Substance abuse has become a major problem in any growing society, the pattern of consumption of medical and non-medical use of drugs by preadolescents, adolescents and young adults, is both complex and changing. It’s mainly due to adventurous and risk-taking behaviours, acceptable to peers, curiosity to acquaint oneself with the ecstatic experiences or due to an inner urge to avoid frustrations and boredom. Substance abuse during secondary schools, colleges and universities is a serious problem in society. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge on effects of substance abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents by evaluating the effectiveness of video assisted teaching module and to find out the association between the pre test level of knowledge on effects of substance abuse on health among adolescence with selected demographic variables. A quasi-experimental pre and post test design without control group with experimental approach was undertaken for this study. 70 adolescence students were selected by purposive sampling and data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire, it was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result shows highly significant difference between pre and post test knowledge scores and no significant association between the pre test scores when compared
to the demographic variables of adolescence. The researcher concluded that video assisted teaching program was effective in providing the knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aero...iosrjce
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic
individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest
number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million)
in second and third place respectively. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from 171
million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India..In addition to this, the complications
associated with diabetes is also in the higher rate .
4
The Management of diabetes is most critical part, Lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, physical
activity like aerobic exercise, some major drugs of diabetes management, insulin therapy, foot care of diabetes
and annual screening. Most of the patients are economically poor. So the researcher found that aerobic exercise
is economical and have lot of health benefits on diabetic patients.
Aim: The aim of study is to check the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise and
practice to maintain blood glucose level among diabetes.
Methodology: The research approach adopted for the present study is an Quantitative research approach and
the design adopted was quasi experimental design. The setting for the study was Crescent Hospital,
Alathur .Palakkad, Kerala. The sample size of the present study was 50, simple random sampling technique was
used to select samples.
Finding: The pre test and post mean value of blood glucose among experimental and control group was
173.2,149.96 &153.16 ,148.92 .The pre test and post mean score of knowledge on practice among
experimental and control group was 11.4,15.08 and 11.04,11.68 .In experimental group the obtained ‘t’value
for the blood glucose was 2.347 and obtained ‘t’value knowledge on practice was 8.742 .The demographic
variables had no association with the post blood glucose value . Conclusion: The present study result shows
the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise in reduction of blood glucose level
among diabetes.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aero...iosrjce
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic
individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest
number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million)
in second and third place respectively. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from 171
million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India..In addition to this, the complications
associated with diabetes is also in the higher rate .
4
The Management of diabetes is most critical part, Lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, physical
activity like aerobic exercise, some major drugs of diabetes management, insulin therapy, foot care of diabetes
and annual screening. Most of the patients are economically poor. So the researcher found that aerobic exercise
is economical and have lot of health benefits on diabetic patients.
Aim: The aim of study is to check the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise and
practice to maintain blood glucose level among diabetes.
Methodology: The research approach adopted for the present study is an Quantitative research approach and
the design adopted was quasi experimental design. The setting for the study was Crescent Hospital,
Alathur .Palakkad, Kerala. The sample size of the present study was 50, simple random sampling technique was
used to select samples.
Finding: The pre test and post mean value of blood glucose among experimental and control group was
173.2,149.96 &153.16 ,148.92 .The pre test and post mean score of knowledge on practice among
experimental and control group was 11.4,15.08 and 11.04,11.68 .In experimental group the obtained ‘t’value
for the blood glucose was 2.347 and obtained ‘t’value knowledge on practice was 8.742 .The demographic
variables had no association with the post blood glucose value . Conclusion: The present study result shows
the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise in reduction of blood glucose level
among diabetes.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
—Reproductive health development depends on the menstrual hygiene in adolescence. Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start during adolescence. Drug, alcohol and tobacco use is major concern in this group. The present study was conducted to study the reproductive health, mental health and various addictions in urban adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted among 506 adolescents from standard 9 th and 10 th in a high school in Margao city of South Goa district in year 2015. Study participants were sampled by census method and interviewed by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The mean age of study participants i.e. in girls it was 16.30 years & in boys it was observed 16.43 years. 85.4% of the study participants experienced one of the feelings of being anxious, sad, irritable or stressed, 74.4% of the study participants experienced feelings suggestive of psychosomatic disorder and 48.4% participants felt they were good for nothing. 58.1% had normal cycles of 21-35 days while 30.7% and 11.2% of the girls had cycles of < 21 days & 36-60 days respectively. 49.2% experienced mild symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, equal percentage experienced moderate symptoms and 1.6% experienced severe dysmenorrhoea. 40.4% had curdy white vaginal discharge, 5.5% had greenish yellow discharge and 19.8% had blood stained vaginal discharge. 5.5% of the adolescents smoked.1.2% of the participants chewed Gutkha. 26.5% had consumed alcohol & 3.8% had tried drugs. The study shows that adolescents face various problems which need to be addressed.
Assessment of Physical Activity Level in Adults with Intellectual Disabilitie...Remedypublications1
Beside health benefits, the impact of physical activity on individuals with intellectual disabilities is
evident in all the spheres of life, such as psychological, social and cognitive development. The goal of
this research was to examine the physical activity level in persons with intellectual disabilities, who
are users of habilitation programs.
Thirty-six parents of persons with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. An appropriate
sample was used in referential centre's and associations caring for persons with intellectual
disabilities older than 21 years of age. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire
(IPAQ) to evaluate the physical activity and Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) for quality of life.
The results show that the total level of physical activity in persons with intellectual disabilities,
evaluated by their parents and expressed through MET-minutes/week, is high (M=3434.7). No
differences were found with regard to gender and the intellectual disability category. Quality of life
estimated by the parents was positively correlated with the inclusion of persons with intellectual
disabilities into a physical activity.
This study gives insight in the physical activity level of persons with intellectual disabilities and
implicates the importance of their inclusion in various centre's for rehabilitation and occupational
activities.
Prevalence of and Socio-Demographic Factors Related with Overweightsajjalp
The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and to describe the socio-demographic factors
related with overweight. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at women’s college Kathmandu, Nepal from January to April
2019 using a convenient sampling technique to select the subjects. The study was conducted among 202 female students aged 18
to 23 years with the self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises questions on socio-demographic factors
related to the weight status. The height and weight of subjects were self-reported to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and to
group them into overweight, normal weight, and underweight according to the guidelines of the world health organization. The
prevalence rate of overweight among the female students was 12.9% (CI: 8.4 – 17.8, p<0.05). The average BMI for overweight
students is 26.4 ± 0.973 kg/m2 with 95% confidence interval: 26- 26.79, p < 0.05. Most of the students are conscious about their
health. The socio-demographic factors behind overweight among the female students were physical inactivity, unhealthy food
consumption pattern, and moderate average family monthly income
Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Osun State (2)iosrjce
The study compared the dietary intake and nutritional status of the elderly attending geriatric day
care centres and those who did not in Ile-Ife and Imesi-Ile both in Ife-Ijesasenatorial district of Osun State. It
was aimed at examining the relationships between income, acute diseases and food intake on dietary intake and
nutritional status of the elderly people. A total of four hundred and eighteen elderly respondents were recruited
for the study through a snow balling sampling technique. One hundred and thirty two elderly attending geriatric
day care centres were recruited as study group and 318 who do not attend any of the centres were recruited as
control group. Data was collected by using a twenty-item questionnaire adapted from Nestle Mini Nutritional
Assessment (MNA) scale.
Findings revealed that more (9.1%) of the respondents in the study group were undernourished, and 25.9% of
the respondents in the same group were overweight. There was no significant difference in the nutritional status
of respondents from both groups (X2=2.25, p= >0.05). This study concluded that attendance of geriatric day
care centres and income conferred no added benefit on the nutritional status and dietary pattern of the elderly.
Abstract
During the lifespan, there are multiple factors influence the longevity including genotype, metabolism, physiology, sociodemographic and environmental factors, nutritional and lifestyle habits. Nutrition during the life time has an effect on the health status. Dietary indexes, certain dietary patterns and dietary guidelines have been used for analysing dietary pattern and life expectancy relationship in many studies. Dietary pattern has an important effect on longevity. The cohort study results indicate that diet quality and Medittarenean diet have potential effects on longevity. The important effects of nutrition on longevity related with quality, quantity, frequency, variety and emotional satisfaction. Therefore, nutritional strategies that provide clear benefits for ageing linked with both physiological and psychological functions to maintain life quality. The aspiration is not only to “live longer” but to “live better,” and to maintain optimal qual¬ity of life during the later stages of life.
Abstract
The rehabilitation counsellor works with people with disabilities to assist them in ways to improve their quality of life and vocational outcomes. The types of disabilities among people are diverse, multifaceted, and vary in severity. One such disability group is individuals with cancer. Persons with cancer account for a minimal percentage of the total successfully closed vocational rehabilitation cases. Over the past few decades, the prognosis of many types of cancer has improved, with a resulting increase in the number of cancer survivors who have the ability to resume work after treatment and therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of rehabilitation counsellors’ involvement in enhancing the lives of individuals with cancer including the employment means, Psychological Impact, and effective interventions to employ these goals.
Levels of Anxiety and Quality of Life in Overweight Individuals Under Nutriti...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Levels of Anxiety and Quality of Life in Overweight Individuals Under Nutritional Monitoring by Géssika Dutra de Andrade Reis, Virginia Souza Santos* and Martha Elisa Ferreira de Almeida in Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes
Self-efficacy Impact Adherence in Diabetes Mellitusasclepiuspdfs
The aim of the paper is to explore how self-efficacy (SE) is associated with adherence among adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The search of electronic databases identified 564 records from 2007 to 2017 on SE and adherence from different perspectives and its effect on adults with DM. Discussions: SE increases the confidence in adults in their self-care behaviors. Non-adherence continues to be a significant barrier to SE. SE and adherence should be informed by an understanding of theoretical frameworks and the individual characteristics. Conclusion: Adherence is likely among adults with better SE to empower them to make valid decisions about their health. Interventions to improve SE should be tailored based on different types of non-adherence such as intentional and unintentional non-adherence. Implications: An intercollaborative professional practice approach is crucial to improve SE and adherence for sound judgment and valid decision-making.
A correlative study to assess the internet addiction and psychopathologies am...iosrjce
With the advancement in media and technologies internet has emerged as an effective tool in
eliminating human geographical barriers. However, excessive use of theInternet has resulted in negative
consequences especially among the regular users labeling it as an addiction. The objectives of the study were to
assess the prevalence of internet addiction and find a correlation between internet addiction and
psychopathologies among university students.A descriptive survey approach with cross sectional design was
adopted for the study. 264 students were selected by convenient sampling technique from the different colleges
of various streams like medicine, dental, nursing, pharmacology and agriculture, who are undergoing
graduation and fulfilling the sampling criteria. The data collection instruments used were Internet addiction test
(IAT) and Duke Health profile tool to assess the data. This study reveals that according to IAT score 85.5%
were normal & 14.5% were abnormal in 1st year, 95% were normal & 5% were abnormal in 2nd year ,68.9%
were normal & 31.1% were abnormal in 3rd year ,10.7% were normal & 89.2% were abnormal 56.2% normal
in 4th year.Study also shows IAT score among various disciplines, 69.2% were normal and 30.8% were
abnormal in medical college, 68% were normal and 32% were abnormal in nursing college, 50.5% were
normal and 49.5% were abnormal in pharmacology college, 57.5% were normal and 42.5% were abnormal in
dental college, 65.6% were normal and 34.4% were abnormal in agriculture college. Further it was observed
through the analysis that there is no statistically significant correlation between IAT score and
psychopathologies.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
—Reproductive health development depends on the menstrual hygiene in adolescence. Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start during adolescence. Drug, alcohol and tobacco use is major concern in this group. The present study was conducted to study the reproductive health, mental health and various addictions in urban adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted among 506 adolescents from standard 9 th and 10 th in a high school in Margao city of South Goa district in year 2015. Study participants were sampled by census method and interviewed by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The mean age of study participants i.e. in girls it was 16.30 years & in boys it was observed 16.43 years. 85.4% of the study participants experienced one of the feelings of being anxious, sad, irritable or stressed, 74.4% of the study participants experienced feelings suggestive of psychosomatic disorder and 48.4% participants felt they were good for nothing. 58.1% had normal cycles of 21-35 days while 30.7% and 11.2% of the girls had cycles of < 21 days & 36-60 days respectively. 49.2% experienced mild symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, equal percentage experienced moderate symptoms and 1.6% experienced severe dysmenorrhoea. 40.4% had curdy white vaginal discharge, 5.5% had greenish yellow discharge and 19.8% had blood stained vaginal discharge. 5.5% of the adolescents smoked.1.2% of the participants chewed Gutkha. 26.5% had consumed alcohol & 3.8% had tried drugs. The study shows that adolescents face various problems which need to be addressed.
Assessment of Physical Activity Level in Adults with Intellectual Disabilitie...Remedypublications1
Beside health benefits, the impact of physical activity on individuals with intellectual disabilities is
evident in all the spheres of life, such as psychological, social and cognitive development. The goal of
this research was to examine the physical activity level in persons with intellectual disabilities, who
are users of habilitation programs.
Thirty-six parents of persons with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. An appropriate
sample was used in referential centre's and associations caring for persons with intellectual
disabilities older than 21 years of age. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire
(IPAQ) to evaluate the physical activity and Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) for quality of life.
The results show that the total level of physical activity in persons with intellectual disabilities,
evaluated by their parents and expressed through MET-minutes/week, is high (M=3434.7). No
differences were found with regard to gender and the intellectual disability category. Quality of life
estimated by the parents was positively correlated with the inclusion of persons with intellectual
disabilities into a physical activity.
This study gives insight in the physical activity level of persons with intellectual disabilities and
implicates the importance of their inclusion in various centre's for rehabilitation and occupational
activities.
Prevalence of and Socio-Demographic Factors Related with Overweightsajjalp
The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and to describe the socio-demographic factors
related with overweight. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at women’s college Kathmandu, Nepal from January to April
2019 using a convenient sampling technique to select the subjects. The study was conducted among 202 female students aged 18
to 23 years with the self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises questions on socio-demographic factors
related to the weight status. The height and weight of subjects were self-reported to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and to
group them into overweight, normal weight, and underweight according to the guidelines of the world health organization. The
prevalence rate of overweight among the female students was 12.9% (CI: 8.4 – 17.8, p<0.05). The average BMI for overweight
students is 26.4 ± 0.973 kg/m2 with 95% confidence interval: 26- 26.79, p < 0.05. Most of the students are conscious about their
health. The socio-demographic factors behind overweight among the female students were physical inactivity, unhealthy food
consumption pattern, and moderate average family monthly income
Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Osun State (2)iosrjce
The study compared the dietary intake and nutritional status of the elderly attending geriatric day
care centres and those who did not in Ile-Ife and Imesi-Ile both in Ife-Ijesasenatorial district of Osun State. It
was aimed at examining the relationships between income, acute diseases and food intake on dietary intake and
nutritional status of the elderly people. A total of four hundred and eighteen elderly respondents were recruited
for the study through a snow balling sampling technique. One hundred and thirty two elderly attending geriatric
day care centres were recruited as study group and 318 who do not attend any of the centres were recruited as
control group. Data was collected by using a twenty-item questionnaire adapted from Nestle Mini Nutritional
Assessment (MNA) scale.
Findings revealed that more (9.1%) of the respondents in the study group were undernourished, and 25.9% of
the respondents in the same group were overweight. There was no significant difference in the nutritional status
of respondents from both groups (X2=2.25, p= >0.05). This study concluded that attendance of geriatric day
care centres and income conferred no added benefit on the nutritional status and dietary pattern of the elderly.
Abstract
During the lifespan, there are multiple factors influence the longevity including genotype, metabolism, physiology, sociodemographic and environmental factors, nutritional and lifestyle habits. Nutrition during the life time has an effect on the health status. Dietary indexes, certain dietary patterns and dietary guidelines have been used for analysing dietary pattern and life expectancy relationship in many studies. Dietary pattern has an important effect on longevity. The cohort study results indicate that diet quality and Medittarenean diet have potential effects on longevity. The important effects of nutrition on longevity related with quality, quantity, frequency, variety and emotional satisfaction. Therefore, nutritional strategies that provide clear benefits for ageing linked with both physiological and psychological functions to maintain life quality. The aspiration is not only to “live longer” but to “live better,” and to maintain optimal qual¬ity of life during the later stages of life.
Abstract
The rehabilitation counsellor works with people with disabilities to assist them in ways to improve their quality of life and vocational outcomes. The types of disabilities among people are diverse, multifaceted, and vary in severity. One such disability group is individuals with cancer. Persons with cancer account for a minimal percentage of the total successfully closed vocational rehabilitation cases. Over the past few decades, the prognosis of many types of cancer has improved, with a resulting increase in the number of cancer survivors who have the ability to resume work after treatment and therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of rehabilitation counsellors’ involvement in enhancing the lives of individuals with cancer including the employment means, Psychological Impact, and effective interventions to employ these goals.
Levels of Anxiety and Quality of Life in Overweight Individuals Under Nutriti...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Levels of Anxiety and Quality of Life in Overweight Individuals Under Nutritional Monitoring by Géssika Dutra de Andrade Reis, Virginia Souza Santos* and Martha Elisa Ferreira de Almeida in Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes
Self-efficacy Impact Adherence in Diabetes Mellitusasclepiuspdfs
The aim of the paper is to explore how self-efficacy (SE) is associated with adherence among adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The search of electronic databases identified 564 records from 2007 to 2017 on SE and adherence from different perspectives and its effect on adults with DM. Discussions: SE increases the confidence in adults in their self-care behaviors. Non-adherence continues to be a significant barrier to SE. SE and adherence should be informed by an understanding of theoretical frameworks and the individual characteristics. Conclusion: Adherence is likely among adults with better SE to empower them to make valid decisions about their health. Interventions to improve SE should be tailored based on different types of non-adherence such as intentional and unintentional non-adherence. Implications: An intercollaborative professional practice approach is crucial to improve SE and adherence for sound judgment and valid decision-making.
A correlative study to assess the internet addiction and psychopathologies am...iosrjce
With the advancement in media and technologies internet has emerged as an effective tool in
eliminating human geographical barriers. However, excessive use of theInternet has resulted in negative
consequences especially among the regular users labeling it as an addiction. The objectives of the study were to
assess the prevalence of internet addiction and find a correlation between internet addiction and
psychopathologies among university students.A descriptive survey approach with cross sectional design was
adopted for the study. 264 students were selected by convenient sampling technique from the different colleges
of various streams like medicine, dental, nursing, pharmacology and agriculture, who are undergoing
graduation and fulfilling the sampling criteria. The data collection instruments used were Internet addiction test
(IAT) and Duke Health profile tool to assess the data. This study reveals that according to IAT score 85.5%
were normal & 14.5% were abnormal in 1st year, 95% were normal & 5% were abnormal in 2nd year ,68.9%
were normal & 31.1% were abnormal in 3rd year ,10.7% were normal & 89.2% were abnormal 56.2% normal
in 4th year.Study also shows IAT score among various disciplines, 69.2% were normal and 30.8% were
abnormal in medical college, 68% were normal and 32% were abnormal in nursing college, 50.5% were
normal and 49.5% were abnormal in pharmacology college, 57.5% were normal and 42.5% were abnormal in
dental college, 65.6% were normal and 34.4% were abnormal in agriculture college. Further it was observed
through the analysis that there is no statistically significant correlation between IAT score and
psychopathologies.
Household Demographic Predictors of Drug and Substance Abuse among High Schoo...Premier Publishers
Purpose: The accessibility, affordability, and consumption of abused drugs by the youths have attracted great concern among public health personnel. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated household demographic predictors of drugs and substance abuse among high school students in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kisumu County.
Methods: Sample size of 434 was calculated using Yamane formula and the participants selected through Snow ball, random, cluster and stratified sampling. Descriptive data was summarized using tables while inferential statistic done using Chi square and logistic regression. Data collection done through observation and semi- structured questionnaires. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Overall, 219 (61.17%) students reported to have engaged in drug and illicit substance abuse with higher proportion reported among the Christians as compared to Islamic and Hinduism. Religion, Parental / guardian’s level of education and the person living with the student were found to significantly predict the abuse of drug and illicit substance among high school students (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Drug and illicit substance abuse remains a major public health problem among all age groups worldwide with several negative impacts. Due to its magnitude, it calls for concerted multi-sectorial effort by all stakeholders for the dream of drug free world to be achieved.
Factors Influencing Alcoholism and Drug Abuse among College Students with Spe...ijtsrd
Factors such as peer pressure, physical and sexual abuse, early exposure to drugs, stress, and parental guidance can greatly affect a persons likelihood of drug use and addiction. Genetic and environmental factors interact with critical developmental stages in a persons life to affect addiction risk. Beginning today, the Narcotics Intelligence Bureau NIB will be coordinating with the School and Higher Education Departments to kick off a State wide campaign to increase awareness about the ill effects of drug abuse among school and college students. ”œNearly 10 of the drugs that flows into the State, especially ganja are supplied to college students. Ganja and pharmaceutical drugs are mostly used by the students,” said Abash Kumar. Research design The researcher followed descriptive research design for the study. Universe of the study 500 College students were chosen for information assortment the examining technique embraced for the current investigation is Non Probability sampling. For the current examination the scientist utilize purposive testing technique to gather information from guardians. Tools for data collection The Researcher Used Questionnaire as Tool of Data Collection. Drug Abuse Scale developed by Gregory Zimet 2016 , this schedule has 27 statements. The study conclude that 16 of the respondents are high level of alcohol and drug use, 72 of the respondents are moderate level of alcohol and drug use, 12 of the respondents are low level of alcohol and drug use. Dr. P. Natarajan | S. Amrithavarshini | G. J. Dheetchana | J. Sivagurunathan | Taniya Susan Reji "Factors Influencing Alcoholism and Drug Abuse among College Students with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/56338/factors-influencing-alcoholism-and-drug-abuse-among-college-students-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/dr-p-natarajan
FIGHTING THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE BY ADOLESCENTS: A CASE STUDY OF ZENGEZA 4 ...John1Lorcan
The main objective of the study was to identify the effects of drug use and abuse at Zengeza 4 High School in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design. The study employed a mixed method approach. The study used interviews and surveys as data collection tools. The study revealed that poor academic performance, school drop-outs, early marriages, aggressive and violent behaviour are the major effects of drug use/abuse by adolescents in schools. The study recommended that both parents and teachers should strongly educate and encourage adolescents in school to desist from all forms of drug use or abuse for whatever reasons. Adolescents should always seek help from caregivers and parents whenever they face any life threatening situations
Running head DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION1DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 1
DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 6
Drug Abuse and Addiction
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Public Safety Issue: Drug Abuse and Addiction
Public safety issue refers to any problem which threatens the wellbeing of people and prosperity of communities. A solution to such challenges is crucial in order to ensure that safety of people is protected and safeguarded. The issue of drug abuse and concern among school going teenagers has become a major problem in United States. According to a survey conducted by Monitoring the Future (MTF), on average, 29 percent of the school kids between grades 8, 10, and 12 were found to be using drugs. This has raised a major concern that requires the government to work closely with relevant public safety organizations in order to contain this issue.
Research Topic: The Importance of Introducing Drug Abuse Unit in The Curriculum of the American Education System
Overview
According to findings of Monitoring the Future survey released in 2018, there is a significant increase in number of school going youths engaging in drug abuse activities. Marijuana, opioid abuse, alcohol, synthetic drugs, tobacco, and nicotine are among the top drugs and substances abused by teenagers and school going kids. These statistics are alarming since they present one of the major challenge to the wellbeing and prosperity of the future generation. Many anti-drug abuse and addiction organizations such as National Institutes on Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have been working relentlessly to curb this rising level of drug abuse and addiction among teenagers. Despite all the efforts by these organizations, their programs have failed to achieve any substantial success as far the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is concerned. This research is aimed at exploring the relevant literature from books, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and other academic effort in the effort to present the dire need to integrate drug abuse into the curriculum of the American education system. The findings of the research will be a boost to the government and other public safety organizations in the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers and school going youths.
Annotated Bibliography
Duncan, D. T., Palamar, J. J., & Williams, J. H. (2014). Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among US high school seniors. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 9(1), 35.
The paper explores the problem of marijuana use among the students in U.S. high schools. Notably, more than 45.5 percent of the respondents revealed that they have used marijuana once on their lifetime while the other 36.4 percent revealing that they have used marijuana in the last one year. Additionally, another 22.7 percent of the respondents noting that they have been consta ...
Substance Abuses among the Students of Higher Secondary Schools: A Case Studyiosrjce
The present investigator aims to study the contribution of the areas related to the Substance Abuses
among the Adolescence Students of Higher Secondary Schools. This paper attempts to make a thorough,
comprehensive and analytical study by exploring the causes of becoming an individual substance abuse in
relation to psychological factor, peer group pressure, joyfulness, tension remover, rebelliousness, intercultural
influences, curiosity, climatic condition, easy availability, future insecurity and modernization. From the result
of the research the administrator, teachers and parents may help children through early education about
psychoactive substances, open communications, good role modeling, and early recognition if problems are
developing. No single measure would be effective to prevent the use of drugs until and unless home, school and
society all the three collectively and cooperatively tackle the problems of substances abuse from different
angles
Cases of human imunnodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in middle and low income countries were very many. One of the biggest obstacles in the prevention of HIV/AIDS is the high stigma people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are still 34% of health students stigmatizing PLWHA. Appropriate learning media is needed to provide information about HIV/AIDS to midwifery students. The purpose was to determine the effect videos and pocket books on the knowledge, attitudes towards stigma of PLWHA. This research was a quantitative study with quasi-experimental non equivalent control group design. The intervention group was given information using video, the control group was given a pocket book. There were 100 respondents participated in this study. Data analysis using t-test and simple linear regression. There is a relationship between the provision of videos and pocket books on the post test knowledge with p=0.002. There is an influence of giving video to attitude with p=0.022 OR 2.731. There was a relationship between the provision of videos and pocket books on the knowledge and attitudes of respondents. There was no relationship between the source of video information on the adequacy of material about HIV AIDS and the experience of meeting PLWHA with the level of knowledge and attitude of respondents.
IJRET-V1I2P2 - Influence of Drug use on Academic Performance Among Secondary ...ISAR Publications
Drug use has become prevalent today than any other time in Kenya. Youths are using drugs which modify their mental, emotional and behavioural functioning. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the influence of drug use on academic performance among secondary school students in Matinyani district. Descriptive survey was used in this study. Fourteen public secondary schools were involved with population of 1701 students. Purposive sampling was used in the sample selection to select 5 schools which included a girls� boarding, a boys� boarding school, a mixed day school, a mixed boarding school and a mixed day and a boarding school. A sample size of 269 was used. The data was collected by use of a Core Alcohol and Drug Survey Questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the study instrument was established through a pilot study. A correlation coefficient alpha of 0.7408 was obtained. According to, Fraenkel and Wallen (2002) a reliability co efficient of 0.7 or more implies high degree of reliability. Data was analysed by use of descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Percentages, tables, bar graphs and charts were used in presenting and summarizing the findings. The study established that drug use is common among secondary school students in Matinyani district; students drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes and chew miraa/khat. The study findings on emerging trends drug use revealed that most of the students started taking drugs at adolescent stage.
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER PROPOSAL 1
Research paper proposal
Two cognitive domain articles:
The first cognitive domain article is Evaluating a Selective Prevention Programme for Binge
Drinking Among Young Adolescents: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
● Study goals: substance abuse is danger for the teenager, but having a prevention
programme can reduce the danger from substance abuse.
● Subjects: substance abuse prevention programme for alcohol-related risks to
cognitive functions teenager.
● In the results, I found that teenages who are heavy abuse of alcohol seems have
the risk development of cognitive abilities; and teenagers who abuse alcohol will
develop higher damage cognitive functions than in adult.
● A possible campus resources to address the issue is wellness & health
promotion-Alcohol Consultations. In the campus Alcohol Consultations, it
provide the individual alcohol consultation to increase the cognition of alcohol
damage for human development.
The second cognitive domain article is Cognitive Predictors of Problem Drinking and AUDIT
Scores Among College Students.
● Study goals: within substance abuse, what’s the differences in cognitive processes.
● Subjects: substance abuse is relate to a range of differences in cognitive processes.
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER PROPOSAL 2
● In the results, I found that alcohol user develop attentional bias and impulsive decision
than the others who are not a alcohol drinker; And the heavy alcohol abuser are likely to
develop the cognitive disability over twice than the non alcohol abuser.
● Overall, in San Jose State University, a possible campus resources to address the issue is
Student Health Advisory Committee (SHAC). SHAC as an advisory body has provide
quality advisory services for student to address the health problems on different domains.
Two social domain articles:
The first social domain article is Prevention and Treatment of College Student Drug Dse: A
Review of the Literature.
● Study goal: to discover how the individual will get influence from the peer
interaction through the social.
● Subjects: social influences.
● In the results, I found that peer who abuse alcohol and drug will influence and
cause the higher rate of the people around them on abuse; And social norms
divided into two parts, which are descriptive norms and injunctive norms. These
two norms are shows the individual will get influence from the misperceive of
others action, thus affecting their own behavior.
● A possible campus resources to address the issue is Health and Wellness Related
Groups (Peer Health Educators).
The second social domain article is Peer Associations for Substance Use and Exercise in a
College Student Social Network.
Running h.
This webinar was developed by Child Trends in 2015 for the Office of Adolescent Health (OAH) as a technical assistance product for use with OAH grant programs.
Similar to Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module on Effects of Substance Abuse on Health and its Preventive Measures among Adolescents (20)
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. 24
Ablittin James Benitto / Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module on Effects of Substance Abuse
on Health and its Preventive Measures among Adolescents
students form the core from which the
leadership in all walks of life will eventually
emerge. It has a strong impact on personal and
family life. Drugs and alcohol have a direct
relation to sexually transmitted disease and
AIDS. Today, people are less concerned about
socialism, capitalism and economism and more
worried about drugs, alcoholism, rape and
terrorism. June 26, 1992 was declared by WHO
as the International Day against substance
abuse and Illicit Trafficking.
“Substance Addiction in India” (UN report,
2005) nearly 4 million registered drug addicts
in South Asia, 1.25 lakhs are in India.
Distribution: alcohol 42%, Opium 20%, Heroin
13%, Cannabis 6.2% and others 1.8%. These
substance abusers are mostly unmarried and
from the lower socio economic strata 33% of
them are engaged in antisocial activities. The
mean age of onset of various substance abusers
was during youth between 21 and 23 years.
Percentage of ever smoking of cigarettes among
students in the age group of 13 to15 years in
India. In 2003, 12% boys and 5.4% of girls. In
2006, 14.1% boys and 8.7% of girls (Global
youth tobacco survey, 2006). Prevalence of
current tobacco use 2000-2008 in between in
the age of 13 to 15 years in India, Boys 19%
and Girls 8.3% (W.H.O, 2009).
Rapid Assessment Study of Drug Abuse in
Target Communities in India was conducted
in urban sites namely, Bangalore, Chennai,
Imphal, Jodhpur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai,
Patna and Pune. It was reported that among a
total of 1271 substance users, the most
commonly abused substance are alcohol-43%,
heroin-38.2%, opium-9.3%, cannabis-6.1% and
other opiates-4.3% respectively. In this survey
cannabis was reported highest in Bangalore,
i.e., 69.8%, followed by 66.3% in Shillon /
Jowai. Abuse of heroin was highest in Imphal,
i.e., 83% followed by Thiruvananthapuram45.5% and Ahmedabad-37.9% (RAS DATC,
2004). .
Studies show that education is one of the
main sources for increasing the knowledge and
changing the behaviors of adolescent students
regarding substance abuse. Hence, the
researcher felt that structured video teaching
Journal of Psychiatric Nursing
module would provide a basis for prevention
and control of substance abuse among
adolescent students. Students are the most
vulnerable group and are at high risk of
substance abuse related problems compared to
other population. The prevalence rate of
substance abuse is highest among young
adolescents and young adults, a large majority
of whom are students. As it is gaining gradual
popularity among college students, it would be
vital to examine their knowledge towards
substance abuse. Structured video teaching
module is an important strategy of all the
programmes to prevent and control substance
abuse.
Methodology
The study is based upon Kenny’s open
system’s theory is concerned with changes due
to interaction between various factors in a
situation. All living systems are open, in which
there is a continual exchange of matter, energy,
and information. The concepts of J.W. Kenny’s
open system model are input, throughput,
output and feedback.
The research approach adopted for the study
was Quasi-experimental i.e. one group pre-test
– post-test design. This study was intended to
gain knowledge by the clients who were
subjected to video teaching module. Here only
one group was observed twice, i.e., before and
after introducing the independent variable. The
effect of the treatment would be equal to the
level of the phenomenon after the treatment
minus the level of phenomenon before
treatment. In this study the video teaching
module on substance abuse was the
independent variable, dependent variable is the
knowledge scores of subjects regarding
substance abuse and extraneous variables are
age of the students, sex, stream of study, place
of stay, type of family, monthly family income,
and religion. The sample consisted of 70
subjects studying in selected higher secondary
schools of Puducherry. The subjects were
selected by purposive sampling.
The researcher used structured knowledge
Jan - Apr 2013
3. Ablittin James Benitto / Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module on Effects of Substance Abuse
on Health and its Preventive Measures among Adolescents
questionnaire to assess the knowledge on effects
of substance abuse and its preventive
measures. The tool consists of two sections, the
first section of the tool consisted of 7 items, this
items for obtaining information of students
about the selected background factors such as
age, sex, nature of the subjects, place of stay,
type of family, monthly family income and
religion. The second section of the tool consisted
of 30 items, the items covering 3 areas of
knowledge regarding drug abuse. The areas
included were general information (53.4%),
effects of substance abuse (26.7%), and
prevention of substance abuse (20%). The items
were of multiple-choice type having four
options with one correct answer. Each correct
response carried a weightage of one score and
incorrect answer scores zero.
Content validity of the tool was established
on the basis of expert judgments. The reliability
of the tool was established by split half and test
re-test method was used. The reliability coefficient was found by Karl Pearson correlation
formula. A formal written permission was
obtained from principals of selected schools for
conducting research study by the investigator
before the collection of actual data. The
investigator visited the selected schools and was
introduced to the students by the concerned
class teacher. The purpose of the study was
explained to the students and assured the
confidentiality of their identity and responses
in order to ensure their co-operation and
prompt response. The pre-test knowledge
questionnaire was implemented to the students
on 2nd November 2011 after completing the pre
test on the same day video teaching module
was given with the help of using T.V and C.D.
player for 40 minutes. Post-test was
administered to the students using the same
tool on the 7 th day after the video teaching
module. The knowledge scores of the students
regarding substance abuse before and after
administration of video teaching module would
be analysed in terms of frequency, percentage,
mean, mean percentage and standard
deviation. The significant difference between
the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge
scores would be determined by computing
paired ‘t’ test. The chi-square was used to find
Volume 2 Number 1
25
out the association between the demographic
variables with knowledge. Master data sheet
would be prepared by the investigator to
analyze the data, the data were presented in
the form of tables and figures.
Results
Table 1 show that 100% of adolescence
were in the age group of 16 to 18 years,
According to their sex 100% of them are males
and their nature of education reveals that
highest percentage (46%) of them are science
group, 30% students were bio-science and 24%
were commerce. Family income shows that
highest percentage (49%) of them were belongs
to Rs. 5000-10000. Whereas (41%) of them were
belongs to Rs. 2001-5000. According to their
place of stay shows that highest percentage
(79%) of them were home, and the type of
family shows that most (70%) of them were
joint family. According to their religion reveals
that most 56% of the adolescence were Hindus.
Table 2 Shows comparison of overall mean,
SD, and mean percentage of pre test and post
test knowledge scores shows that over all mean
Table 1: The socio-demographic details of
the subjects
N = 70
Journal of Psychiatric Nursing
4. 26
Ablittin James Benitto / Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module on Effects of Substance Abuse
on Health and its Preventive Measures among Adolescents
Table 2: Comparison of pre test and post test knowledge scores on effects of substance
abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents
N = 70
score in pre test 12.06 + 1.92 which is 40%
whereas in post test the mean score was 22.63
+ 1.90 which is 75% revealing 35% of difference
in mean score. Hence, it can be revealed that
there is significant difference between the pre
and post test scores.
Paired ‘t’ test was used for assessing the
statistical significance between the pre and post
test knowledge scores which there was a highly
significant difference between all aspects
related to effects of substance abuse on health
and its preventive measure among adolescents
at p < 0.001 level significance. Hence the null
hypothesis H01 rejected and concluded that
there is a statistical significant difference
between pre and post test knowledge of
adolescence regarding effects of substance on
health and its preventive measures. It seems
that the video assisted teaching module was
highly effective.
Findings related to the association between
pre-test knowledge score and selected
demographic variables. Chi-square was
calculated to find out the association between
the pre test knowledge scores of the
adolescents. No significant association was
Table 3: Effectiveness of video assisted
teaching module on effects of substance
abuse on health and its preventive measure
among adolescents.
N = 70
(df =69, table value = 3.435, p<0.001 highly
significant)
Journal of Psychiatric Nursing
observed between knowledge scores of
adolescents in pre test when it is compared to
their age, sex, nature of education, family
income, place of stay, type of family and
religion, (P>0.01).
Discussion
Distribution of mean, SD and mean
percentage of pre test knowledge scores of
adolescence regarding effects of substance
abuse on health and its preventive measure
shows that out of 30 maximum attainable
scores, the overall mean score was 12.06 + 1.92
which is 40% of the total score revealing that
the adolescence had very poor knowledge.
Other studies also have shown that adolescent’s
knowledge regarding substance abuse is
inadequate. A study from Lucknow reported
that adolescents lacked knowledge about drug
abuse the effect of it on body and the
complication associated with it (Deo,
Anilkumar, Lamsal, Shyam, 2005). The result
of a study from U.K. showed that young people
lacked knowledge on the use and complication
of illicit drugs (Sharmer 2001). A study
conducted on students in America showed that
college students lack knowledge on substance
abuse policies and there was an urgent need to
improve the knowledge of students on the
harmful effects of substance abuse (Duistman
DM, Cychosz CM, 1997).
Comparison of overall mean, SD, and mean
percentage of pre test and post test knowledge
scores shows that over all mean score in pre
test 12.06 + 1.92 which is 40% whereas in post
test the mean score was 22.63 + 1.90 which is
75% revealing 35% of difference in mean score.
The difference between pre test and post test
assessment score were compared using paired
Jan - Apr 2013
5. Ablittin James Benitto / Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module on Effects of Substance Abuse
on Health and its Preventive Measures among Adolescents
‘t’ test. The findings revealed that a highly
significant difference between pre and post test
knowledge scores of the adolescence ( table
value = 3.435, P<0.001 highly significant).
Hence, it can be interpreted that the video
assisted teaching module was effective. The
present study is contradictory to the study
findings conducted by Gowri. N (2010) to assess
the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge attitude and
practices regarding tobacco consumption
among 60 subjects, it revealed that significant
increase in the level of the knowledge and
attitude in the post test comparing to the pre
test. The study finding indicates the need of
structured teaching programme to improve the
knowledge.
27
Conclusion
Adolescence substance abuse is an important
public health concern and in the past two
decades there have been dramatic changes and
increase in the demand for interventions to
address substance abuser problems among
adolescence. The video assisted teaching
module for students on substance abuse could
help them to keep their personality and optimal
health. Assessment of knowledge on substance
abuse among the adolescence students and
teaching them about substance abuse is the
main concept of the study. This will help the
student to gain knowledge on substance abuse
in the areas concerned.
Another study conducted by Shivakumara
J, (2005) among 120 college students in
Bangalore also showed that the mean post-test
knowledge scores were significantly higher
than their mean pre-test knowledge scores
indicating that health education programme
was effective in enhancing the knowledge.
Autry K, Finke W, Hail A, (2002) conducted a
study for college students found that students
lacked knowledge on alcoholism and planned
teaching programme was an effective measure
to improve their knowledge. One more study
conducted by Sreevani R et al, (2005) among
30 adolescence students regarding adverse
effects of tobacco smoking on knowledge gain,
also showed that the effectiveness of planed
teaching programme (t=19.18, Pd”0.001) which
revealed mean post-test knowledge scores were
significantly higher than their mean pre-test
scores. Their study revealed a significant
increase in post-test knowledge scores of
students after the administration of planed
teaching programme.
Majority of the adolescence students’
knowledge on substance abuse was inadequate
before the video assisted teaching module was
introduced. Hence, the video assisted teaching
module among adolescence students facilitated
them to learn more about substance abuse,
which is evident in the post-test knowledge
scores. Thus it is concluded that the video
assisted teaching module is highly effective in
imparting the knowledge on substance abuse
for adolescence students.
The above mentioned studies clearly shows
that video assisted teaching module conducted
in higher secondary schools are effective in
improving the knowledge of adolescence
students and this will help them to avoid
substance abuse.
Volume 2 Number 1
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Jan - Apr 2013