Bases
• An acid is a substance that breaks
+
into [ H ] ions in an aqueous
solution.
• A Base (alkaline) is a substance
that breaks into [OH − ] ions in an
aqueous solution.
• Note: aqueous solution is any
solution where H 2 O is the
solvent.

7. Did we Miss something??
• What happens when the pH of a
substance is 7?
• Ans: A pH level of 7 indicates a
Neutral Substance i.e: Water!

8. Test Your Knowledge
• What is the range of an ACID on
the pH scale?
Ans: 0-7
• What is the range of a BASE and
what is another name for a BASE?
Ans: 7-14, Alkaline

9. Characteristics Of Acids
Acids can be characterized by:
1. A sour taste.
2. It turns blue litmus paper red
3. It tastes sour. Try drinking lemon
juice (citric acid)

10. Characteristics of Bases
A Base is characterized by:
1. A bitter taste. (Milk of Magnesia)
2. It feels slippery. (Soapy Water)
3. It turns Red Litmus Blue.

11. Why Learn about Acids & Bases?
• What do you think is the pH level
of tap water?
• The pH of a swimming pool must
be checked periodically. Why?
• Is it important for Lakes & Rivers
to maintain a certain pH?

12. Today’s Experiment
• Test the pH of Pepsi, tap water,
and drain cleaner
• GOOD LUCK!!!