This study assessed the physical activity levels and quality of life of 36 adults with intellectual disabilities who use habilitation programs in Zagreb, Croatia. The results showed that:
1) The total physical activity level of participants, measured in MET-minutes/week, was high on average. Half of participants engaged in a high level of physical activity.
2) Physical activity levels did not differ by gender or degree of intellectual disability. Those involved in competitive sports had higher activity levels than those in recreational sports.
3) Quality of life, as rated by parents, was positively correlated with inclusion in physical activity for individuals with intellectual disabilities. This highlights the importance of their participation in rehabilitation and occupational programs.
This document summarizes a systematic review that assessed the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The review included 13 studies that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise with flexibility/balance training, and walking programs. Most studies found that moderate to high intensity aerobic exercise performed 3 times per week for 12-16 weeks improved scores on the Mini Mental State Exam, indicating improved cognitive function. Moving forward, more research is needed on the optimal intensity of aerobic exercise and use of technologies like sensors in smart homes to monitor patients and progression of dementia.
The document summarizes the results of a bidirectional survey between health professionals and individuals with spinal cord injuries in South Korea regarding needs and perspectives on telerehabilitation.
The survey found strong interest among individuals with spinal cord injuries in telerehabilitation services that could help address unmet medical needs related to health monitoring, rehabilitation interventions, and independent living. However, awareness and experience with telerehabilitation was low.
Notable differences emerged between the two groups regarding awareness of telerehabilitation, preferences for rehabilitation services, and views on potential expenses of telerehabilitation. Overall, telerehabilitation was seen as holding promise to help bridge traditional clinical services, but barriers to its adoption were also identified.
This document reviews the evidence for different types of exercise as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. It finds that cardiovascular exercise, balance training, and resistance training can all provide benefits. Cardiovascular exercise may improve gait, balance, quality of life, and reduce mortality risk. Balance training can improve gait, balance, and reduce falls, especially when combined with resistance training. Resistance training can increase muscle strength, endurance, and mobility. The review develops a suggested home-based exercise regimen combining these modalities to maximize benefits for patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease.
Barriers to Access Quality Healthcare Services among Physically Challenged Pe...Premier Publishers
This study examined barriers to accessing quality healthcare among physically challenged persons in Gem Sub County, Siaya County, Kenya. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study using questionnaires with 108 physically challenged individuals. The results showed that environmental accessibility of hospitals, their locations, and infrastructure leading to the hospitals greatly influenced the ability of physically challenged persons to access healthcare. All healthcare facilities were not adequately equipped to handle people with disabilities. Healthcare system-related factors like distance to facilities, awareness of services, and staff attitudes negatively influenced access to quality care for physically challenged persons in Gem Sub County. The combination of these barriers created significant obstacles for physically challenged persons to overcome in accessing needed healthcare services.
This document summarizes an exploratory randomized controlled trial that evaluated the feasibility and potential benefits of community-based yoga classes for patients with type 2 diabetes. 59 patients were randomized to either a 12-week yoga intervention with twice-weekly classes or a waiting list control. The primary outcome was HbA1c levels and secondary outcomes included other health measures, attendance rates, and qualitative feedback. Despite broad eligibility criteria, recruitment was challenging and attendance at yoga classes was around 50%. There were no significant differences found between the yoga and control groups in HbA1c or other health outcomes. The study highlighted several barriers to implementing and evaluating yoga interventions for diabetes in real-world community settings.
Awerness of Palliative Care among Physical Therapy Student of ISRA University...iosrjce
Background;Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patient and their families facing
the problem associated with a life limiting and relief of suffering by mean of early identification and assessment
and treatment of pain and other problems, Education and training in palliative care influences not only the level
of care provided but also the level of team participation of the healthcare professionals.
Objective:To assess awareness about palliative care among physical therapy student of Isra University
Hyderabad.
Study Design And Methods:It was cross sectional type of descriptive study that was conducted in physical
therapy students of Isra institute of rehabilitation sciences, Isra University Hyderabad. Data has obtained from
questionnaire. it contain 3 section A,B,C and having total 25 question from all portion to determined the
palliative care among physical therapy students of Isra University Hyderabad.
Result:Out of total 50 It was found that 80% strongly agreed that palliative care is important as curative care
in physiotherapy, 16% disagreed and only 2% somewhat agreed. 70% student of physiotherapy agreed that
palliative care should be included in course content of physiotherapy education, 16% somewhat agreed, 8%
neutral on that and remaining 6% . Along with it 46% strongly agreed that palliative care had supportive role
in our society, 18% somewhat agreed, 14% were neutral and 22% disagreed. By comparison 28% strongly
agreed curative care more important than palliative care and 34% strongly disagree.
Physiotherapists in primary care in the Republic of Ireland were surveyed about their assessment and management of lifestyle risk factors. The survey found that physiotherapists most commonly assessed physical activity levels, followed by dietary status. Few assessed smoking status or alcohol consumption. The main barriers to assessing these factors were lack of time, limited knowledge and expertise, and a perception that it was not part of their role. The study highlights opportunities for physiotherapists to play a greater role in addressing lifestyle risk factors through more systematic assessment and management. Training is needed to help overcome barriers identified in the survey.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aero...iosrjce
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic
individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest
number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million)
in second and third place respectively. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from 171
million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India..In addition to this, the complications
associated with diabetes is also in the higher rate .
4
The Management of diabetes is most critical part, Lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, physical
activity like aerobic exercise, some major drugs of diabetes management, insulin therapy, foot care of diabetes
and annual screening. Most of the patients are economically poor. So the researcher found that aerobic exercise
is economical and have lot of health benefits on diabetic patients.
Aim: The aim of study is to check the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise and
practice to maintain blood glucose level among diabetes.
Methodology: The research approach adopted for the present study is an Quantitative research approach and
the design adopted was quasi experimental design. The setting for the study was Crescent Hospital,
Alathur .Palakkad, Kerala. The sample size of the present study was 50, simple random sampling technique was
used to select samples.
Finding: The pre test and post mean value of blood glucose among experimental and control group was
173.2,149.96 &153.16 ,148.92 .The pre test and post mean score of knowledge on practice among
experimental and control group was 11.4,15.08 and 11.04,11.68 .In experimental group the obtained ‘t’value
for the blood glucose was 2.347 and obtained ‘t’value knowledge on practice was 8.742 .The demographic
variables had no association with the post blood glucose value . Conclusion: The present study result shows
the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise in reduction of blood glucose level
among diabetes.
This document summarizes a systematic review that assessed the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The review included 13 studies that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise with flexibility/balance training, and walking programs. Most studies found that moderate to high intensity aerobic exercise performed 3 times per week for 12-16 weeks improved scores on the Mini Mental State Exam, indicating improved cognitive function. Moving forward, more research is needed on the optimal intensity of aerobic exercise and use of technologies like sensors in smart homes to monitor patients and progression of dementia.
The document summarizes the results of a bidirectional survey between health professionals and individuals with spinal cord injuries in South Korea regarding needs and perspectives on telerehabilitation.
The survey found strong interest among individuals with spinal cord injuries in telerehabilitation services that could help address unmet medical needs related to health monitoring, rehabilitation interventions, and independent living. However, awareness and experience with telerehabilitation was low.
Notable differences emerged between the two groups regarding awareness of telerehabilitation, preferences for rehabilitation services, and views on potential expenses of telerehabilitation. Overall, telerehabilitation was seen as holding promise to help bridge traditional clinical services, but barriers to its adoption were also identified.
This document reviews the evidence for different types of exercise as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. It finds that cardiovascular exercise, balance training, and resistance training can all provide benefits. Cardiovascular exercise may improve gait, balance, quality of life, and reduce mortality risk. Balance training can improve gait, balance, and reduce falls, especially when combined with resistance training. Resistance training can increase muscle strength, endurance, and mobility. The review develops a suggested home-based exercise regimen combining these modalities to maximize benefits for patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease.
Barriers to Access Quality Healthcare Services among Physically Challenged Pe...Premier Publishers
This study examined barriers to accessing quality healthcare among physically challenged persons in Gem Sub County, Siaya County, Kenya. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study using questionnaires with 108 physically challenged individuals. The results showed that environmental accessibility of hospitals, their locations, and infrastructure leading to the hospitals greatly influenced the ability of physically challenged persons to access healthcare. All healthcare facilities were not adequately equipped to handle people with disabilities. Healthcare system-related factors like distance to facilities, awareness of services, and staff attitudes negatively influenced access to quality care for physically challenged persons in Gem Sub County. The combination of these barriers created significant obstacles for physically challenged persons to overcome in accessing needed healthcare services.
This document summarizes an exploratory randomized controlled trial that evaluated the feasibility and potential benefits of community-based yoga classes for patients with type 2 diabetes. 59 patients were randomized to either a 12-week yoga intervention with twice-weekly classes or a waiting list control. The primary outcome was HbA1c levels and secondary outcomes included other health measures, attendance rates, and qualitative feedback. Despite broad eligibility criteria, recruitment was challenging and attendance at yoga classes was around 50%. There were no significant differences found between the yoga and control groups in HbA1c or other health outcomes. The study highlighted several barriers to implementing and evaluating yoga interventions for diabetes in real-world community settings.
Awerness of Palliative Care among Physical Therapy Student of ISRA University...iosrjce
Background;Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patient and their families facing
the problem associated with a life limiting and relief of suffering by mean of early identification and assessment
and treatment of pain and other problems, Education and training in palliative care influences not only the level
of care provided but also the level of team participation of the healthcare professionals.
Objective:To assess awareness about palliative care among physical therapy student of Isra University
Hyderabad.
Study Design And Methods:It was cross sectional type of descriptive study that was conducted in physical
therapy students of Isra institute of rehabilitation sciences, Isra University Hyderabad. Data has obtained from
questionnaire. it contain 3 section A,B,C and having total 25 question from all portion to determined the
palliative care among physical therapy students of Isra University Hyderabad.
Result:Out of total 50 It was found that 80% strongly agreed that palliative care is important as curative care
in physiotherapy, 16% disagreed and only 2% somewhat agreed. 70% student of physiotherapy agreed that
palliative care should be included in course content of physiotherapy education, 16% somewhat agreed, 8%
neutral on that and remaining 6% . Along with it 46% strongly agreed that palliative care had supportive role
in our society, 18% somewhat agreed, 14% were neutral and 22% disagreed. By comparison 28% strongly
agreed curative care more important than palliative care and 34% strongly disagree.
Physiotherapists in primary care in the Republic of Ireland were surveyed about their assessment and management of lifestyle risk factors. The survey found that physiotherapists most commonly assessed physical activity levels, followed by dietary status. Few assessed smoking status or alcohol consumption. The main barriers to assessing these factors were lack of time, limited knowledge and expertise, and a perception that it was not part of their role. The study highlights opportunities for physiotherapists to play a greater role in addressing lifestyle risk factors through more systematic assessment and management. Training is needed to help overcome barriers identified in the survey.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aero...iosrjce
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic
individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest
number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million)
in second and third place respectively. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from 171
million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India..In addition to this, the complications
associated with diabetes is also in the higher rate .
4
The Management of diabetes is most critical part, Lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, physical
activity like aerobic exercise, some major drugs of diabetes management, insulin therapy, foot care of diabetes
and annual screening. Most of the patients are economically poor. So the researcher found that aerobic exercise
is economical and have lot of health benefits on diabetic patients.
Aim: The aim of study is to check the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise and
practice to maintain blood glucose level among diabetes.
Methodology: The research approach adopted for the present study is an Quantitative research approach and
the design adopted was quasi experimental design. The setting for the study was Crescent Hospital,
Alathur .Palakkad, Kerala. The sample size of the present study was 50, simple random sampling technique was
used to select samples.
Finding: The pre test and post mean value of blood glucose among experimental and control group was
173.2,149.96 &153.16 ,148.92 .The pre test and post mean score of knowledge on practice among
experimental and control group was 11.4,15.08 and 11.04,11.68 .In experimental group the obtained ‘t’value
for the blood glucose was 2.347 and obtained ‘t’value knowledge on practice was 8.742 .The demographic
variables had no association with the post blood glucose value . Conclusion: The present study result shows
the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise in reduction of blood glucose level
among diabetes.
Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module on Effects of Substance Abuse...Abilittin James Benitto
Substance abuse has become a major problem in any growing society, the pattern of consumption of medical and non-medical use of drugs by preadolescents, adolescents and young adults, is both complex and changing. It’s mainly due to adventurous and risk-taking behaviours, acceptable to peers, curiosity to acquaint oneself with the ecstatic experiences or due to an inner urge to avoid frustrations and boredom. Substance abuse during secondary schools, colleges and universities is a serious problem in society. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge on effects of substance abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents by evaluating the effectiveness of video assisted teaching module and to find out the association between the pre test level of knowledge on effects of substance abuse on health among adolescence with selected demographic variables. A quasi-experimental pre and post test design without control group with experimental approach was undertaken for this study. 70 adolescence students were selected by purposive sampling and data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire, it was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result shows highly significant difference between pre and post test knowledge scores and no significant association between the pre test scores when compared
to the demographic variables of adolescence. The researcher concluded that video assisted teaching program was effective in providing the knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents.
Needs, Demands and Reality of People with Neuromuscular Disorders Users of Wheelchair by Thais Pousada in Examines in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Exploring Quality of Life and Mental Health Related Concerns among Adults wit...Ayesha Yaqoob
This study explored the quality of life and mental health of 66 adults with physical disabilities in Pakistan. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF scale and mental health was assessed using the GHQ-12. The results showed a significant inverse relationship between quality of life and mental health, indicating that better quality of life was associated with better mental health. Regression analysis also showed that quality of life significantly predicts mental health and accounts for 35% of the variation in mental health scores. It was concluded that quality of life affects the mental health of adults with disabilities, so that lower quality of life is associated with greater mental health problems.
This study aims to develop and evaluate an interactive video intervention to reduce low back pain (LBP) and related disability. Eighty participants with LBP referred to health centers will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will view two video sessions discussing positive beliefs about physical activity and demonstrating exercises. Outcomes on physical activity, pain, disability, anxiety, and depression will be measured before and after for both groups. The study may provide a low-cost alternative LBP intervention through changing beliefs and teaching self-management exercises.
The influence of barriers on the active sports Participation among medical an...Dr. Mohammed Abou Elmagd
Physical activity barriers can affect the student’s participation in sports in response to the concern that medical college students face different difficulties and fall under tremendous stressors, which can interfere with the desired academic performance. The current study aimed to identify the barriers hindering the effective students’ participation in physical activities at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University. The study demonstrated significant negative correlation between physical activity and overload of study (r = -0.305 p<0.001). However, the correlation was higher for female students with significant difference. Correlation among colleges showed significant correlation with the lack of facilities. This study will allow concerned people to find solutions and increase students participation in physical activities, which in turn promotes positive self-esteem and gives them confidence to do things and confront social challenges and ultimately improve their academic performance.
This document summarizes Brian Goodroad's DNP capstone project which aimed to integrate evidence-based renal care guidelines into two adult HIV clinics. The project involved assessing current practice, reviewing guidelines and literature, educating staff, and implementing adapted guidelines. Pre- and post-implementation data was collected on renal evaluations. Preliminary results found improved adherence to recommended evaluations after implementing the guidelines and an educational intervention.
Falls are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries in the older adult population. After a fall, many individuals become fearful that they will fall, and reduce their participation in activities. This reduction in activities, called constraints, cascades into poorer physical, emotional, and cognitive health. In this study, older adults participated in a Hatha yoga intervention led by a yoga therapist, which was designed to determine if this was feasible and acceptable in older adults, and to determine if yoga helped to reduce leisure constraints. Leisure constraints were reduced over the 12-week period, and more dramatically for individuals who had fallen in the past six-months, compared to those who had not fallen in the past six-months. The data reported here also support that the intervention was feasible and acceptable. Implications for future research and practice are included.
This document summarizes a study that aimed to predict factors influencing stretching exercise behavior among office employees based on Pender's Health Promotion Model. The study used questionnaires to assess interpersonal influences, situational influences, and stretching exercise behavior in 420 office employees. Results showed a significant relationship between interpersonal influence and stretching exercise, but not between situational influence and stretching exercise. Interpersonal influences were found to strongly predict stretching exercise behavior. Therefore, the study concluded that interpersonal factors could be an important principle for health education programs to promote stretching exercise behavior according to Pender's model.
This summary provides the key information from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses a systematic review conducted to identify health state values for Huntington's disease (HD) reported in published literature. Only two papers were found that reported health state values for HD using the EQ-5D instrument. The review assessed the methods used to obtain health state values and investigated the content validity of the EQ-5D for measuring quality of life in people with HD.
Impact of a designed nursing intervention protocol on myocardial infarction p...Alexander Decker
This study examined the impact of a designed nursing intervention protocol on myocardial infarction patients' outcomes at a university hospital in Egypt. Forty adult myocardial infarction patients were included. The study found that after exposure to the nursing intervention protocol, patients had significantly higher total mean knowledge scores and total mean practice scores. It also found that patients had medium to high levels of compliance to lifelong instructions. The results support the hypotheses that the nursing intervention protocol improved patients' knowledge, practices, and compliance. The study concluded that a nursing intervention protocol can have a positive impact on myocardial infarction patient outcomes.
Crimson Publishers-Functionality and Attitudes in Relation to Aging of Elderl...CrimsonPublishersGGS
Functionality and Attitudes in Relation to Aging of Elderly Women Practicing Physical Exercises by Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira in Gerontology & Geriatrics studies
The objective was to verify the attitudes regarding old age and the functional capacity of elderly women practicing physical exercises. This is a cross-sectional study, realized with 200 women. The Functional Protocol of the Latin American Development Group for Maturity (GDLAM) and the Scale for Assessment of Attitudes in Relation to Old Age was used. There was a significant correlation only in the stand up from sitting position test, with the domains of expectations regarding activity (r=-0.31), satisfaction with life (r=0.38) and death anxiety (r=-0.27). It can be concluded that there is correlation between some domains of the functional capacity test and the attitudes towards old age.
This document summarizes a capstone project that assessed the knowledge of RN case managers regarding evidence-based nutritional guidelines for heart failure patients. A survey was distributed to RN case managers to evaluate their confidence level and knowledge of guidelines around sodium and fluid intake. The results identified several knowledge deficits and indicated a need for increased education and support from leadership to ensure nurses have the most up-to-date clinical guidelines. Suggested changes included implementing regular educational requirements for nurses and allocating more time for nurses to obtain necessary knowledge to properly educate patients.
Effect of socio economic status on the effective students participation in ph...Dr. Mohammed Abou Elmagd
The socio-economic status make-up of an individual Influences habitual physical activity and plays an important role in one’s achievements in every field of life, including performance in sports. The current study aimed to assess the effect of socio-economic status determined by parental education and family income on the effective students’ participation in physical activity sessions at RAK Medical& Health Sciences University. The study demonstrated significant positive correlation between physical activity levels of the students and mother education (r=0.139, p=0.05) and family income (r = 0.182, p= 0.01), while father education had no significant effect on the level of students’ physical activity (r =0.030, p=0.676). Conversely, a significant negative correlation was noted between the physical activity levels of the students and number of family members (r = -0.130, p= 0.068). The study also revealed that the majority (114/198, 52%) of students were in the medium socio-economic status category. In addition, students with low socio-economic status were more likely to display low physical activity whereas students with high socio-economic status were more likely to display high physical activity.
Elderly compliance to physical therapy programs is an important issue, as noncompliance can lead to negative health outcomes. Studies have found that one-third to two-thirds of patients are not fully compliant with prescribed exercises. The Health Belief Model and Self-Determination Theory can help explain factors influencing compliance. Key factors include a patient's perceived susceptibility, severity of their condition, barriers/benefits to treatment, and level of intrinsic motivation. Improving patient education and autonomy support can increase long-term compliance to physical therapy programs.
Evidence based physical activity for school age youthbeatriz9911
This document summarizes an expert panel's review of evidence on the effects of physical activity on health outcomes in school-age youth. The panel identified over 850 relevant articles through a systematic search. They found:
1) Most intervention studies showed benefits of 30-45 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity 3-5 days per week. However, the panel believed greater amounts would be needed for benefits under normal circumstances.
2) The panel concluded that school-age youth should participate in 60 minutes or more per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity from a variety of activities.
3) Physical activity was associated with reduced adiposity, especially for overweight youth, and improved cardiovascular health factors like blood lipid levels and aer
ABSTRACT- Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is an important clinical, social, economic, and public health problem
affecting the population indiscriminately. It is a disorder with many possible etiologies, occurring in many groups of the
population, and with many definitions. Nearly everyone will experience some form of back pain in his or her lifetime.
Materials ans& Methods: The current study is a cross sectional study undertaken at Lord Buddha Koshi Medical
College, Saharsa, Bihar, India from Aug 2015 to Dec 2015. The objective of this study was to see the age specific
prevalence of low back pain among 400 subjects visiting the Orthopedics OPD of the hospital. The age range of the study
participants were 25 years to 65 years. The national guidelines of LBP diagnosis is used as diagnostic criteria.
Results: Overall prevalence of LBP was found as 31.25%. The highest prevalence was seen in 55-65 years age group.
Age had positive association & important risk factors of increasing burden of LBP.
Conclusion: LBP is an important health problem & affecting all age groups and it is responsible for a great economic loss
of any country.
Key-words- Low Back Pain, Prevalence, Public Health
The College of Nursing and Health Innovation at the University of Texas at Arlington has been recognized as a Center of Excellence in Nursing Education by the National League for Nursing. Researchers in kinesiology and nursing are collaborating to find new ways to improve cardiovascular health. A new "Smart Care" apartment at a senior living community utilizes sensors and technology to help older adults live independently longer.
The document outlines the capstone project process for a nursing student at Indiana Wesleyan University. It includes a problem statement aiming to decrease work stressors for nursing staff at Cincinnati Children's Hospital's bone marrow transplant unit through a resiliency training program. It then provides background information on nursing stress and the impact of resiliency training. Finally, it outlines the activities and timeline for the capstone project, including developing pre/post-tests and an educational presentation on stress management and delivering it to nursing staff.
EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL INDEPENDENCE OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES AND ITS COR...Shabana2428
The document discusses several research studies related to physical independence and participation in physical activities for children with disabilities:
1. One study examined the gap between independence and frequency of participation in daily activities for children with disabilities in Taiwan. It found that restrictions in frequency of participation were greater than restrictions in independence, especially in neighborhood settings.
2. Another study identified important quality of life domains for children with cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities through parent interviews, such as physical health, social connections, and access to services.
3. A third study explored perceptions of post-traumatic growth in spinal cord injured athletes participating in parasports and found benefits like improved physical functioning and identity.
4. The document discusses several
Physical Activity Level Analyses and Chronic-Degenerative Disease Risks In Do...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- It is of common belief that physical activity can restore damages caused to people's health due to the stressful everyday work routine. The energy expenditure on physical activities is directly related to the frequency, duration and intensity of human movements developed on many tasks. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate this energy consumption in public school teachers from the city of Horizonte, Ceara, discussing about degenerative chronic disease risks. 30 teachers, 9 men and 21 women within the age of 25 to 59 years old, were evaluated. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in order to classify them as normal, overweight and obese. As an instrument, the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) was used, once it is more recommended to national prevalence studies due to the possibility of international comparison. This instrument contains several questions related to frequency (days per week) and duration (time per day) spent on moderate and vigorous physical activities and walking. The questionnarie also captures the energy expenditure in METs, in order to classify the selected individuals according to intensity: “sedentary” (< 1,5 METs), “low” (1,5 < METs < 3,0), “moderate” (3,9 < METs < 5,9) and “high” (≥ 6,0 METs). These analyses were performed using the Epi Info™ program, which used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the teachers present a good level of physical activity with 46,67% classified as high, 40% as moderate and 13,13% as low. The individuals also presented significant degree of overweight and obesity, 43% and 34% respectively, and only 23% within the acceptable weight range. Therefore, it could be concluded that, among the modifiable risk factors, the physical activity and the body mass control play important roles when it comes to chronic-degenerative disease prevention
Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module on Effects of Substance Abuse...Abilittin James Benitto
Substance abuse has become a major problem in any growing society, the pattern of consumption of medical and non-medical use of drugs by preadolescents, adolescents and young adults, is both complex and changing. It’s mainly due to adventurous and risk-taking behaviours, acceptable to peers, curiosity to acquaint oneself with the ecstatic experiences or due to an inner urge to avoid frustrations and boredom. Substance abuse during secondary schools, colleges and universities is a serious problem in society. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge on effects of substance abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents by evaluating the effectiveness of video assisted teaching module and to find out the association between the pre test level of knowledge on effects of substance abuse on health among adolescence with selected demographic variables. A quasi-experimental pre and post test design without control group with experimental approach was undertaken for this study. 70 adolescence students were selected by purposive sampling and data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire, it was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result shows highly significant difference between pre and post test knowledge scores and no significant association between the pre test scores when compared
to the demographic variables of adolescence. The researcher concluded that video assisted teaching program was effective in providing the knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents.
Needs, Demands and Reality of People with Neuromuscular Disorders Users of Wheelchair by Thais Pousada in Examines in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Exploring Quality of Life and Mental Health Related Concerns among Adults wit...Ayesha Yaqoob
This study explored the quality of life and mental health of 66 adults with physical disabilities in Pakistan. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF scale and mental health was assessed using the GHQ-12. The results showed a significant inverse relationship between quality of life and mental health, indicating that better quality of life was associated with better mental health. Regression analysis also showed that quality of life significantly predicts mental health and accounts for 35% of the variation in mental health scores. It was concluded that quality of life affects the mental health of adults with disabilities, so that lower quality of life is associated with greater mental health problems.
This study aims to develop and evaluate an interactive video intervention to reduce low back pain (LBP) and related disability. Eighty participants with LBP referred to health centers will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will view two video sessions discussing positive beliefs about physical activity and demonstrating exercises. Outcomes on physical activity, pain, disability, anxiety, and depression will be measured before and after for both groups. The study may provide a low-cost alternative LBP intervention through changing beliefs and teaching self-management exercises.
The influence of barriers on the active sports Participation among medical an...Dr. Mohammed Abou Elmagd
Physical activity barriers can affect the student’s participation in sports in response to the concern that medical college students face different difficulties and fall under tremendous stressors, which can interfere with the desired academic performance. The current study aimed to identify the barriers hindering the effective students’ participation in physical activities at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University. The study demonstrated significant negative correlation between physical activity and overload of study (r = -0.305 p<0.001). However, the correlation was higher for female students with significant difference. Correlation among colleges showed significant correlation with the lack of facilities. This study will allow concerned people to find solutions and increase students participation in physical activities, which in turn promotes positive self-esteem and gives them confidence to do things and confront social challenges and ultimately improve their academic performance.
This document summarizes Brian Goodroad's DNP capstone project which aimed to integrate evidence-based renal care guidelines into two adult HIV clinics. The project involved assessing current practice, reviewing guidelines and literature, educating staff, and implementing adapted guidelines. Pre- and post-implementation data was collected on renal evaluations. Preliminary results found improved adherence to recommended evaluations after implementing the guidelines and an educational intervention.
Falls are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries in the older adult population. After a fall, many individuals become fearful that they will fall, and reduce their participation in activities. This reduction in activities, called constraints, cascades into poorer physical, emotional, and cognitive health. In this study, older adults participated in a Hatha yoga intervention led by a yoga therapist, which was designed to determine if this was feasible and acceptable in older adults, and to determine if yoga helped to reduce leisure constraints. Leisure constraints were reduced over the 12-week period, and more dramatically for individuals who had fallen in the past six-months, compared to those who had not fallen in the past six-months. The data reported here also support that the intervention was feasible and acceptable. Implications for future research and practice are included.
This document summarizes a study that aimed to predict factors influencing stretching exercise behavior among office employees based on Pender's Health Promotion Model. The study used questionnaires to assess interpersonal influences, situational influences, and stretching exercise behavior in 420 office employees. Results showed a significant relationship between interpersonal influence and stretching exercise, but not between situational influence and stretching exercise. Interpersonal influences were found to strongly predict stretching exercise behavior. Therefore, the study concluded that interpersonal factors could be an important principle for health education programs to promote stretching exercise behavior according to Pender's model.
This summary provides the key information from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses a systematic review conducted to identify health state values for Huntington's disease (HD) reported in published literature. Only two papers were found that reported health state values for HD using the EQ-5D instrument. The review assessed the methods used to obtain health state values and investigated the content validity of the EQ-5D for measuring quality of life in people with HD.
Impact of a designed nursing intervention protocol on myocardial infarction p...Alexander Decker
This study examined the impact of a designed nursing intervention protocol on myocardial infarction patients' outcomes at a university hospital in Egypt. Forty adult myocardial infarction patients were included. The study found that after exposure to the nursing intervention protocol, patients had significantly higher total mean knowledge scores and total mean practice scores. It also found that patients had medium to high levels of compliance to lifelong instructions. The results support the hypotheses that the nursing intervention protocol improved patients' knowledge, practices, and compliance. The study concluded that a nursing intervention protocol can have a positive impact on myocardial infarction patient outcomes.
Crimson Publishers-Functionality and Attitudes in Relation to Aging of Elderl...CrimsonPublishersGGS
Functionality and Attitudes in Relation to Aging of Elderly Women Practicing Physical Exercises by Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira in Gerontology & Geriatrics studies
The objective was to verify the attitudes regarding old age and the functional capacity of elderly women practicing physical exercises. This is a cross-sectional study, realized with 200 women. The Functional Protocol of the Latin American Development Group for Maturity (GDLAM) and the Scale for Assessment of Attitudes in Relation to Old Age was used. There was a significant correlation only in the stand up from sitting position test, with the domains of expectations regarding activity (r=-0.31), satisfaction with life (r=0.38) and death anxiety (r=-0.27). It can be concluded that there is correlation between some domains of the functional capacity test and the attitudes towards old age.
This document summarizes a capstone project that assessed the knowledge of RN case managers regarding evidence-based nutritional guidelines for heart failure patients. A survey was distributed to RN case managers to evaluate their confidence level and knowledge of guidelines around sodium and fluid intake. The results identified several knowledge deficits and indicated a need for increased education and support from leadership to ensure nurses have the most up-to-date clinical guidelines. Suggested changes included implementing regular educational requirements for nurses and allocating more time for nurses to obtain necessary knowledge to properly educate patients.
Effect of socio economic status on the effective students participation in ph...Dr. Mohammed Abou Elmagd
The socio-economic status make-up of an individual Influences habitual physical activity and plays an important role in one’s achievements in every field of life, including performance in sports. The current study aimed to assess the effect of socio-economic status determined by parental education and family income on the effective students’ participation in physical activity sessions at RAK Medical& Health Sciences University. The study demonstrated significant positive correlation between physical activity levels of the students and mother education (r=0.139, p=0.05) and family income (r = 0.182, p= 0.01), while father education had no significant effect on the level of students’ physical activity (r =0.030, p=0.676). Conversely, a significant negative correlation was noted between the physical activity levels of the students and number of family members (r = -0.130, p= 0.068). The study also revealed that the majority (114/198, 52%) of students were in the medium socio-economic status category. In addition, students with low socio-economic status were more likely to display low physical activity whereas students with high socio-economic status were more likely to display high physical activity.
Elderly compliance to physical therapy programs is an important issue, as noncompliance can lead to negative health outcomes. Studies have found that one-third to two-thirds of patients are not fully compliant with prescribed exercises. The Health Belief Model and Self-Determination Theory can help explain factors influencing compliance. Key factors include a patient's perceived susceptibility, severity of their condition, barriers/benefits to treatment, and level of intrinsic motivation. Improving patient education and autonomy support can increase long-term compliance to physical therapy programs.
Evidence based physical activity for school age youthbeatriz9911
This document summarizes an expert panel's review of evidence on the effects of physical activity on health outcomes in school-age youth. The panel identified over 850 relevant articles through a systematic search. They found:
1) Most intervention studies showed benefits of 30-45 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity 3-5 days per week. However, the panel believed greater amounts would be needed for benefits under normal circumstances.
2) The panel concluded that school-age youth should participate in 60 minutes or more per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity from a variety of activities.
3) Physical activity was associated with reduced adiposity, especially for overweight youth, and improved cardiovascular health factors like blood lipid levels and aer
ABSTRACT- Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is an important clinical, social, economic, and public health problem
affecting the population indiscriminately. It is a disorder with many possible etiologies, occurring in many groups of the
population, and with many definitions. Nearly everyone will experience some form of back pain in his or her lifetime.
Materials ans& Methods: The current study is a cross sectional study undertaken at Lord Buddha Koshi Medical
College, Saharsa, Bihar, India from Aug 2015 to Dec 2015. The objective of this study was to see the age specific
prevalence of low back pain among 400 subjects visiting the Orthopedics OPD of the hospital. The age range of the study
participants were 25 years to 65 years. The national guidelines of LBP diagnosis is used as diagnostic criteria.
Results: Overall prevalence of LBP was found as 31.25%. The highest prevalence was seen in 55-65 years age group.
Age had positive association & important risk factors of increasing burden of LBP.
Conclusion: LBP is an important health problem & affecting all age groups and it is responsible for a great economic loss
of any country.
Key-words- Low Back Pain, Prevalence, Public Health
The College of Nursing and Health Innovation at the University of Texas at Arlington has been recognized as a Center of Excellence in Nursing Education by the National League for Nursing. Researchers in kinesiology and nursing are collaborating to find new ways to improve cardiovascular health. A new "Smart Care" apartment at a senior living community utilizes sensors and technology to help older adults live independently longer.
The document outlines the capstone project process for a nursing student at Indiana Wesleyan University. It includes a problem statement aiming to decrease work stressors for nursing staff at Cincinnati Children's Hospital's bone marrow transplant unit through a resiliency training program. It then provides background information on nursing stress and the impact of resiliency training. Finally, it outlines the activities and timeline for the capstone project, including developing pre/post-tests and an educational presentation on stress management and delivering it to nursing staff.
EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL INDEPENDENCE OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES AND ITS COR...Shabana2428
The document discusses several research studies related to physical independence and participation in physical activities for children with disabilities:
1. One study examined the gap between independence and frequency of participation in daily activities for children with disabilities in Taiwan. It found that restrictions in frequency of participation were greater than restrictions in independence, especially in neighborhood settings.
2. Another study identified important quality of life domains for children with cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities through parent interviews, such as physical health, social connections, and access to services.
3. A third study explored perceptions of post-traumatic growth in spinal cord injured athletes participating in parasports and found benefits like improved physical functioning and identity.
4. The document discusses several
Physical Activity Level Analyses and Chronic-Degenerative Disease Risks In Do...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- It is of common belief that physical activity can restore damages caused to people's health due to the stressful everyday work routine. The energy expenditure on physical activities is directly related to the frequency, duration and intensity of human movements developed on many tasks. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate this energy consumption in public school teachers from the city of Horizonte, Ceara, discussing about degenerative chronic disease risks. 30 teachers, 9 men and 21 women within the age of 25 to 59 years old, were evaluated. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in order to classify them as normal, overweight and obese. As an instrument, the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) was used, once it is more recommended to national prevalence studies due to the possibility of international comparison. This instrument contains several questions related to frequency (days per week) and duration (time per day) spent on moderate and vigorous physical activities and walking. The questionnarie also captures the energy expenditure in METs, in order to classify the selected individuals according to intensity: “sedentary” (< 1,5 METs), “low” (1,5 < METs < 3,0), “moderate” (3,9 < METs < 5,9) and “high” (≥ 6,0 METs). These analyses were performed using the Epi Info™ program, which used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the teachers present a good level of physical activity with 46,67% classified as high, 40% as moderate and 13,13% as low. The individuals also presented significant degree of overweight and obesity, 43% and 34% respectively, and only 23% within the acceptable weight range. Therefore, it could be concluded that, among the modifiable risk factors, the physical activity and the body mass control play important roles when it comes to chronic-degenerative disease prevention
Full paper physical actvity ,mental health and quality of life of athletesalonzo mortejo
This study examined the physical activity, mental health, and quality of life of 176 university student athletes in the Philippines amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires on physical activity, quality of life, and mental health. Qualitative data from interviews identified key coping strategies used by athletes, including maintaining a positive mindset, family support, prayer, and staying productive. The findings provide insight into how the pandemic has impacted athletes and will help inform policies to support their needs during this difficult time.
This study examined the feasibility of using Fitbit Flex activity trackers in a 7-week walking program for 12 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Participants received weekly step count goals and meetings to discuss physical activity. Most participants increased daily step counts, and reported improvements in performance and satisfaction with activities. While no changes in body composition were found, participants identified the Fitbit, step count increases, and praise as motivators for physical activity. Medication side effects were the primary barrier reported. The study demonstrates that wearable trackers may help track and encourage walking in individuals with SSD.
The document summarizes research on the relationship between physical exercise and mental health. It discusses studies that analyzed data from over 1 million individuals which found those who exercised regularly reported fewer days of poor mental health. It also describes a study that examined the effects of running at least 30 minutes per day on 60 participants' mood, finding a significant association between increased physical activity and more positive moods.
The primary onset of this study is to determine the short and longer term effects of dual task training gait on walking performance when dual tasking in people with Parkinson’s disease.. The aim of the study is to analyze the efficacy of dual task training to improve functional gait performance in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease subjects. Design and setting: A randomized controlled study design was used to examine the differences in conventional therapeutic exercises and conventional therapeutic exercises with specific external cueing strategies given between two groups. Subjects: A sample of 10 subjects with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease was screened using Timed up and go test (TUG Test) and those who scored 24% less was taken for the study .the subjects were of both genders aged between 50-75 years of age with medically stable patients. They were divided into two groups of control and experimental group.the study was done in Masterskill College of nursing and health. Outcome Measurement: Functional gait performance will be measured using the timed up and Go (TUG) test with added motor and cognitive tasks, participants will be asked to walk as quickly as they safely can under all conditions and will be permitted to use their usual gait aid. Results: Data Analysis of the subjects after dual task training led to a greater improvement in functional walking capacity and step length. The average percentage of improvement in timed up and go test is 53%. Conclusion: According to this study Dual task training had improved step length and functional walking capacity in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.
Digital technologies may increase physical activity levels and long-term adherence. Regarding dietary behaviour, sedentary older adults are at risk of protein deficiency if their protein intake is limited. These facts will serve as the basis for developing novel approaches, strategies and guidelines.
*Acknowledgments: This presentation is based upon work from COST Action, CA20104 "Network on evidence-based physical activity in old age" (PhysAgeNet) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). We would like to thank Working Group-3 members, who contributed to the development of this presentation writing Scoping Review. Without them, it would not have been possible. Thank you for your patience and infinite support. https://www.cost.eu/; https://physagenet.eu/
A Master’s Thesis for OTH-670- Research Seminar IIJulia Christian
This document appears to be a thesis submitted by two occupational therapy students to fulfill requirements for a master's degree. It includes an abstract that summarizes a study on the effects of physical activity on adolescent well-being. The thesis contains sections on literature review, methods, results, and discussion. The literature review explores trends in adolescent physical activity, definitions of wellness, the impact of physical activity on different aspects of wellness, and environmental factors related to physical activity. The purpose is to examine the association between physical activity and adolescent wellness. The methods section describes the mixed methods study design, including surveys distributed to high school students to collect data on physical activity and wellness. The results and discussion sections analyze and interpret the findings of
Effectiveness of Gardening Therapy in Intergrating People with Mental illness into the Society
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Perceived barriers to exercise in people with spinal cord injury igbenito777
This document summarizes a study that surveyed 72 individuals with spinal cord injuries about perceived barriers to exercise. The top barriers reported were lack of motivation, lack of energy, cost of exercise programs, lack of knowledge about where to exercise, and lack of interest. Barriers related to accessibility of facilities and lack of knowledgeable instructors were also commonly reported. Those with tetraplegia reported greater concerns about exercise difficulty and health limitations. Reporting more barriers was associated with higher stress levels. The study aims to identify barriers to help increase participation in exercise, which can improve health outcomes for those with spinal cord injuries.
Running head: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SELF-EFFICACY 1
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SELF-EFFICACY 2
The Relationship between Physical Activity and Self-Efficacy in Schools
Abstract
Few studies have examined the relationship between physical activities and health outcomes among adolescents. The majority of the adult population knows much about health-risk behaviours of adolescents, and knows less about their health-promoting behaviours. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between physical activity levels and self-efficacy among adolescents.
Introduction
According to Start Active, regular physical activity associates with benefits for physical and mental health (as cited in Roberts et al, 2015). Studies have indicated that health life traits and styles have an impact on lifelong health and life quality. Childhood poor diet and physical inactivity have been risk factors for a multitude of chronic health condition in adulthood (Matthews et al, 2015). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for children, only 42% of children and 8% of adolescents achieve current recommended physical activity.
Most students studying in Hoca Ahment Yesevi University were hound to have health issues emanating from lack of physical exercise and personal fitness programs (Ozkan, 2015). Up to 70 per cent of university students are reported as not participating in regular free-time physical activity or exercise (Haase et al, 2004, as cited in Roberts et al, 2014). Simon et al (2015) mentioned that majority of the adult population fails to achieve recommended daily exercise, 30-minutes moderate intensity exercise. When physical activity is conducted regularly as the researchers found out, it is likely to improve the physical fitness of the students and generally of people and therefore contributing heavily to better healthy life styles. Achieving daily exercise was shown to promote better sleep quality and higher psychological functioning in adolescents (Kalak et al, 2012, as cited in Rew et al, 2015).
Styles and activities that promote the health of humans increase their chances of wellbeing and therefore promote healthy living. In achieving well-being in health, there must be a mentioned engagement in activities which are likely to enhance the same such as proper exercises and fitness methods. Health promotion takes quite a multidimensional structure, that is, intellectual, mental, physical and social and therefore a number of behaviours which are meant at promoting behaviours are identified by health professionals and other researchers. These behaviours include life appreciation, stress management, health responsibility, social support, exercise and better nutrition. Therefore a general conclusion is arrived at that physical activity and exercise have an impact on the quality of human life and can actually aid its improveme.
This document summarizes a study on the challenges and opportunities for physical activity among teaching and non-teaching personnel at selected state universities in Central Luzon, Philippines. The study found that non-teaching personnel reported higher levels of physical activity in their jobs compared to teaching personnel. Both groups reported high levels of physical activity in transportation, housework, and leisure, but also spent significant time sitting. The main challenges to physical activity were limited promotion programs, lack of tailored and individual programs, and limited links between work and external physical activity opportunities. The study concludes that workplace wellness programs could help address challenges and maintain existing high physical activity levels among university personnel.
Hilton.Exergaming to improve physical and mental fitness in ASD.2015Claudia Hilton
This study investigated using an exergame called the Makoto arena to improve executive function and motor skills in 17 school-aged children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The study found improvements in all areas of executive function, including significant improvements in overall executive function and metacognition. Motor skills also improved in most areas, with significant gains in strength and agility. Participants increased their response speed, showing exergames may benefit children with autism by improving executive function and motor performance.
Self-rated health and its determinants among older people living in the rural...iosrjce
The document summarizes a study that assessed self-rated health (SRH) and its determinants among older people living in rural Sri Lanka. The study found that the majority of respondents reported fair or poor SRH. Presence of chronic kidney disease was the strongest determinant of poor SRH. Other significant determinants of poor SRH included no formal education, unemployment, low income, hypertension, arthritis, neurological problems, asthma, and cataract/vision problems. The findings suggest a need for effective health promotion strategies and prevention/management of chronic diseases to improve overall health among older people in Sri Lanka.
Physical activity healthy people 2020 pdfErin Thornton
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG) provides science-based guidelines to help Americans aged 6 and older improve their health through appropriate physical activity. The PAG was first released in 2008 and is part of Healthy People 2020. Healthy People 2020 guidelines recommend that children and adolescents get at least 60 minutes of moderate physical activity per week, while adults aim for 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week. However, over 80% of US adults and adolescents do not meet these physical activity guidelines.
The Study on Concept of Fitness Awareness in Primary School Teachersiosrjce
The purpose of the study was to collect information about fitness awareness of school teacher, a
section of educated mass. Fitness is now a very popular term ever one wants to be keep fit in this modern highly
technological society. India slowly but steadily growing its fitness awareness. Total 130 school teachers were
servant from seven schools in West Bengal State in India .A fitness awareness questionnaire was development
from the previous work and with the help of the experts. In the fitness awareness questionnaire there were eight
subunits as stated here , unit I-Rest and Sleep, unit ii-Diet, unit iii- Exercise , unit iv-Stress, unit- v-Avoid
smoking , alcohol and drugs , unit vi-To maintains a healthy body weight , unit vii -Protect from disease and
injury, unit viii- maintenance of fitness. - Most of the school teacher was aware about fitness. But they were not
involved themselves that much for the maintenance as a whole .A nation wise campaign for the maintenance of
fitness is recommended
Global mental health is a significant public health issue, with around 450 million people worldwide suffering from neuropsychiatric conditions. Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Large international studies like the 10/66 study have helped measure the prevalence of mental disorders across different countries and cultures, finding that conditions like dementia and depression are highly prevalent and associated with substantial disability. However, there remain many barriers to improving mental health globally, including insufficient funding, stigma, and lack of trained healthcare workers. Advocacy is needed to promote human rights and reduce treatment gaps for mental disorders.
1. The study explored exercise behavior and knowledge of physical exercise among 196 type 2 diabetes patients in Thailand.
2. Most patients (65.8%) exercised regularly at least 3 times per week, with walking being the most common activity (67%).
3. While most patients exercised regularly, some lacked full knowledge about exercise principles. For example, only 50.5% knew the proper aerobic exercise frequency.
4. The researchers will use the results to provide more targeted patient education on exercise for diabetes management going forward.
Series294 www.thelancet.com Vol 380 July 21, 2012L.docxklinda1
Series
294 www.thelancet.com Vol 380 July 21, 2012
Lancet 2012; 380: 294–305
Published Online
July 18, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(12)60898-8
This is the fi fth in a Series of
fi ve papers about physical activity
*Members listed at end of paper
University of Texas Health
Science Center, Houston School
of Public Health, and University
of Texas at Austin Department
of Kinesiology and Health
Education, Austin, TX, USA
(Prof H W Kohl 3rd PhD);
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle
Research Institute, Ottawa, ON,
Canada, and School of Public
Health, University of Sydney,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
(C L Craig MSc); UCT/MRC
Research Unit for Exercise
Science and Sports Medicine,
Department of Human Biology,
Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of Cape Town, Cape
Town, South Africa
(Prof E V Lambert PhD); Tokyo
Medical University, Department
of Preventive Medicine and
Physical Activity 5
The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for
public health
Harold W Kohl 3rd, Cora Lynn Craig, Estelle Victoria Lambert, Shigeru Inoue, Jasem Ramadan Alkandari, Grit Leetongin, Sonja Kahlmeier, for the
Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group*
Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. We summarise present global eff orts to counteract
this problem and point the way forward to address the pandemic of physical inactivity. Although evidence for the
benefi ts of physical activity for health has been available since the 1950s, promotion to improve the health of populations
has lagged in relation to the available evidence and has only recently developed an identifi able infrastructure, including
eff orts in planning, policy, leadership and advocacy, workforce training and development, and monitoring and
surveillance. The reasons for this late start are myriad, multifactorial, and complex. This infrastructure should continue
to be formed, intersectoral approaches are essential to advance, and advocacy remains a key pillar. Although there is a
need to build global capacity based on the present foundations, a systems approach that focuses on populations and
the complex interactions among the correlates of physical inactivity, rather than solely a behavioural science approach
focusing on individuals, is the way forward to increase physical activity worldwide.
The pandemic of physical inactivity should be a
public health priority
Theoretically, prioritisation for public health action is
informed largely by three factors: the prevalence and
trends of a health disorder; the magnitude of the risk
associated with exposure to that disorder; and evidence
for eff ective prevention and control. A practice or
behaviour that is clearly related to a health disorder, is
prevalent, and is static or increasing in its prevalence
should be a primary target for public health policy for
disease prevention and health promotion. Too often,
however, the inertia of tradition, pressure .
Cognitive Benefits of Exercise for Children and TeensMark Dreher PhD
The brain evolves during our childhood years as it continues to develop and is affected by lifestyle habits such as physical activity, cognitive activity, nutrition and sleep.
Although there is growing scientific evidence that exercise is associated with improved cognitive function, academic performance, and overall health in children, the limited amount of time generally dedicated to physical activity during the school day continues to decline in many schools.
The activity requirements for healthy brain and cognitive function are really relatively modest. For children, moderate aerobic activity of about 60 minutes a day can make a big difference, especially in children that are currently low-performers. There is work to be done in the United States and other countries to meet these activity goals as only about 30% of high school students achieve them.
This presentation provides a current summary of the human research on aerobic exercise and cognitive function in children and teens.
Mark Dreher PhD
Similar to Assessment of Physical Activity Level in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities - Users of Habilitation Programs (20)
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
2. Ivana Crnković, et al., Annals of Physiotherapy Clinics
Remedy Publications LLC. 2018 | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | Article 10052
behavior is certainly ensuring that parents, caregivers and other
persons involved in caring for people with intellectual disabilities
have enough knowledge, skills and sources of support to encourage a
healthy lifestyle. Although the information about the importance of
physical activities to health may alone not be sufficient to encourage
them to change their health behavior, it is very important that
people with intellectual disabilities perceive the benefits of physical
activities. Considering their possible lack of sufficient skills or the
ability to understand how to exercise safely, they may experience
physical activity as too difficult. For this reason, it is important to
include experts who would modify certain activities for specific
user groups. Currently, kinesiologists in the Republic of Croatia are
involved in the framework of reference centres and, if necessary,
physical therapists are involved in the formation of a program for the
inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in organized forms
of physical activities. In addition, the main organization that deals
with the implementation of specific sports and recreational activities
for people with intellectual disabilities is the Croatian National Sports
Federations of the Special Olympics.
Small number of studies in Croatia deals with the assessment of
physical activity in young adults with intellectual disabilities who
are users of rehabilitation centre's and associations. Therefore, the
objectives of this study were:
1. To examine the level of physical activity of young adults with
intellectual disabilities, users of habilitation programs in Zagreb,
2. To examine the relation between socio-demographic
characteristics and the levels of physical activity in the studied
population,
3. To examine the correlation between the estimated quality of
life by parents and the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities
in physical activities.
Methods
Participants
The sample consisted of a total of 23 men and 13 women with
Intellectual Disabilities (ID) who were older than 21 by their
chronological age without an associated psychiatric diagnosis. The
information on the general characteristics of children with intellectual
disabilities was given by their parents (Table 1).
The average age of the persons with intellectual disabilities was 35
years (SD=7.07), the youngest participant being 24-years-old and the
oldest 49-years-old. Considering the degree of intellectual disability,
the majority of subjects belonged to the category of light, 38.9%, and
moderate intellectual disability, 36.1%. Most of the participants had
no other problems (33.3%) and of those who cited the existence of
other problems along with intellectual, physical problems were the
most represented (33.3%). Two study participants used motoric aids
daily.
Measuring instrument
To assess the level of physical activity of adults with intellectual
disabilities the short version of the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ, 2005) was used [12]. IPAQ questionnaire was
developed by researchers from 16 countries at the congress held in
Geneva in 1997, with the goal of standardizing the measurement of
physical activity [13]. The IPAQ questionnaire was a frequently used
instrument in numerous studies whose results confirmed that the
measuring characteristics are satisfactory. In the IPAQ questionnaire
the level of physical activity is estimated as the sum of time (minutes)
and frequency (days in a week) spent in each activity or domain [12].
Calculating the overall result includes summarizing the duration
(in minutes) and frequency (in days) of activities for all types of
activities in each of the domains. Calculating the results in a particular
domain requires summarizing the values calculated for walking,
f %
GENDER
Male 23 63.9
Female 13 36.1
CATEGORY OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Mild intellectual disability 14 38.9
Moderate intellectual disability 13 36.1
Severe intellectual disability 1 2.8
Profound intellectual disability 1 2.8
OTHER DISABILITIES
Physical disabilities 12 33.3
Hearing impairment 1 2.8
Visual impairment 6 16.7
No other disabilities 12 33.3
USE OF A HANDICAP DEVICE
Yes 2 5.6
No 33 91.7
Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of participants (persons with ID).
INCLUSION IN SPORT ACTIVITY
Included 16 44.4
Not included 19 52.8
PLACE OF INCLUSION IN SPORT ACTIVITY
Organized kinesiology as a part of the association/centre 10 27.8
Sports club 5 13.9
THE LEVEL OF INCLUSION IN SPORT ACTIVITY
Recreational 11 30.6
Competitive 5 13.9
Table 2: Sport activities in persons with intellectual disabilities.
N Min. Max. M SD.
MET 36 160 8868 3434.74 2437.199
MET
walking
36 0 6720 973.33 1511.313
MET
moderate
36 0 5040 811.67 1199.356
MET high 36 40 8316 1649.74 1551.657
Table 3: Levels of physical activity (IPAQ) for persons with intellectual disabilities.
CATEGORY f %
LOW LEVEL
<600 MET
4 11.1
MODERATE LEVEL
600-3000 MET
14 38.9
HIGH LEVEL
>3000 MET
18 50.0
OVERALL 36 100
Table 4: Categorical scores for IPAQ.
3. Ivana Crnković, et al., Annals of Physiotherapy Clinics
Remedy Publications LLC. 2018 | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | Article 10053
moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical
activity in that category. The estimated level of physical activity may
be compared to the anticipated norms for the test population in order
to design a strategy to improve the level of physical activity of the
studied population [14]. In this study, a validated Croatian version of
the questionnaire was used.
To assess the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities
the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI, Cummins et al., 2003) was used
[15]. The parents evaluated the quality of life of their children on a
scale between 0 and 10 in response to the question: "How satisfied
are you generally with the life of your child/person with intellectual
disabilities you care for?" For the assessment of the quality of life of
people with intellectual disabilities, the adapted version of the PWI
was used, which is intended for persons with intellectual disabilities
or with other forms of cognitive impairment (Personal Wellbeing
Index Intellectual Disability, PWI-ID) [16]. In order to adjust the
application of questionnaires for people with intellectual disabilities,
the authors' term "satisfaction" in the PWI's for adults was replaced
by the term "happiness". The version of the scale for people with
intellectual disabilities used simpler language in shaping claims and
some claims were modified. In this study a scale with three faces was
used, where faces are subsequently added to numbers (0 - sad, 1-
neither sad nor happy, 2 - happy). The use of the scale was carried out
with the help of employees in the centre or the association where the
testing was conducted. The results obtained in both questionnaires
were transformed to obtain a total score range from 0 to 100 with the
higher scores indicating a greater degree of satisfaction with life [17].
Procedure
The survey was carried out from the beginning of September 2013
to December 2014. The implementation of the research was approved
by the referent centre's and associations for the care of people with
intellectual disabilities over the age of 21 in the City of Zagreb and
the Zagreb County. All subjects were informed on the purpose of the
research and all participants voluntarily agreed to participate in the
research. There was an ethical consent for the parents and children
that participate in this research. Subjects' anonymity was guaranteed
by coding the questionnaires. Parents of the persons with intellectual
disabilities evaluated the level of physical activity (IPAQ) and quality
of life of their children ("How satisfied are you generally with the
life of your child/person with intellectual disabilities you care for?").
Persons with Intellectual Disabilities also evaluated their quality of
life (PWI). The guidelines were at the beginning of the questionnaire.
The time necessary for the completion ranged between 20 min and 30
min. The user database of the centre's was the basis for the selection of
the study population. Given that this was a population of people with
intellectual disabilities and in order for them to understand the task
and fill in questionnaires, data was collected by a structured interview
with parents or caregivers. The draft and the process of research
was designed and made in accordance with the general principles of
human research.
Results
Participation in sport activities
In order to get information on the physical activity of people with
intellectualdisabilities,wegatheredinformationonsportsactivities,as
presented in (Table 2). In our study, almost a half of the subjects were
involved in sport activities, mostly organized through associations or
centre's for the rehabilitation of people with intellectual disabilities,
while other subjects were not involved in sport activities. Most of the
subjects were involved in recreational sports activities, and only a
small number in competitive sports.
Toanswerthefirstobjectiveofourresearch,whichwastoexamine
the level of physical activity of adults with intellectual disabilities, we
showed the basic descriptive parameters of total MET-minutes/week
result achieved in the IPAQ questionnaire (Table 3).
According to the results obtained in this study, the overall level
of physical activity of people with intellectual disabilities, expressed
through MET-minutes/week, was high (M=3434.7). The highest level
of physical activity was obtained for walking.
If the results obtained from the IPAQ are expressed in categories
according to the level of physical activity of participants, we may see
that 50% of people with intellectual disabilities fall into the category of
high-level involvement or "HEPA" active (Health Enhancing Physical
Activity). This indicates that their quantity of physical activity is
sufficient for a healthy lifestyle and has positive effects on their health
(Table 4).
The Link between Socio-Demographic Characteristics,
the Quality of Life and the Level of Physical Activity of
Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
To answer the second objective of the research, we examined
whether there were statistically significant differences in the level of
physical activity due to socio-demographic characteristics of the test
sample. The differences with regard to gender (t= -0.474; p=0.639)
and the category of intellectual disabilities (t=0.012; p=0.991) were
not significant.
The results of the t-test showed that there were no statistically
significant differences in the assessment of the level of physical
activity in adults with intellectual disabilities, depending on their
involvement in sport activities (t=1.302; p=0.2). If we look at the
average values, we may see that those involved in sport activities
had higher levels of physical activity, but there was a great variability
present in the group not involved in any sport, which may partially
explain this result (Table 5).
Given the level of involvement in sport activities, there was
a statistically significant difference (t= -4.342 p=0.001). Based
on average values, we may conclude that adults with intellectual
disabilities involved in competitive sports had higher levels of
physical activity in relation to the experimental group involved in
INCLUSION IN SPORT ACTIVITY N M SD
MET
Included 16 4054.22 1789.773
Not included 19 2976.37 2870.057
THE LEVEL OF INCLUSION IN SPORT ACTIVITY N M SD
MET
Recreational 8 3457.50 1133.529
Competitive 4 6036.00 369.735
Table 5: Descriptive for levels of physical activity related to sport activities.
Other disabilities N M
Physical disabilities 12 1915,83
No other disabilities 12 4323,37
Visual impairment 6 5431,00
Table 6: Descriptive for IPAQ scores regarding other disabilities of persons with
intellectual disabilities.
4. Ivana Crnković, et al., Annals of Physiotherapy Clinics
Remedy Publications LLC. 2018 | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | Article 10054
some recreational form of sport activities (Table 5).
The analysis of variance showed that there was a difference in
the level of physical activity due to the presence of other problems
of people with intellectual disabilities (F=8.280; p=0.002). Post hoc
analysis (Scheffe test) showed that people with physical disabilities
had a significantly lower level of physical activity compared to the
group which did not have additional problems (p=0.017) and the
group with visual difficulties (p=0.004) (the average values are shown
in (Table 6).
In order to gain insight into how adults with intellectual
disabilities assess their quality of life, we calculated the average values
of the customized version of the Index of Personal Well-Being (Table
7).
According to the results obtained in this study, people with
intellectual disabilities achieved better results than the expected
normative range achieved by the healthy population and they evaluate
their quality of life as better than the estimations of their parents.
In accordance with the third set goal, we examined the relation
between the parents' estimation of the quality of life of people
with intellectual disabilities and the involvement of people with
intellectual disabilities in physical activities. In addition, we analyzed
the relation between self-assessment of the quality of life of people
with intellectual disabilities and the level of their physical activity.
There was a positive correlation between the quality of life estimated
by parents and the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities
in physical activity. The self-assessment of the quality of life was not
associated with the level of physical activity (Table 8).
Discussion
The measuring instrument, such as the IPAQ, has proved to be
insufficiently sensitive and applicable for the observed population
in this research, given that the assessment of physical activity was
carried out with the help of parents and caregivers of people with
intellectual disabilities. Also, the obtained high values indicate that
the results should be confirmed with some objective measures for
an accurate determination of the level of physical activity in this
population. Dairo et al. [18] in their review state that between 0%
- 46% of persons with ID met specified physical activity guidelines
measured with different measurement tools, with 46% in study using
IPAQ. In further research, it would be necessary to assess the level of
physical activity with the help of an accelerometer, pedometer and the
measurement of the body mass index. This would provide objective
measurement of physical activity and not depend on the memory
of people with intellectual disabilities or their caregivers on the
amount of physical activity during the day or a week [19]. Although,
objective tools as accelerometer protocols play an important role in
the measurement of physical activity levels in this population, lack of
standardized protocols enables comparing results across studies [20].
The application of the questionnaires a challenge if applied
to people with intellectual disabilities because of their difficulties
in cognitive functioning and difficulties with attention, memory,
generalization and communication, [19]. For this reason, information
about the physical activity in this study was collected from parents or
caregivers. Keeping a diary or regular recording of everyday activities
by parents or staff who work directly with people with intellectual
disabilities is demanding, but gives more insight into the type and the
duration of physical activity [9].
Health promotion, physical activity and the practice of a healthy
diet are the basic components of habilitation programs carried out by
educational rehabilitators, occupational therapists, physiotherapists
and kinesiologists. As a part of the program with expert guidance,
people with intellectual disabilities are actively involved. High scores
in the overall assessment of physical activity of the studied population
may be explained by the fact that all the subjects were users of
centre's and associations for rehabilitation and work activities of
people with intellectual disabilities. As much as 50% of people with
intellectual disabilities in this study had a level of physical activity,
which may be described to have a significant benefit for their health.
Cartwright et al. [21] state three barriers that hindered service users
with intellectual disabilities from regular physical activity: acceptance
of an inactive lifestyle by careers, restriction on activity due to paid
career preferences and resource limitations, communication issues
between family careers and paid careers.
In addition, it should be noted that although 52.8% of subjects
were not included in sport activities, their average performance on
MET-minutes/week were satisfactory and showed an appropriate
level of physical activity. The results of the t-test showed that there
were no statistically significant differences in the level of physical
activity in adults with intellectual disabilities depending on their
active involvement in sport activities. This may partly be attributed
to great versatility in the group of people who were not involved
in sports. Given the level of involvement in sport activities, it was
understood that the persons doing sports, especially those who
participate in competitions, had higher levels of physical activity,
which the analysis demonstrated. Significant differences in the level
of physical activity due to the category of intellectual disabilities were
not observed, although it was indicated by the results of some previous
studies [3]. Very few studies have explored physical activity levels in
people with more severe ID [22]. In this study, we also had only 5.6%
people with more severe ID. There were no gender differences, which
is in concordance with majority of studies on physical activity among
adults with ID [23]. If we consider the average value of walking
and activities of medium and high intensity, we may see that these
variables contributed the most to the high-total MET-minutes/week
result in this sample.
N Min. Max. M SD
PWI children 35 64.29 100.00 89.18 11.409
PWI parents 36 20.00 100.00 63.33 20.284
Table 7: Quality of life (PWI) evaluated by parents and persons with intellectual
disabilities.
MET PWI children
PWI
parents
MET
r 1 0.283 0.359*
p 0.099 0.032
N 36 35 36
PWI children
r 1 0.051
p 0.772
N 35
PWI
parents
r 1
p
N 36
Table 8: Correlations between MET (IPAQ) and quality of life (PWI, by parents
and persons with intellectual disabilities).
*p<0.05
5. Ivana Crnković, et al., Annals of Physiotherapy Clinics
Remedy Publications LLC. 2018 | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | Article 10055
From these results we conclude that physical activity in this
population is an important therapeutic agent and the central point
in defining a plan and a rehabilitation program to be applied in the
centre's and associations for people with intellectual disabilities. The
research results indicate that difficulties, such as physical or visual
disability in people with intellectual disabilities, affect the inclusion
of this population in an organized form of physical activities.
People with multiple disabilities, such as people with cerebral palsy
who, along with intellectual disabilities, also have physical, visual
or hearing disability, are not sufficiently involved in organized
physical activities. Using a technology-aided program (monitoring
responding and ensuring preferred stimulation and encouragements)
for promoting physical activity with severe/profound intellectual and
multiple disabilities was shown to be successful [24]. These results are
a key starting point for the development of strategies for improving
the program of physical activity. Currently in Croatia there is the
FUN fitness program organized by the Croatian Special Olympics
that allows people with multiple impairments to engage in sport
activities. The goals of the FUN fitness program are athletic activities,
not focused only on competition but also on promoting and raising
the public awareness of the need to support people with intellectual
disabilities with multiple impairments. In this sample, we obtained
that most people involved in a sports activity are most frequently
engaged in swimming, followed by bowling. Most of them actively
practice only one activity, while some of them practice two or even
more sports activities.
In this study, parents have also evaluated the quality of life of their
children by answering the question "How satisfied are you generally
with the life of your child/person with intellectual disabilities you care
for?" There is positive correlation between the estimated quality of life
of people with intellectual disabilities and the inclusion of people with
intellectual disabilities in sport activities. Parents and caregivers of
peoplewithintellectualdisabilitiesarethemostimportantprerequisite
for ensuring and determining the quality of life of the child. It has to be
taken into consideration that population with intellectual disabilities
has witnessed a dramatic increase in life expectancy and that support
by family as young adults grow older won't be always available
[25,26]. Therefore, a strategy for successful ageing with intellectual
disability is to focus on modifiable and preventable conditions that
have been found to be predictors of successful ageing in healthy
older adults like exercise and health education [27]. The inclusion of
people with intellectual disabilities in physical activities significantly
determines the quality of life of parents and the whole family. The
self-assessment of the quality of life for people with intellectual
disabilities was not sufficiently reliable. Subjects gave a very high
estimate, which is in line with the results of some studies that also
show that this population has a tendency of giving high assessment
of satisfaction with their life and health [28]. As it was concluded in
discussion of methodological issues in measuring different areas of
functioning in adults with intellectual development, this population
represents a great challenge for investigators [29]. Due to the reduced
self-criticism and their environment, the self-assessment of people
with intellectual disabilities was not a sufficiently reliable and valid
way of assessing the experience and behavior in this population.
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Study
This research provides guidelines for further research related
to physical activity and the quality of life of adults with intellectual
disabilities in the Republic of Croatia. The research also contributes
to the assessment of the level of physical activity of adults with
intellectual disabilities who are users of reference centre's and
associations for rehabilitation and work activities of people with
intellectual disabilities. The practical value of this work is the
specificity of the sample of individuals who belong to a population
of people with intellectual disabilities and are young adults based on
their chronological age. Also, this study points out the importance
of the development of habilitation and rehabilitation intervention
models of the population of people with intellectual disabilities, with
the ultimate goal of achieving a better quality of life for individuals
and their families.
Methodological shortcomings are related to a small and
convenient sample of people with intellectual disabilities and the
used measuring instrument. In future research it may be necessary to
include people with intellectual disabilities from a wider area of the
Croatian territory and those who are not users of reference centre's
and associations for rehabilitation and work activities, also taking
into account the residents of non-urban areas. By doing longitudinal
studies, we could examine the changes in level of physical activity of
people with intellectual disabilities through time, the factors affecting
the inclusion of the study population in organized physical activities,
as well as gather useful information on the link between physical
activities included, physical health and the quality of life. In this
study, the application of the IPAQ questionnaire showed insufficient
sensitivity in the assessment of the level of physical activity in the
tested population. Therefore, in future studies the evaluation of
physical activities should be conducted by using an accelerometer
or pedometer and the measurement of body mass index. All data
collected are based on self-assessments and do not necessarily reflect
objective results, which represents a methodological problem in the
interpretation of the collected data.
Conclusion
In accordance with the set objectives in this study, it was found
that the overall level of physical activity of people with intellectual
disabilities, expressed through MET-minutes/week, is high although
there are no differences considering their involvement in sports
activities. No differences were noticed with regard to gender and
the category of intellectual disability in the level of physical activity.
People with physical disabilities have significantly lower levels of
physical activity compared to the group with no additional problems
and a group with visual impairment.
People with intellectual disabilities assess their quality of life
higher than expected by a normative range achieved by a healthy
population and better results compared to those of their parents.
In conclusion, this study found a positive correlation between the
estimated quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities by their
parents and the level of physical activity of people with intellectual
disabilities. These results confirm the importance of inclusion of this
population in organized physical activities in order to increase the
overall quality of life and health of people with intellectual disabilities,
as well as their families.
Acknowledgment
Preliminary analysis was presented at the 1st
Conference of health
practitioners, Opatija, 2016.
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