This document discusses linguistic concepts related to clause structure and analysis. It defines key terms like clause, group, phrase and their subclasses. It explains the relationship between clauses in a clause complex through taxis (parataxis and hypotaxis) and logico-semantic relations (expansion and projection). Expansion includes elaboration, extension and enhancement. Projection involves reporting or quoting content. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts and poses questions to check understanding.

1. In the name of Allah Most Merciful Most Beneficent

2. Above the Clause: Clause complex & Below the clause

9. Example Thing Classifier Epithet2 Epithet1 Numerative Deictic trains electric old splendid two those

10. Items functioning as Specific Deictic Whose(ever) ……………… [which person’s] My your our His her its Their One’s ............................................. [John’s ] [my father’s] etc Possessive Which(ever) What (ever) This that These those the Demonstrative Interrogative Determinative

11. Items functioning as non-specific deictic Some Any unrestricted some Two not one One either a(n) One Partial selective non- selective No (not any) Both all Each Every neither (not either) Total positive negative unmarked Non-singular Dual mass/plural Singular

12. Items functioning as Numerative Preceding subsequent etc First second third etc Next last Ordinative Few little[a bit of ] etc Several[ a number of ] Many much[ a lot of ] Fewer less more [The same amount of ] One two three etc [a couple of] etc [a quarter of] etc Quantative Indefinite definite

15. Head and Thing [look at] those two Head α Modifier β Numerative Deictic

17. Example ate Finite/Event

18. Couln’t have been going to be being eaten Event auxiliary auxiliary auxiliary auxiliary auxiliary finite

27. Flow of Events

30. Hypotatic Relation Who was an ear,nose and throat specialist. apart from visiting his sister in York once a month. when you sit there in your rocking chair that there was no possiblity of a new lease. They spoke to Dr Liu, The man rarely left the village I can do my best things He explained Dependent ( β ) Dominant( α )

49. Thank You