The document summarizes a study on lifestyle patterns among people living with AIDS in eastern Nepal. It finds that most PLWAs were younger adults under 40, male, urban residents, married, and Hindu. Regarding lifestyle, over 80% did not exercise, over 90% felt daily stress, over half slept less than 6 hours, and about half never ate outside. Tobacco use was higher in the past than present. Marital status was significantly associated with exercise habits, and age was associated with tobacco use. The study concludes counseling is needed to improve conditions and promote healthier lifestyles.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Background: Oral Health (OH) is an essential component of general health, oral diseases have a negative social impact and
adverse consequences on the quality of life, while their treatment places a considerable economic burden on individuals, communities and countries. Oral diseases are related to a number of risk factors and determinants that are common to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which have oral implications. This study aimed to know DMFT index among type 2 diabetic patients attending UNRWA health centers in Gaza Governorates. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study of 406 patients with type 2 DM selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess OH.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Background: Oral Health (OH) is an essential component of general health, oral diseases have a negative social impact and
adverse consequences on the quality of life, while their treatment places a considerable economic burden on individuals, communities and countries. Oral diseases are related to a number of risk factors and determinants that are common to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which have oral implications. This study aimed to know DMFT index among type 2 diabetic patients attending UNRWA health centers in Gaza Governorates. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study of 406 patients with type 2 DM selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess OH.
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
Abstract
During the lifespan, there are multiple factors influence the longevity including genotype, metabolism, physiology, sociodemographic and environmental factors, nutritional and lifestyle habits. Nutrition during the life time has an effect on the health status. Dietary indexes, certain dietary patterns and dietary guidelines have been used for analysing dietary pattern and life expectancy relationship in many studies. Dietary pattern has an important effect on longevity. The cohort study results indicate that diet quality and Medittarenean diet have potential effects on longevity. The important effects of nutrition on longevity related with quality, quantity, frequency, variety and emotional satisfaction. Therefore, nutritional strategies that provide clear benefits for ageing linked with both physiological and psychological functions to maintain life quality. The aspiration is not only to “live longer” but to “live better,” and to maintain optimal qual¬ity of life during the later stages of life.
Abstract
The rehabilitation counsellor works with people with disabilities to assist them in ways to improve their quality of life and vocational outcomes. The types of disabilities among people are diverse, multifaceted, and vary in severity. One such disability group is individuals with cancer. Persons with cancer account for a minimal percentage of the total successfully closed vocational rehabilitation cases. Over the past few decades, the prognosis of many types of cancer has improved, with a resulting increase in the number of cancer survivors who have the ability to resume work after treatment and therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of rehabilitation counsellors’ involvement in enhancing the lives of individuals with cancer including the employment means, Psychological Impact, and effective interventions to employ these goals.
Abstract—Diabetes is a disease which is on continuous increase specialy in country like India. It involve is a multisystem so intend to affect quality of life of patients. So this study was conducted on 250 Diabetes Mellitus patients to observe their quality of life on various domains viz Physical, Mental, Social and environmental through WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. It was found that 54.4% were unable to level their quality of life, they say neither good nor bad. But 23.2% were feeling bad and 22.4 % were feeling good about their quality of life. Whereas regarding patient's satisfaction about their health 39.2% were unable to level their quality of life and 35.6% were dissatisfied and 25.2 % were satisfied with their health. Significantly more cases were unable to understand about their quality of life than their satisfaction to their health. It was also found that Physical quality of life was affected most followed by environmental, psychological and social dimension of quality of life.
Background: Diabetes affects millions of people each year, it is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Periodontal disease has recently been recognized as the “sixth complication” of diabetes mellitus, the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is actually bi-directional. Generally, poor oral hygiene, a long history of diabetes, greater age, and poor metabolic control are associated with more severe periodontal disease. Method: The study is an analytical cross-sectional study, 406 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess oral health.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
My STSH Scholary Article about TREATMENT of PRE-DIABETES with SSDDDr. Sutanu Patra
I had done research on "Scope of Individualistic treatment with Serially Succussed and Diluted Drugs in treating Pre-diabetic condition: an Open-label Exploratory trial – in search of Prevention of Diabetes" and this was got awarded in Short Term Studentship in Homeopathy (STSH) 2014 by Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.
A study on clinical presentation and various risk factors associated with pht...IjcmsdrJournal
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The population most affected is the young and economically productive one. The social factors include poor quality of life, poor housing, overcrowding, population explosion, under nutrition, lack of education, and last but not the least lack of awareness of cause of illness.
Aims and Objectives:
1. To study the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients.
2. To study various risk factors of tuberculosis.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted at selected designated microscopic centre (DMCs) Kanpur Nagar district has a population of 45.73lakh ( Census 2011).All the patients who were registered in the selected DMCs in the last one month of the year 2016 ( between April and May) were taken into consideration for the present study. Data was collected on predesigned and pretested questionnaire using direct personal interview method of patients at DMCs on the DOTS days of the week i.e Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Informed consent of the study subjects was taken before interview. A total of 105 registered patients were interviewed personally and also the treatment card of patients was obtained from their respective DMCs.
Results: Out of 105 cases of tuberculosis which reported at DMCs maximum no. of patients belongs to age group between 21-40 yrs of age group (58%). Majority of cases were married (65.7%) cases. (62%) cases were Hindu by religion and (58%) belongs to other backward caste. In the study we found majority of patient was illiterate (34.3%). Most common clinical presentation was cough, fever and cough with expectoration, anorexia was reported in (61.9 %) of cases (77%) were cigarette/bidi smokers, 60% were tobacco chewer. Diabetes was reported in (12.4%) cases and (3.8%) cases were HIV positive.
Quality of life and its sociodemographic and clinicalpredictorsamong people o...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
Abstract
During the lifespan, there are multiple factors influence the longevity including genotype, metabolism, physiology, sociodemographic and environmental factors, nutritional and lifestyle habits. Nutrition during the life time has an effect on the health status. Dietary indexes, certain dietary patterns and dietary guidelines have been used for analysing dietary pattern and life expectancy relationship in many studies. Dietary pattern has an important effect on longevity. The cohort study results indicate that diet quality and Medittarenean diet have potential effects on longevity. The important effects of nutrition on longevity related with quality, quantity, frequency, variety and emotional satisfaction. Therefore, nutritional strategies that provide clear benefits for ageing linked with both physiological and psychological functions to maintain life quality. The aspiration is not only to “live longer” but to “live better,” and to maintain optimal qual¬ity of life during the later stages of life.
Abstract
The rehabilitation counsellor works with people with disabilities to assist them in ways to improve their quality of life and vocational outcomes. The types of disabilities among people are diverse, multifaceted, and vary in severity. One such disability group is individuals with cancer. Persons with cancer account for a minimal percentage of the total successfully closed vocational rehabilitation cases. Over the past few decades, the prognosis of many types of cancer has improved, with a resulting increase in the number of cancer survivors who have the ability to resume work after treatment and therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of rehabilitation counsellors’ involvement in enhancing the lives of individuals with cancer including the employment means, Psychological Impact, and effective interventions to employ these goals.
Abstract—Diabetes is a disease which is on continuous increase specialy in country like India. It involve is a multisystem so intend to affect quality of life of patients. So this study was conducted on 250 Diabetes Mellitus patients to observe their quality of life on various domains viz Physical, Mental, Social and environmental through WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. It was found that 54.4% were unable to level their quality of life, they say neither good nor bad. But 23.2% were feeling bad and 22.4 % were feeling good about their quality of life. Whereas regarding patient's satisfaction about their health 39.2% were unable to level their quality of life and 35.6% were dissatisfied and 25.2 % were satisfied with their health. Significantly more cases were unable to understand about their quality of life than their satisfaction to their health. It was also found that Physical quality of life was affected most followed by environmental, psychological and social dimension of quality of life.
Background: Diabetes affects millions of people each year, it is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Periodontal disease has recently been recognized as the “sixth complication” of diabetes mellitus, the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is actually bi-directional. Generally, poor oral hygiene, a long history of diabetes, greater age, and poor metabolic control are associated with more severe periodontal disease. Method: The study is an analytical cross-sectional study, 406 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected through systematic random sampling from 5 UNRWA health centers. The World Health Organization’s basic methods tools were used to collect data and assess oral health.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
My STSH Scholary Article about TREATMENT of PRE-DIABETES with SSDDDr. Sutanu Patra
I had done research on "Scope of Individualistic treatment with Serially Succussed and Diluted Drugs in treating Pre-diabetic condition: an Open-label Exploratory trial – in search of Prevention of Diabetes" and this was got awarded in Short Term Studentship in Homeopathy (STSH) 2014 by Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.
A study on clinical presentation and various risk factors associated with pht...IjcmsdrJournal
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The population most affected is the young and economically productive one. The social factors include poor quality of life, poor housing, overcrowding, population explosion, under nutrition, lack of education, and last but not the least lack of awareness of cause of illness.
Aims and Objectives:
1. To study the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients.
2. To study various risk factors of tuberculosis.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted at selected designated microscopic centre (DMCs) Kanpur Nagar district has a population of 45.73lakh ( Census 2011).All the patients who were registered in the selected DMCs in the last one month of the year 2016 ( between April and May) were taken into consideration for the present study. Data was collected on predesigned and pretested questionnaire using direct personal interview method of patients at DMCs on the DOTS days of the week i.e Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Informed consent of the study subjects was taken before interview. A total of 105 registered patients were interviewed personally and also the treatment card of patients was obtained from their respective DMCs.
Results: Out of 105 cases of tuberculosis which reported at DMCs maximum no. of patients belongs to age group between 21-40 yrs of age group (58%). Majority of cases were married (65.7%) cases. (62%) cases were Hindu by religion and (58%) belongs to other backward caste. In the study we found majority of patient was illiterate (34.3%). Most common clinical presentation was cough, fever and cough with expectoration, anorexia was reported in (61.9 %) of cases (77%) were cigarette/bidi smokers, 60% were tobacco chewer. Diabetes was reported in (12.4%) cases and (3.8%) cases were HIV positive.
Quality of life and its sociodemographic and clinicalpredictorsamong people o...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Life Style for Adult Patients with Hyperthyroidism at Baghdad Teaching Hospitaliosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Lady health workers' perceptions towards tuberculosis and its determinants at...Zubia Qureshi
Background: Lady Health Workers (LHWs), performing in Tuberculosis control programs have direct access in the communities. This study was designed to improve the TB status in Sindh province by improving the knowledge and practices of LHWs. Objective: To assess the TB related knowledge, attitude and practices among LHWs at tehsil Latifabad, district Hyderabad, Sindh. Method: A mixed method Cross-sectional study was done on universally selected 384 LHWs from Latifabad. Three focus group discussions were conducted with eight participants for each group. A pre-tested structured questionnaire and eld guidelines were used for data collection. Analysis was done on SPSS software by calculating frequencies, percentages, mean and median. While for inferential analysis chi square, t-test and Mann Whitney U tests were used. For FGDs, content analysis method was used. Results: Sufcient knowledge was found in about half 193(50.3%) of the participants. The overall attitude and practices of most of the LHWs 214(55.7%) and 205 (53.4%) respectively was not good. A signicant difference was found between LHWs knowledge score of those who had insufcient (28.08 ± 3.0) and sufcient knowledge (28.08 ± 3.1) with p-value <0.001. Also good attitude (47.74±2.8) and practices (51.45±3.8) of LHWs differed signicantly from those who did not have good attitude (36.09±4.8), and practices (40.44±3.3) with p-value <0.001. The insufcient knowledge was associated with unsafe practices. Tuberculosis related stigma was found in the community, people do not want to disclose their disease. Conclusion: Overall knowledge, attitude and practices about TB were not satisfactory among LHWs of Latifabad. An educational intervention is recommended for LHWs. Key words: Community health workers, infectious disease, knowledge, attitude, practices, developing country
Patients Knowledge and Attitude towards Tuberculosis in a Rural Setting in Al...inventionjournals
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major cause of illness worldwide. The burden is rising globally due to poverty, increasing population and HIV/AIDS. In developing countries, poor knowledge and perception of tuberculosis is prevalent, which causes delay in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis..India has the highest number of TB cases in the world. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in Rural Health Training Centre, Jawan, of Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College,AMU, Aligarh .A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data from January- March,2015. A total of 80 subjects ,more than 15 years age group,residents of Jawan,were selected who either had completed tuberculosis treatment or are still on treatment.An informed consent was taken,before starting the questionnaire. Results: shows that out of 80 subjects under study,50% were in age –group 35 to 55 years and 75 % were males. Radio/T.V. was the maximum source of information on tuberculosis (60%), followed by health workers or community workers(50%) .Few subjects got information about T.B. from family members and friends/neighbours. 87.5% of the subjects were aware of the evening rise of temperature inT.B., followed by blood in sputum(80%) and cough more than 3 weeks(42.5%).Regarding causes of T.B.,76.25% of the subjects said that T.B. was due to smoking, followed by alcohol consumption(42.5%). 85% of the subjects knew that T.B. was a communicable disease.70% of the subjects knew that the mode of transmission of T.B. was during coughing.50% of the subjects believed that tuberculosis could be transmitted by sharing of common materials with T.B. patients.70% of the subjects reported that BCG immunization prevented tuberculosis. More than half(55%) of the participants reported that the transmission of T.B. could be prevented by avoiding personal contact with the T.B. patient. Conclusion: The study showed that the knowledge of people relating to T.B. is insufficient in most of the aspects.TB awareness programs should focus on reduction of TB associated stigmas.We need to train our health workers and also educate our masses especially those living in rural areas
A Comparative Study to Assess the Post Covid Respiratory Status among Tobacco...ijtsrd
Background The present study aims to assess the post COVID respiratory status among the tobacco and non tobacco users. Materials and Methods The quantitative approach with descriptive research design coherent study was conducted in the host institution of Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals. A total of 30 study participants were recruited using purposive sampling technique based on the inclusion criteria, the demographic and clinical data was collected by using a self structured questionnaire and the level of respiratory status was estimated during 1 week. Results The outcome results identified that, among our study shows that among post COVID tobacco users, 15 100 had abnormal forced vital capacity, 12 80 had severe forced expiratory volume, 10 66.7 had severe Fev1 FVC and 14 93.3 had abnormal forced expiratory flow. Whereas among the post COVID non tobacco users, 14 93.3 had normal forced vital capacity, 12 80 had normal forced expiratory volume, 11 73.3 had normal Fev1 FVC and 12 80 had normal forced expiratory flow. Conclusion This study assessed there was significant difference in the level of post COVID respiratory status among the tobacco and non tobacco users. Parimala. L | Rathina Priya. V "A Comparative Study to Assess the Post Covid Respiratory Status among Tobacco and Non-Tobacco Users at SMCH in Thandalam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60041.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/60041/a-comparative-study-to-assess-the-post-covid-respiratory-status-among-tobacco-and-nontobacco-users-at-smch-in-thandalam/parimala-l
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Life style among plwa e. nepal
1. 29
SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2014;XI(2)
LIFESTYLE PATTERN AMONG THE
PEOPLE LIVING WITH AIDS IN EASTERN NEPAL
Mehta RS, Karki P
B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
ABSTRACT
Introduction: In world more than 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, 2.3 million are under 15 yrs
and 14000 new infections occur daily. The objectives of this study was to assess the lifestyle pattern
among the people living with AIDS (PLWA) receiving anti-retroviral therapy at B. P. Koirala Institute of
Health Sciences and find out the association between lifestyle pattern and the selected demographic
variables.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to assess lifestyle pattern of the
PLWA receiving anti-retroviral therapy at the ART clinic of Tropical ward at B.P Koirala Institute of Health
Sciences (BPKIHS). The PLWA receiving ART at BPKIHS for more than or equal to three months at the
ART clinic who met the selection criteria constituted the sample of the study. Using purposive sampling
technique total 113 PLWA were selected. The patients who themselves were physically present during
the data collection period were included in the study, after their consent for the purpose.
Results: It was found that most of the PLWA were of age less than 40 years, male (61.1%), residing
in urban area (74.3%), married (75.2%) and Hindu (74.3%). It was found that 83.2% PLWA never
do exercise, whereas 8.8% perform regularly. Most of the (91.2%) people living with AIDS reported
feeling pressure and stress in daily life. About 57% PLWA only sleep less than 6 hours per day. About
half (52.2%) of the PLWA never take food outside home, where as 34.5% take food outside regularly.
The habit of using tobacco is present among 28.3% people living with ADIS, where the past history
of using was 39.8%. Similarly only 0.9% PLWA had habit of taking alcohol at present and 63.7% in
past; and 28.3% had habit of taking substances in past. The association calculated between selected
demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, residence and religion) with lifestyle pattern (exercise,
tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption, and food habit) found significant association between marital
status and exercise (p <0.001), Tobacco consumption and age (p <0.001) only.
Conclusion: The positive life style practices among the PLWA found high at present in comparison to
past especially in relation to Tobacco, Alcohol and Substance use. Individual counseling and support is
vital for improving the condition.
Key words: Life-style, People Living with AIDS, Counseling, ART
SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS
Correspondence:
Prof. Dr. Ram Sharan Mehta
Medical-Surgical Nursing Department
B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal.
E-mail: ramsharanmehta@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
HIV/AIDS is a global epidemic which first emerged
in 1981 in the USA. Since then, the epidemic has
claimed lives of nearly 30 million people worldwide,
the worst conditions being in the Sub- Saharan
countries.1
South Africa is reported to have the largest
population living with the disease. In terms of
prevalence, countries such as Afghanistan, Saudi
Arabia, and Cape Verde are reported to have the
lowest prevalence of the disease among reported
nations, at less than 0.1% of their population.2
AccordingtoUNAIDS/WHO,47%oftheestablished
14.2 million people eligible for the treatment in low
2. 30 SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2014;XI(2)
and middle income countries were accessing ART
(Anti Retro Viral) therapy in 2010.3
The AIDS picture in South East Asia is dominated
by the epidemic in India. Migrants in particular are
vulnerable and 67% of the infected in Bangladesh
and 41% in Nepal are migrants returning from
India.4
In a study done by the Department of Foods,
Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, among
the HIV/AIDS infected two districts of South
Africa , it was found out that majority of PLWHA
consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up
the immune system and help maintain adequate
weight, and there is little variety in the foods they
consume.5
In fact, the linkages between HIV/AIDS
and food security are bi-directional: HIV/AIDS is a
determining factor of food insecurity as well as a
consequence of food and nutrition insecurity.6
METHODOLOGY
A descriptive cross sectional research design
was used to assess lifestyle pattern of the people
living with AIDS receiving anti-retroviral therapy
at the ART clinic of Tropical ward at BPKIHS. The
PLWA receiving ART at BPKIHS for more than or
equal to three months at the ART clinic who met
the selection criteria constituted the sample of
the study. Total 113 PLWA were selected using
purposive sampling technique. The patients who
themselves were physically present during the
data collection period were only included in the
study, with their consent for the purpose.
RESULTS
It was found that most of the PLWA were of age
less than 40 years, male (61.1%), residing in urban
area (74.3%), married (75.2%) and Hindu (74.3%).
It was found that 83.2% PLWA never perform
the exercise, whereas 8.8% perform regularly.
Majority (91.2%) of the PLWA expressed the
feeling of pressure and stress in daily life. About
57% PLWA only sleep less than 6 hours per day.
About half (52.2%) of the PLWA never take food
outside home whereas 34.5% take regularly. PLWA
residing in eastern Nepal receiving ART at BPKIHS
had habit of taking tobacco more in past (39.8%)
in comparison to present (28.3%). Similarly only
0.9% PLWA had habit of taking alcohol at present
and 63.7% in past; and 28.3% had habit of taking
substances in past. The association calculated
between selected demographic variables (age,
sex, marital status, residence and religion) with
lifestyle pattern (exercise, tobacco chewing,
alcohol consumption, and food habit) found
significant association between marital status and
exercise (p <0.001), and Tobacco consumption
and age (p <0.001) only. The details of the results
are depicted in the table 1 to 4.
Table 1. Socio-demographic Characteristics of the People
Living with AIDS (n=113)
SN
Socio-demographic
Characteristics
Responses
Number %
1
Age group (in years)
≤ 25 15 04.4
26- 30 19 16.8
31- 35 35 31.0
36- 40 30 26.5
41- 45 12 10.6
≥ 46 12 10.6
Mean = 36.3 SD= 8.268 Range= 19-7
2
sex
Male 69 61.1
Female 44 38.9
3
Residence
a. Rural 29 25.7
b. Urban 84 74.3
4
Marital Status
a. Unmarried 85 75.2
b. Married 15 13.3
c. Divorced 12 10.6
d. Widow 01 0.9
5
Religion
a. Hindu 84 74.3
b. Buddhist 17 15.0
c. Muslim 1 0.9
d. Christian 5 4.4
e. Kirata 6 5.3
7
Family Income / Month ( in Rupees)
4000- 14000 26 23.01
15000- 25000 26 23.01
26000- 36000 21 18.58
37000- 47000 23 20.35
≥48000 17 15.04
Mean = 29,982.30 SD= 18, 968.010
Range = 4000- 80,000
3. 31
SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2014;XI(2)
Table 2. Distribution MI of the Respondents
according to HIV Status, Assessed Dietary Pattern &
B (n= 113)
SN Characters Categories
(in
months)
ART
consumption
Frequency (%)
1 Duration of ART
consumption
3 – 12 30 (26.55)
13 – 36 42 (37.17)
37- 60 35 (30.97)
> 60 6 (5.31)
Mean = 33.13, SD = 23.735, Range = 3-142
2 CD4 count
At the Start of
Therapy
≤ 50 10 (8.85)
51 – 250 79 (69.9)
251- 500 23 (20.35)
≥ 501 1 ( 0.9)
Mean = 184.24, SD = 101.692, Range = 2- 524
3 Diet Habit Non-
Vegetarian
112 (99.1)
Vegetarian 1 ( 0.9)
4 Frequency of
Eating/ day
3times 6 ( 5.31)
4 times 17 ( 15.04)
5 times 74 ( 65.49)
≥6times 16 ( 14.16)
5 Composition of
Major Meals is
mostly
Carbohydrates 111 (98.23)
Proteins 2 ( 1.77)
6 Nutritional
Supplement
Consumption
(NCASC)
Positive
response
29 (25.66)
7
Body Mass
Index (BMI)
Frequency Percentage
< 18.5
(malnourished)
28 24.79
18.5 – 24.9
(normal)
73 64.60
25- 29.9
(overweight)
12 10.62
≥30 0 0
Mean = 20.85, SD = 3.13, Range = 14.17- 29.56
Table 3. Lifestyle Pattern, Tobacco Chewing, Smoking
Habit, Alcohol & Drug Consumption Habit among the PLWA
(n=113)
SN Lifestyle Pattern No. %
1 Exercise habit:
a. Daily 10 8.8
b. Alternate day 2 1.6
c. 1-2/week 7 6.2
d. Never 94 83.2
2 Feeling under pressure and stress:
a. Often 103 91.2
b. Occasionally 2 1.8
c. Never 8 7.1
3 Hours of sleep per day:
a. < 6 hrs 48 42.5
b. 6-8 hrs 64 56.6
c. >8 hrs 1 0.9
4 Taking food outside the home:
a. Daily 39 34.5
b. Alternate day 11 9.7
c. 1-2/week 4 3.5
d. Never 59 52.2
5 Smoking/Tobacco Chewing habits:
Present history:
a. Yes 32 28.3
b. No 81 71.7
Past history:
a. Yes 45 39.8
b. No 68 60.0
Presentconsuminghabitsofdifferent:
a. Chewing tobacco 19 11.8
b. Cigarette smoking 13 11.5
c. Betal chewing 0 0
d. Hooka/Chilim 0 0
e. Bidi smoking 0 0
6
Present habit ofAlcohol consumption
a. Yes 1 0.9
b. No 112 99.1
7 Past habit of alcohol consumption
a. Yes 41 36.3
b. No 72 63.7
8 Current habit of consumption of
different types of alcohol
a. Beer 0 0
b. Wine 0 0
c. Rakshi/Jand 1 0.9
d. Tongba 0 0
e. Whiskey/Rum 0 0
9 Drug abuse habit:
a. Habit in present 0 0
b. Habit in past 32 28.3
4. 32 SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2014;XI(2)
DISCUSSION
It was found that most of the (31%) PLWA were
of age group of 31-35 years, male (61.1%),
residing in urban area (74.3%), married (75.2%)
and Hindu (74.3%). Study conducted by Sharma7
reported that out of 150 patients 66.7% were male,
33.3% were females. Most of them (41.3%) were
illiterate, married (49.3%), and farmer (35.3%).
The age group 21-30 years was predominant
followed by 31-40 years (42%); which is similar to
this study. Similar findings were also reported by
Budhachandra and Dhungana.8,9
It was found that 83.2% PLWA never perform the
exercise, whereas 8.8% perform regularly. About
57% PLWA only sleep less than 6 hours per day.
About half (52.2%) of the PLWA never take food
outside home whereas 34.5% take regularly.
PLWA residing in eastern Nepal receiving ART at
BPKIHS had habit of taking tobacco more in past
Table 4. Association between Selected Demographic Variables and lifestyle Patterns (n = 113)
Demographic
Characteristics
Characteristics
Categories
Lifestyle Pattern
Exercise Feeling Pressure Sleep
Tobacco
Consumption
Alcohol
Consumption
Age
Others
Daily
P-value
Occasionally
/
never
Often
P-value
Others
6-8
hrs
P-value
No
yes
P-value
No
yes
P-value
>41 21 71 0.983 0 8
0.128
1 48
<0.001
14 67
0.102
24 88
0.602
<41 3 16 24 81 23 41 10 22 0 1
sex
Female 36 56
0.471
3 5
0.931
16 33
0.231
30 51
0.510
43 69
0.208
Male 6 13 41 64 28 36 14 18 1 0
Residence
Urban 72 2
0.072
6 2
0.964
39 10
0.263
61 20
0.707
83 29
0.555
Rural 12 7 78 27 45 19 23 9 1 0
Marital
Status
UM/
D/W
11 3
<0.001
0 8
0.092
13 36 0.706 21 60
0.653
28 84
0.569
Married 17 2 28 77 15 49 7 25 0 1
Religion
B/C/M/K 21 73
0.072
0 8
0.085
13 36
0.854
22 59
0.562
28 84
0.087
Hindu 8 11 29 76 16 48 7 25 1 0
(39.8%) in comparison of present (28.3%). Similarly
only 0.9% PLWA had habit of taking alcohol at
present and 63.7% in past; and 28.3% had habit of
taking substances in past. Similar study conducted
by Dhungana9
reported, 41% PLWHAwere smoker,
34% Alcoholics and 54% had weight loss, which is
similar to this study.
The association calculated between selected
demographic variables (age, sex, marital status,
residence and religion) with lifestyle pattern
(exercise, tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption,
and food habit) only found significant association
between marital status and exercise (p <0.001),
and Tobacco consumption and age (p <0.001).
CONCLUSION
The positive life style practices among the PLWA
found higher at present in compression to before
illness. Individual counselling and support is vital
for improving the condition.
5. 33
SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2014;XI(2)
Limitations: Due to the proxy visits by the relatives
instead of the patient, the sample collection was
difficult as anthropometric measurements could
not be taken. There was difficulty in obtaining
data about the dietary patterns and lifestyle. The
setting of the clinic could not ensure proper privacy.
Patients who came in a hurry couldn’t be assessed
in detailed related to their short stay at clinic.
Recommendations: The supplementation of
the nutrition provided by WHO and distributed by
the ART clinic can be improved and the target
group can be encouraged to consume it. Similar
study can be conducted at other ART centers
and results can be compared. This study can be
done on a larger sample and the association with
diet patterns and lifestyle can be observed, which
also affect the nutritional status in one way or the
other. The BMI at the start of the therapy can be
assessed and used to compare the improvement
after the initiation of ART.
Implications of the study: This study gives an
overview of the nutritional status of the PLWHA
receiving ART at BPKIHS. For patients at the
risk of being malnourished, ART initiation can
be an important step in attempt to increase their
nutritional status.
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1. UNAIDS, Global Report: UNAIDS report on Global
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2. The Central Intelligence Agency World Fact book
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the-world factbook/.../2155rank.html (retrieved on
2012/ 5/24).
3. UNAIDS WorldAIDS Report 2011(online).Available
from URL: http://www.unaids.org/en/resourecs/
publications/2011/(retrieved on: 2011/ November/
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4. Samuel, Wagle S. Population mobility and HIV/
AIDS: review of laws, policies and treaties between
Bangladesh, Nepal and India.ODI background
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(retrieved on 2012/5/24).
5. Kurian EN. Food consumption and nutritional
status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA):
a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.
Public Health Nutrition.2010;4:13:475-9.
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meeting on Nutrition and HIV/AIDS, WHO 2006
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Situation_ Analysis for SEAR Countries (retrieved
on 2012/ 5/24).
7. Sharma S, Dhungana GP, Pokhrel BM, Rijal BP.
Clinical Features of HIV/AIDS and various OI in
related to antiretroviral status among HIV among
sero-positive individuals from central Nepal. KUMJ.
2009;7:355-59.
8. Budhachandra Y, Ramesh K, Sumitra G.
Personality profile among HIV positive and AIDS
patients of injecting durg users. KUMJ. 2007;5:38-
41.
9. Dhungana GP, Ghimire P, Sharma S, Rijal BP.
Tuberculosis and Other clinical presentations of
HIV/AIDS in patients with or without undergoing
antiretroviral therapy in Kathmandu. KUMJ.
2007;5:22-26.