ACID BASE BALANCE IN FISHES
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Fish regulate their internal pH through acid-base homeostasis, which involves balancing hydrogen ion intake and removal. The body maintains pH levels through several systems - buffers in the blood, respiration through the gills, and excretion by the kidneys. There are four types of acid-base imbalances that can occur if homeostasis is disrupted: respiratory alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis. The body aims to compensate for these imbalances through respiratory and renal mechanisms.
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Acid Base Balance In Fishes
Fish regulate their internal pH through acid-base homeostasis, which involves balancing hydrogen ion intake and removal. The body maintains pH levels through several systems - buffers in the blood, respiration through the gills, and excretion by the kidneys. There are four types of acid-base imbalances that can occur if homeostasis is disrupted: respiratory alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis. The body aims to compensate for these imbalances through respiratory and renal mechanisms.
Alkalosis in Fish
Alkalosis occurs when the pH of water becomes too basic, increasing above the level fish can tolerate. There are two types of alkalosis - metabolic, caused by losing too much acid or gaining too much base, and respiratory, caused by decreased carbon dioxide levels leading to hyperventilation. Symptoms include ragged fins, gray spots on the head, excited behavior, loss of balance, red spots under the skin, and red/brown gills. Alkalosis is prevented by controlling pH through the addition of alum or cow dung, timely water changes, and using driftwood or almond leaves.
REGULATION OF HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION IN HUMAN BODY
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS THAT HELP IN MAINTENANCE OF pH IN BODY IS EXPLAINED IN THE PRESENTATION
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The document discusses acid-base balance and regulation in the human body. It covers:
1) Chemical compounds can act as proton donors (acids) or acceptors (bases), and acids and bases react to form salts. The body maintains blood pH through buffers like bicarbonate and proteins.
2) The lungs, kidneys, buffers and liver all play roles in regulating arterial pH. The lungs excrete carbon dioxide through respiration as compensation for metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. The kidneys reclaim bicarbonate and generate new bicarbonate through secretion of hydrogen ions.
3) Disturbances to acid-base balance result in acidosis or alkalosis,
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Acid Base Balance In Fishes
Fish regulate their internal pH through acid-base homeostasis, which involves balancing hydrogen ion intake and removal. The body maintains pH levels through several systems - buffers in the blood, respiration through the gills, and excretion by the kidneys. There are four types of acid-base imbalances that can occur if homeostasis is disrupted: respiratory alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis. The body aims to compensate for these imbalances through respiratory and renal mechanisms.
Alkalosis in Fish
Alkalosis occurs when the pH of water becomes too basic, increasing above the level fish can tolerate. There are two types of alkalosis - metabolic, caused by losing too much acid or gaining too much base, and respiratory, caused by decreased carbon dioxide levels leading to hyperventilation. Symptoms include ragged fins, gray spots on the head, excited behavior, loss of balance, red spots under the skin, and red/brown gills. Alkalosis is prevented by controlling pH through the addition of alum or cow dung, timely water changes, and using driftwood or almond leaves.
REGULATION OF HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION IN HUMAN BODY
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This document discusses acid-base physiology and regulation. It provides information on:
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- Buffers like bicarbonate help dispose of excess acids produced during metabolism and maintain pH. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pH to the bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio.
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The document discusses acid-base balance and regulation in the human body. It states that the body maintains a steady balance between acids and bases through three main mechanisms: buffer systems, the respiratory system, and the renal system. People with conditions like diabetes, COPD, kidney disease, or the elderly are most at risk of acid-base imbalances. The buffer systems act quickly to neutralize acids and maintain blood pH, while the respiratory system removes carbon dioxide and the renal system filters and regulates bicarbonate and acid levels in the blood and urine to further support acid-base balance.
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The document summarizes acid-base balance and acid-base disorders. It discusses the pH levels maintained at different sites in the body under physiological conditions. It also describes the various buffer systems involved in maintaining acid-base balance, including the bicarbonate, phosphate, protein, and hemoglobin buffer systems. The roles of the respiratory and renal systems in the regulation of pH and removal of acids/bases are summarized. Factors that influence bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule are also outlined.
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The document discusses acid-base homeostasis, which involves chemical and physiological processes that maintain the acidity of body fluids at optimal levels. The chemical processes include extracellular and intracellular buffers that provide the first line of defense against acid-base disturbances. The physiological processes modulate acid-base composition through changes in cellular metabolism and the excretion of acids by the lungs and kidneys. Derangements in acid-base balance can cause acidosis or alkalosis, resulting from excess or deficits of acids or bases respectively.
Acid Base Homeostasis
The document discusses acid-base homeostasis, which involves chemical and physiological processes that maintain the acidity of body fluids at optimal levels. The chemical processes include extracellular and intracellular buffers, while the physiological processes modulate acid-base levels through changes in cellular metabolism and the excretion of acids by the lungs and kidneys. Multiple mechanisms are needed due to the importance of maintaining hydrogen ion concentrations for cellular enzymes and organ function.
Acid base balance + fluid balance
The document discusses acid-base balance and homeostasis. The bicarbonate buffering system helps maintain a constant plasma pH by buffering hydrogen ions. When the blood gains excess hydrogen ions (acidosis), the equilibrium shifts to produce more carbon dioxide, minimizing increased acidity. Respiratory compensation also helps by altering breathing to modify carbon dioxide levels in circulation.
Acid base lecture (shortened)
The document discusses acid-base balance and regulation in the human body. It defines normal blood pH as 7.35-7.45 and describes how the respiratory and renal systems work to regulate pH levels and compensate for acidosis or alkalosis. The respiratory system regulates pH by increasing or decreasing respiration to eliminate or retain carbon dioxide, while the renal system regulates pH by reabsorbing or secreting bicarbonate and hydrogen ions to compensate for acid-base imbalances.
Acid base balance
physiology,
acid base balance
acid base homeostasis
acid base regulation in the body
acid base regulation
Acid base balance
Acid base balance
Acid base disorder in body
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Patterns Associated with AB Disorders
Arterial Blood Gases ------------(sami).ppt
This document discusses acid-base balance and blood gases. It begins by defining key terms like acids, bases, buffers, and explaining how the body regulates pH. It then explains how to analyze an arterial blood gas reading by assessing the pH, PCO2, HCO3, and other values. Finally, it discusses how to classify and treat different acid-base imbalances like respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, and mixed disorders.
Acid base balance heraa
1) The document discusses acid-base balance and homeostasis, explaining key concepts such as pH, buffers, and the importance of tightly regulating hydrogen ion concentration.
2) It describes the major systems that regulate acid-base balance - respiratory (lungs), renal (kidneys), and buffers. The lungs and kidneys help eliminate or retain bicarbonate and titrate hydrogen ions to maintain normal pH.
3) Even slight deviations from the normal pH range can impact cell function, enzyme activity, and other physiological processes since hydrogen ions are highly reactive. Tight control is needed to support life.
Acid Base Balance and Primary Disturbances - basic concepts
basic concepts in acid-base physiology and pathophysiology. For basic science students in medical and allied health sciences
ACID BASE BALANCE.ppt
This document discusses acid-base balance in the human body. It defines key terms like acid, base, pH, and acid-base balance. The body maintains acid-base homeostasis through buffering systems, respiratory compensation of arterial CO2 levels, and renal regulation of bicarbonate excretion. Disruptions can cause respiratory acidosis from inadequate ventilation or metabolic acidosis from an excess of fixed acids. Compensation mechanisms aim to return pH to normal ranges.
What are the factors that contribute to H+ gain or loss How do lung.pdf
What are the factors that contribute to H+ gain or loss? How do lungs and the kidneys balance or
regulate the changes in pH?
Solution
Answer=
Factors that contribute to loss or gain of H ions are=
CO2 concentration
O2 concentration
bicarbonate concentration in urine
The lungs regulate the changes in PH = Acid base imbalances in the bloods pH can be altered by
changes in breathing to expel ,ore CO2 & raise the pH back to normal
Hydrogen ions are carried in the blood along with oxygen & carbon dioxide
60 % CO2 is carried as a dissolved bicarbonate
A small amount of CO2 is carried on Haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin which is
transported to the lungs for removal
Acid base imbalances that overcome the buffer system can be compensated in the short term by
changing the rate of ventilation
When pH of blood drops too low ,the body compensates by increasing breathing to expel more
CO2 & during alkalemia the inspiration occurs
Regulation of pH by kidneys =
kidneys have 2 important roles in maintaining the acid -base balance
1]They reabsorb bicarbonate from urine
2] they excrete hydrogen ions into urine
The major homeostatic control point for maintaining a stable pH balance is renal excretion
Bicarbonate does not have transporter ,so its reabsorption involves a series of reactions in the
tubule lumen & tubular epithelium .
In response tyo acidosis the tubular cells reabsorb more bicarbonate from the tubular fluid ,& the
collecting cells secrete more hydrogen & generate more bicarbonate
In response to alkalosis ,the kidneys may excrete more bicarbonate by decreasing Hydrogen ion
secretion from tubular epithelial cells ,& lowering the rates of glutamine metabolism &
ammonium excretion.
lecture7acidbasebalance-180702011803.pdf
The document discusses acid-base balance in the human body. It states that acid-base balance is important for homeostasis and physiological functions. Acids are constantly produced during metabolism but are balanced by base production to maintain pH. The body regulates acid-base status through buffer systems, respiration, and the kidneys. Disturbances can cause acidosis or alkalosis, which are classified as respiratory or metabolic based on their underlying causes.
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