This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of 150 adolescent students regarding psychoactive substance abuse. It found that most students had adequate knowledge of addictive substances and their harms, but only a minority knew about treatment options. A minority also had negative attitudes toward substance abusers. The study concluded there was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude. Knowledge scores were associated with the education level of the father, while attitude scores were associated with the sex of the adolescent. It recommends educational programs to improve adolescent knowledge and attitudes regarding psychoactive substance abuse.
Management of Psychiatric Emergencies at Primary Care: Suicide and AggressionTuti Mohd Daud
These slides are not meant to be comprehensive in covering the two major topics in psychiatric emergencies. Readers are encouraged to refer to the references provided for further reading.
Management of Psychiatric Emergencies at Primary Care: Suicide and AggressionTuti Mohd Daud
These slides are not meant to be comprehensive in covering the two major topics in psychiatric emergencies. Readers are encouraged to refer to the references provided for further reading.
This ppt presentation discusses about the various models of mental illness. I found it useful to download as it gives a fair idea about various models which are generally not found in books.
Substance Abuses among the Students of Higher Secondary Schools: A Case Studyiosrjce
The present investigator aims to study the contribution of the areas related to the Substance Abuses
among the Adolescence Students of Higher Secondary Schools. This paper attempts to make a thorough,
comprehensive and analytical study by exploring the causes of becoming an individual substance abuse in
relation to psychological factor, peer group pressure, joyfulness, tension remover, rebelliousness, intercultural
influences, curiosity, climatic condition, easy availability, future insecurity and modernization. From the result
of the research the administrator, teachers and parents may help children through early education about
psychoactive substances, open communications, good role modeling, and early recognition if problems are
developing. No single measure would be effective to prevent the use of drugs until and unless home, school and
society all the three collectively and cooperatively tackle the problems of substances abuse from different
angles
This ppt presentation discusses about the various models of mental illness. I found it useful to download as it gives a fair idea about various models which are generally not found in books.
Substance Abuses among the Students of Higher Secondary Schools: A Case Studyiosrjce
The present investigator aims to study the contribution of the areas related to the Substance Abuses
among the Adolescence Students of Higher Secondary Schools. This paper attempts to make a thorough,
comprehensive and analytical study by exploring the causes of becoming an individual substance abuse in
relation to psychological factor, peer group pressure, joyfulness, tension remover, rebelliousness, intercultural
influences, curiosity, climatic condition, easy availability, future insecurity and modernization. From the result
of the research the administrator, teachers and parents may help children through early education about
psychoactive substances, open communications, good role modeling, and early recognition if problems are
developing. No single measure would be effective to prevent the use of drugs until and unless home, school and
society all the three collectively and cooperatively tackle the problems of substances abuse from different
angles
Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module on Effects of Substance Abuse...Abilittin James Benitto
Substance abuse has become a major problem in any growing society, the pattern of consumption of medical and non-medical use of drugs by preadolescents, adolescents and young adults, is both complex and changing. It’s mainly due to adventurous and risk-taking behaviours, acceptable to peers, curiosity to acquaint oneself with the ecstatic experiences or due to an inner urge to avoid frustrations and boredom. Substance abuse during secondary schools, colleges and universities is a serious problem in society. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge on effects of substance abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents by evaluating the effectiveness of video assisted teaching module and to find out the association between the pre test level of knowledge on effects of substance abuse on health among adolescence with selected demographic variables. A quasi-experimental pre and post test design without control group with experimental approach was undertaken for this study. 70 adolescence students were selected by purposive sampling and data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire, it was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result shows highly significant difference between pre and post test knowledge scores and no significant association between the pre test scores when compared
to the demographic variables of adolescence. The researcher concluded that video assisted teaching program was effective in providing the knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health and its preventive measure among adolescents.
Running head DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION1DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 1
DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 6
Drug Abuse and Addiction
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
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Public Safety Issue: Drug Abuse and Addiction
Public safety issue refers to any problem which threatens the wellbeing of people and prosperity of communities. A solution to such challenges is crucial in order to ensure that safety of people is protected and safeguarded. The issue of drug abuse and concern among school going teenagers has become a major problem in United States. According to a survey conducted by Monitoring the Future (MTF), on average, 29 percent of the school kids between grades 8, 10, and 12 were found to be using drugs. This has raised a major concern that requires the government to work closely with relevant public safety organizations in order to contain this issue.
Research Topic: The Importance of Introducing Drug Abuse Unit in The Curriculum of the American Education System
Overview
According to findings of Monitoring the Future survey released in 2018, there is a significant increase in number of school going youths engaging in drug abuse activities. Marijuana, opioid abuse, alcohol, synthetic drugs, tobacco, and nicotine are among the top drugs and substances abused by teenagers and school going kids. These statistics are alarming since they present one of the major challenge to the wellbeing and prosperity of the future generation. Many anti-drug abuse and addiction organizations such as National Institutes on Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have been working relentlessly to curb this rising level of drug abuse and addiction among teenagers. Despite all the efforts by these organizations, their programs have failed to achieve any substantial success as far the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is concerned. This research is aimed at exploring the relevant literature from books, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and other academic effort in the effort to present the dire need to integrate drug abuse into the curriculum of the American education system. The findings of the research will be a boost to the government and other public safety organizations in the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers and school going youths.
Annotated Bibliography
Duncan, D. T., Palamar, J. J., & Williams, J. H. (2014). Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among US high school seniors. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 9(1), 35.
The paper explores the problem of marijuana use among the students in U.S. high schools. Notably, more than 45.5 percent of the respondents revealed that they have used marijuana once on their lifetime while the other 36.4 percent revealing that they have used marijuana in the last one year. Additionally, another 22.7 percent of the respondents noting that they have been consta ...
Did you know that teaching about the dangers of alcohol and drugs is included in the education requirements of 38 states? But what is really happening when alcohol and drug education gets squeezed in with an ever-growing list of requirements in thousands of schools across the country? A total of 3,500 teachers, school administrators, and other educators were surveyed and the findings and recommendations appear in the following 19 page report
Factors Influencing Alcoholism and Drug Abuse among College Students with Spe...ijtsrd
Factors such as peer pressure, physical and sexual abuse, early exposure to drugs, stress, and parental guidance can greatly affect a persons likelihood of drug use and addiction. Genetic and environmental factors interact with critical developmental stages in a persons life to affect addiction risk. Beginning today, the Narcotics Intelligence Bureau NIB will be coordinating with the School and Higher Education Departments to kick off a State wide campaign to increase awareness about the ill effects of drug abuse among school and college students. ”œNearly 10 of the drugs that flows into the State, especially ganja are supplied to college students. Ganja and pharmaceutical drugs are mostly used by the students,” said Abash Kumar. Research design The researcher followed descriptive research design for the study. Universe of the study 500 College students were chosen for information assortment the examining technique embraced for the current investigation is Non Probability sampling. For the current examination the scientist utilize purposive testing technique to gather information from guardians. Tools for data collection The Researcher Used Questionnaire as Tool of Data Collection. Drug Abuse Scale developed by Gregory Zimet 2016 , this schedule has 27 statements. The study conclude that 16 of the respondents are high level of alcohol and drug use, 72 of the respondents are moderate level of alcohol and drug use, 12 of the respondents are low level of alcohol and drug use. Dr. P. Natarajan | S. Amrithavarshini | G. J. Dheetchana | J. Sivagurunathan | Taniya Susan Reji "Factors Influencing Alcoholism and Drug Abuse among College Students with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/56338/factors-influencing-alcoholism-and-drug-abuse-among-college-students-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/dr-p-natarajan
Self-Esteem of Substance Abusers and Non Abusers Belonging To Public Schools ...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The present investigation was conducted to gain an insight into the “Self Esteem of Substance Abusers and Non Abusers belonging to Public Schools of Delhi” The sample consisted of 100 adolescents with 50 abusers and 50 non abusers selected randomly. Sample was selected from public schools of east and south Delhi. Standardised tool of Self- esteem inventory by Coopersmith (2002) was used. Statistical analysis using descriptive statistics, percentages and t-test were done.Data collected only from abusers indicated that there was higher percentage of alcohol consumption by abuser’s family members.Abusers indulged more in hookah and the average age of initiation was 12 years. It was seen that non abusers had higher self- esteem as compared to abusers.Gender differences showed that girls had higher self- esteem than boy abusers.
School governors presentation - drugs and alcoholMentor
School governors help shape the strategies that schools use to try and prevent drug and alcohol use by their pupils and in supporting and putting boundaries around those young people who get into trouble with substance misuse. This presentation sets out how governors can improve the response of their school to these issues and how they can use that process to explain to Ofsted how they are helping their pupils to stay safe.
This workshop will focus on different exemplary practices of substance use prevention and intervention, focused on e-cigarette & marijuana. Experts from TUPE programs and SBHCs will present examples of youth leadership in substance use prevention, screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) protocols, and school policies to address substance use from a restorative framework. We will review recent prevalence data from the California Healthy Kids Survey, discuss the risks of youth vaping and marijuana use according to the research literature, examine the current policies and regulations at the federal, state and school level, and share educational resources for parents, students and educators.
A correlative study to assess the internet addiction and psychopathologies am...iosrjce
With the advancement in media and technologies internet has emerged as an effective tool in
eliminating human geographical barriers. However, excessive use of theInternet has resulted in negative
consequences especially among the regular users labeling it as an addiction. The objectives of the study were to
assess the prevalence of internet addiction and find a correlation between internet addiction and
psychopathologies among university students.A descriptive survey approach with cross sectional design was
adopted for the study. 264 students were selected by convenient sampling technique from the different colleges
of various streams like medicine, dental, nursing, pharmacology and agriculture, who are undergoing
graduation and fulfilling the sampling criteria. The data collection instruments used were Internet addiction test
(IAT) and Duke Health profile tool to assess the data. This study reveals that according to IAT score 85.5%
were normal & 14.5% were abnormal in 1st year, 95% were normal & 5% were abnormal in 2nd year ,68.9%
were normal & 31.1% were abnormal in 3rd year ,10.7% were normal & 89.2% were abnormal 56.2% normal
in 4th year.Study also shows IAT score among various disciplines, 69.2% were normal and 30.8% were
abnormal in medical college, 68% were normal and 32% were abnormal in nursing college, 50.5% were
normal and 49.5% were abnormal in pharmacology college, 57.5% were normal and 42.5% were abnormal in
dental college, 65.6% were normal and 34.4% were abnormal in agriculture college. Further it was observed
through the analysis that there is no statistically significant correlation between IAT score and
psychopathologies.
FIGHTING THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE BY ADOLESCENTS: A CASE STUDY OF ZENGEZA 4 ...John1Lorcan
The main objective of the study was to identify the effects of drug use and abuse at Zengeza 4 High School in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design. The study employed a mixed method approach. The study used interviews and surveys as data collection tools. The study revealed that poor academic performance, school drop-outs, early marriages, aggressive and violent behaviour are the major effects of drug use/abuse by adolescents in schools. The study recommended that both parents and teachers should strongly educate and encourage adolescents in school to desist from all forms of drug use or abuse for whatever reasons. Adolescents should always seek help from caregivers and parents whenever they face any life threatening situations
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
1. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research
Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
Website: www.ijhsr.org
Original Research Article ISSN: 2249-9571
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.ijhsr.org) 95
Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
Knowledge and Attitude of the Adolescent Students
Regarding Psychoactive Substance Abuse-
Exploratory Study
Manpreet Kaur Rattan1
, Narendra Kumar Sumeriya2
1
Tutor, College of Nursing, GMCH Chandigarh, India.
2
Associate Professor, Dasmesh College of Nursing, Faridkot, India
Corresponding Author: Manpreet Kaur Rattan
ABSTRACT
Background: An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of the Adolescent
Students Regarding Psychoactive Substance Abuse.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to find out the deficit area in knowledge and attitude of the
adolescent students regarding substance abuse and to prepare pamphlet on psychoactive substance
abuse.
Method: The investigator selected a sample of 150 adolescents, out which 50 were from 10th
, 50 were
from 11th
and 50 were from 12th
classes. Simple random sampling followed by lottery system was
used to select the sample. The self-reported questionnaire was framed to assess the knowledge of the
adolescent students regarding psychoactive substance abuse. Five point Likert scales was used to
assess the attitude of adolescent students
Results: The total sample consisted of 150 adolescents, out which 50 were from 10th
, 50 were from
11th
and 50 were from 12th
classes. Most of the students appeared to have adequate knowledge about
addictive substances and their harmful effects but only a minority had knowledge about the available
treatment. Again only a minority had negative attitude towards substance abusers and agreed for
substance use by themselves or their friends or family.
Conclusions: The following conclusions were drawn based on the findings of the study i.e the
positive correlation was present between knowledge and attitude. The association between knowledge
score of the adolescent students with education of father was found statistically significant. The
association between attitude score of adolescent students with sex was statistically significant.
Therefore, education of the father and sex of adolescents had an impact on adolescent knowledge and
attitude. The study recommends the teaching programme, seminar, workshop can be concluded to
improve the knowledge and attitude of adolescents students regarding psychoactive substance abuse.
Pamphlet prepared by investigator to improve the knowledge and attitude.
Keywords: knowledge, attitude, psychoactive substance, adolescent students.
INTRODUCTION
The fact is that Drug abuse is not
merely the problem of the addicts but of the
entire society. Many, particularly children
and youth, are prone to be easy prey to it
because in their eagerness to appear
“liberal” are open to ‘social ‘drinking,
smoking and even taking drugs and often
the victim is in need of dire help because
he/she just cannot help himself/herself.
Weaning away from any kind of addiction
often needs some kind of support and
intervention. This issue looks at some of
these problems and identifies places where
you could tap for help (Health Dialogue,
2005). Adolescent have significant energy,
drive with abundant innovative ideas. So,
they are enthusiastic with greater zeal to
2. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.ijhsr.org) 96
Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
experience the new things as a result they
indulge into drug abuse. Research studies
have shown that the initiation of substance
abuse usually takes place in adolescence. A
study conducted by United Nations’ Office
of Drug and Crime(UNODC) in India
reported that 40% of individuals start taking
drugs and other substances between 15-20
years. Other studies have reported the
prevalence rate of about 15 %.
W.H.O Report (2002) Substance use
and dependence cause a significant burden
to individuals and societies throughout the
world. The World Health Report 2002
indicated that 8.9% of the total burden of
disease comes from the use of psychoactive
substances. The report showed that tobacco
accounted for 4.1%, alcohol 4%, and illicit
drugs 0.8% of the burden of disease in 2000.
Much of the burden attributable to substance
use and dependence is the result of a wide
variety of health and social problems,
including HIV/AIDS, which is driven in
many countries by injecting drug use.
Objectives:
1. To assess the knowledge of the
adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse.
2. To assess the attitude of adolescent
students regarding psychoactive substance
abuse.
3. To find out the relationship between
knowledge and attitude of adolescent
students regarding psychoactive substance
abuse.
4.To determine the association between
knowledge of adolescent students regarding
psychoactive substance abuse with selected
variables such as age, sex, religion, type of
family, income of the family, education
level of the parents, mass media exposure,
use of recreational time.
5.To determine the association between
attitude of adolescent students regarding
psychoactive substances abuse with selected
variables such as age, sex, religion, type of
family, income of family, education level of
the parents , mass media exposure, use of
recreational time.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
For the present study, non-
experimental research design was utilized to
achieve the stated objectives. The present
study was conducted in three schools i.e.
B.C.M. Senior Secondary School, Guru
Nanak Khalsa Girls Senior Secondary
School & Guru Nanak Khalsa Boys Senior
Secondary School of Ludhiana, Punjab.
Population
Population of study was the adolescent
students (15-19 years) studied in selected
schools Ludhiana, Punjab.
Sample and Sampling Technique
Simple Random Sampling with lottery
method was adopted to collect the sample.
A total of 150 adolescents of the age group
15-19 years, were selected. The roll
numbers of the students were written on a
paper and put in a container and the
investigator picked one paper and shuffled
the container and again picked another
paper. The student whose roll number
appeared on the paper, were selected as a
sample, so that every student has equal
chance to be selected as a sample. Samples
selected for pilot study were not included in
the final sample.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
SECTION-1: SAMPLE
CHARACTERSTICS
Hence, it is concluded that majority of
adolescent students belonged to age group
16-17 years, they were mostly female from
Sikh religion and belonged to nuclear
family, living in urban area, their education
of parents were up to primary and
secondary, their family income (monthly)
>5000 and majority used television and
internet for gaining information and spend
their recreational time with family members.
3. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.ijhsr.org) 97
Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
Table-1 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE
CHARACTERISTICS N=150
Characteristics n Percentage (%)
Age of adolescent
15-16 years 47 31.3
16-17 years 50 33.3
17-18years 38 25.3
18-19years 15 10.0
Sex
Male 69 46.0
Female 81 54.0
Religion`
Sikh 80 53.3
Muslim 1 0.7
Hindu 66 44.0
Christian 3 2.0
Others 0 0
Type of family
Nuclear 73 48.7
Joint 68 45.3
Extended 9 6.0
Place of Residence
Rural 17 11.3
Urban 133 88.7
Education of father
Illiterate 28 18.7
Primary 34 22.7
Secondary 29 19.3
Senior secondary 9 6.0
Graduation 24 16.0
Post graduation 26 17.3
Education of Mother
Illiterate 34 22.7
Primary 36 24.0
Secondary 26 17.3
Senior secondary 13 8.7
Graduation 19 12.7
Post graduation 22 14.7
Family income(monthly)
≥ 5000 44 29.3
5001-10000 37 24.7
10001-15000 24 16.0
<15000 45 30.0
Mass Media Exposure
Newspaper 47 31.3
Television & internet 90 60.0
Radio 6 4.0
Magazines & journals 6 4.0
Any other 1 0.7
Use of Recreational Time
With friends 61 40.7
Using / surfing internet 20 13.3
With family members 64 42.7
Any other 5 3.3
OBJECTIVE 1. To assess the knowledge
of the adolescent students regarding
psychoactive substance abuse.
Table-2: Mean, Mean percentage, Total knowledge score of
adolescent students regarding psychoactive substance abuse
according to areas. N=150
Knowledge score
Areas of knowledge Max.Score Mean Score Mean%
General information
regarding substance
9 6.1 67.7
Causes 3 2.47 82.3
Pattern of use 3 1.37 43.3
Effects on body 4 2.53 63
Adverse effects 5 3.20 64
Withdrawal symptoms 3 1.15 38.4
Treatment & prevention 3 2.4 78.6
Total 30 19.08 63.6
Maximum score=30 Minimum score=0
Table 2 shows that highest mean percentage
knowledge score 82.3% in causes, 78.6% in
treatment & prevention followed by 67.7%
in general information regarding substances,
adverse effects 64%, effects on body 63%,
pattern of use 43.3% and least mean
percentage knowledge score on withdrawal
symptoms 38.4%.Adolescent students total
mean percentage knowledge score was
63.6% regarding psychoactive substance
abuse. The adolescent students had
knowledge about the causes, treatment &
prevention but least knowledge about
withdrawal symptoms.
Thus, it can be suggested that the
adolescent students had deficit knowledge
in pattern of use and withdrawal symptoms
regarding psychoactive substance abuse.
Table 3: Frequency and Percentage distribution of adolescent
student’s level of knowledge score regarding Psychoactive
Substance Abuse. N=150
Level of knowledge Knowledge score
Frequency percentage
Excellent ≥ 80% 11 7.3
Good 61-79% 75 50.0
Average 41-60% 55 36.7
Below average ≤ 40% 9 6.0
Maximum score=30
Minimum score=0
Table 3 shows that only 7.3% obtained
excellent knowledge score.50.0% obtained
good score. 36.7% were having Average
level of knowledge and 6.0% obtained
below average score.
Hence, it is evident that majority of
adolescent students had good knowledge
regarding psychoactive substance abuse.
OBJECTIVE 2
To assess the attitude of the adolescent
students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse.
Table 4: Mean Percentage of Attitude Score of Adolescent
Students According to Levels of Attitude N=150
Level of attitude Percentage Mean percentage
Positive >90 94.0
Negative <90 6.0
Maximum Score = 150
Minimum Score = 30
4. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.ijhsr.org) 98
Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
Table 4 shows that highest mean percentage
related to positive attitude (94.0%) and
negative attitude obtained (6.0) mean
percentage.
3. OBJECTIVE
To find out the relationship between
knowledge and attitude of adolescent
students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse.
Table 5: Mean Score and Correlation between Knowledge and
Attitude of Adolescent Students regarding Psychoactive
Substance Abuse N=150
Relationship Max.score Mean S.D r
Knowledge 30 19.19 4.235
Attitude 150 113.72 18.473 0.037*
Maximum Score=30 *=significant at p<0.05
Minimum Score=0
Table 5 shows that Correlation is significant
at p< 0.05 level. So correlation is present
between knowledge and attitude.
Table – 6: Frequency, percentage distribution and association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse with Age. N=150
Knowledge score
Excellent Good Average Below average Total df χ2
Age of Adolescent F % f % f % f %
15-16 years 6 12.8 30 63.8 10 21.3 1 2.1 47 9 0.067NS
16-17 years 3 6.0 24 48.0 19 38.0 4 8.0 50
17-18 years 2 5.3 15 39.5 17 44.7 4 10.5 38
18-19 years 0 0 6 40.0 9 60.0 0 0 15
Maximum score=30 NS = Non significant
Minimum score=0
Table 6 depicts that in age group 15-
16 years 6(12.8%) of adolescent students
obtained excellent score, 30(63.8%)
obtained good score, 10(21.3%) obtained
average score and only 1(2.1%) falls in
below average category. In age group 16-17
years, maximum adolescent students
24(48.0%) obtained good knowledge score
followed by 3(6.0%) obtained excellent,
19(38%) obtained average, 4(8.0%)
obtained below average score. In age group
17-18 years,17(44.7%) scored average
knowledge score,15(39.5%) obtained
good,4(10.5%) obtained below average and
minimum knowledge score 2(5.3%) found
in excellent category.In age group 18-19
years,maximum knowledge score 9(60.0%)
was found in average category and
6(40.0%) obtained good score.so,the
association between knowledge score and
age was found non significant at p<0.05
level.
Hence,it is evident that adolescent students
age had no impact on knowledge regarding
psychoactive substance abuse.
Table-7: Frequency, percentage distribution and association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substances abuse with sex. N=150
Sex Knowledge score total df χ2
Excellent Good Average Below Average
f % f % f % f %
Male 5 7.2 31 44.9 26 37.7 7 10.1 69 3 4.354
Female 6 7.4 44 54.3 29 35.8 2 2.5 81
Maximum score=30 NS=non significant
Minimum score=0
Table 7 depicts that in male
category, Higher number 31(44.9%)
obtained good knowledge score, 5(7.2%)
obtained excellent, 26(37.7%) obtained
average and 7(10.1%) were scored below
average. In female category, Higher number
44(54.3%) obtained good knowledge score,
6(7.4%) obtained excellent, 29(35.8%)
obtained average score and 2(2.5%). The
association between knowledge score of
adolescent students and sex is found
statistically non significant at p<0.05 level.
Thus, it is evident that the sex had
no impact on knowledge of adolescent
student.
5. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.ijhsr.org) 99
Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
Table- 8: Frequency and percentage distribution and association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substances abuse with religion. N=150
Religion Excellent Good Average Below Average Total df χ2
F % f % f % f %
9 4.468 NS
Sikh 7 8.8 40 50.0 30 37.5 3 3.8 80
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0 1
Hindu 4 6.1 33 50.0 23 34.8 6 9.1 66
Christian 0 0 2 66.7 10 33.3 0 0.0 3
Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0
Maximum score=35 NS: Non significant
Minimum score=0
Table 8 depicts that In Sikh religion,
Higher number of adolescent students
40(50.0%) were obtained good knowledge
score, 30(37.5%) were obtained average
score, 7(8.8%) were obtained excellent
score followed by 3(3.8%) obtained below
average score. Only 1(100%) adolescent
student obtained average score. In Hindu
religion, Higher number of adolescent
students 33(50.0%) obtained good
knowledge score, 23(34.8%) were scored
average, 6(9.1%) scored below average and
4(6.1%) obtained excellent score. In
Christian religion, Higher number of
adolescent students 10(33.3%) obtained
average knowledge score followed by
2(66.7%) obtained good knowledge score.
The association between knowledge score
of adolescent students and religion is found
statistically non significant at p<0.05 level.
Hence, it is concluded that religion had no
impact on knowledge of adolescent students
regarding psychoactive substance abuse.
Table-9: Frequency, percentage distribution and association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse with type of family. N=150
Maximum score=35 NS=non significant
Minimum score=0
Table 9 shows that highest knowledge score
in case of excellent category 12.3%
belonged to nuclear family followed by
2.9% belonged to joint .In case of Good,
adolescents higher number 52.9% belonged
to joint as compared to 11.1% belonged to
Extended category. In average
category,88.9% belonged to extended
category followed by 36.8% belonged to
joint category as compare to 30.1 %
belonged to nuclear category. In below
average the highest number of adolescents
7.4% belonged to joint as compare to 5.5%
belonged to nuclear category. The
association between knowledge of
adolescent and type of family is found
statistically non significant at p<0.05 level.
Hence, Type of Family had no impact on
knowledge score of adolescent students
regarding psychoactive substance abuse.
Table 10: Frequency, percentage distribution and association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse with place of residence N=150
Place of residence Knowledge score
Excellent Good Average Below Average Total df χ2
F % f % f % f %
3 1.908 NS
Rural 2 11.8 6 35.3 8 47.1 1 5.9 17
Urban 9 6.8 69 51.9 47 35.3 8 6.0 133
Maximum Score=30 NS= non-significant
Maximum Score=0
Type of Family Knowledge score
Excellent Good Average Below Average Total df χ2
F % f % f % f %
6 16.15ns
Nuclear 9 12.3 38 52.1 22 30.1 4 5.5 73
Joint 2 2.9 36 52.9 25 36.8 5 7.4 68
Extended 0 0 1 11.1 8 88.9 0 0.0 9
6. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (www.ijhsr.org) 100
Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
Table 10 shows that in rural Highest number
of adolescent students 8(47.1%) obtained
average score, 6(35.3%) obtained good
score, 2(11.8%) obtained average score and
1(5%) obtained below average score. In
urban, highest number of adolescent
students 69(51.9%) obtained good score,
47(35.3%) obtained average score, 9(6.8%)
scored the excellent score as compared to
8(6.0%) obtained to below average score.
The association between knowledge score
of adolescents and place of residence is
found statistically non significant at p<0.05
level.
Hence, it is concluded that place of
residence had no impact on knowledge of
adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse.
Table-11: Frequency, percentage distribution and association of knowledge score regarding psychoactive substance abuse
adolescent students with Education of father N=150
Education of father Knowledge score
Excellent Good Average Below Average Total df χ2
F % f % f % f %
15 26.286*
Illiterate 2 7.1 12 42.9 11 39.3 3 10.7 28
Primary 0 0.0 17 50.0 16 47.1 1 2.9 34
Secondary 1 3.4 11 37.9 16 55.2 1 3.4 29
Senior Secondary 0 0.0 8 88.9 1 11.1 0 0.0 9
Graduation 3 12.5 13 54.2 5 20.8 3 12.5 24
Post Graduation 5 19.2 14 53.8 6 23.1 1 3.8 26
Maximum score=30 *=significant at p<0.05 level
Minimum score=0
Table 11 reveals that In illiterate, the highest
number 12(42.9%) obtained good score,
2(7.1%) obtained excellent,11(39.3%)
obtained average followed by 3(10.7%)
scored below average. In primary, the
highest number 17(50%) scored good,
16(50%) obtained average followed by
1(55.2%) scored below average. In
secondary, the highest number 16(55.2%)
obtained average score, 1(3.4%) obtained
excellent 11(37.9%) scored average and
only 1(3.4%) scored below average. In
senior secondary,8(88.9%) obtained good
score followed by 1(11.1%) scored average.
In graduation, 13(54.2%) were having good
knowledge score, 3(12.5%) were obtained
excellent, 5(20.8%) were average followed
by 3(12.5%) scored below average. In post
graduation, 14(53.8%) obtained good
knowledge score, 5(19.2%) scored
excellent, 6(23.1%) were average, only
1(3.8%) scored below average. The
association between knowledge score of
adolescent students and education of father
is found statistically significant at p>0.05
level.
Hence, it is strongly concluded that
Education of father had an impact on
knowledge of adolescent students regarding
psychoactive substance abuse.
Table-12: Frequency, percentage distribution and association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse with Education of mother. N=150
Education of mother Knowledge score
Excellent Good Average Below Average Total df χ2
F % f % f % f %
15 10.689NS
Illiterate 1 2.9 16 47.1 15 44.1 2 5.9 34
Primary 2 5.6 17 47.2 15 41.7 2 5.6 36
Secondary 1 3.8 13 50.0 11 42.3 1 3.8 26
Senior Secondary 2 15.4 6 46.2 4 30.8 1 7.7 13
Graduation 1 5.3 11 57.9 6 31.6 1 5.3 19
Post Graduation 4 18.2 12 54.5 4 18.2 2 9.1 22
Maximum Score=30 NS=non -significant
Minimum Score=0
Table 12 depicts that 16(47.1%) obtained
good knowledge score were illiterate,
followed by 1(2.9%) obtained excellent,
15(44.1%) were average, 2(5.95) obtained
below average knowledge score. In primary,
17(47.2%) obtained good knowledge score,
2(5.6%) were came under below average
knowledge score, 1(3.8%) were excellent,
7. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
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Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
11(42.3%) were average followed by
1(7.7%) obtained below average knowledge
score. In graduation, the highest number 11
(57.9%) obtained good knowledge score,
1(5.3%) obtained excellent knowledge
score. In post graduation, The highest
number 12(18.2%) obtained excellent
knowledge score, 4(18.2%) obtained
excellent knowledge score, 4(18.2%)
obtained good score,4(18.2%) obtained
below average score. The association
between knowledge of adolescent and
education of mother is found statistically
non significant at p<0.05 level.
Hence, it is evident that education of mother
had no impact on knowledge of adolescent
students regarding psychoactive substance
abuse.
Table-13: Frequency, percentage distribution & association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse with family income (monthly) N=150
Family income(monthly) Knowledge score
Excellent Good Average Below Average Total df χ2
f % f % f % f %
9 13.422 NS
>5000 1 2.3 25 56.8 16 36.4 2 4.5 44
5001-10000 3 8.1 16 43.2 18 48.6 0 0.0 37
10,001-15000 1 4.2 10 41.7 10 41.7 3 12.5 24
>15,000 6 13.3 24 53.3 11 24.4 4 8.9 45
Maximum score=30 NS=non-significant
Minimum score=0
Table 13 shows in >5000, the highest number 25(56.8%) were having good knowledge score
followed by 1(2.3%) obtained excellent knowledge score,16(36.4%)scored average and
2(4.5%) scored below average. In 5001-10000, the highest number 18(48.6%) were having
average knowledge score followed by 3(8.1%) obtained excellent, 16(43.2%) obtained good
knowledge score. The knowledge score in 10000-15000 were obtained similar score for good
and average i.e. 10(41.7%), followed by 3(12.5%) scored below average. The highest number
24(53.3%) obtained the good knowledge score followed by 6(13.3%) obtained excellent
knowledge score,4(8.9%) were scored below average knowledge score.
The association between knowledge and family income is found statistically non significant
at p<0.05 level.
Hence, it is concluded that family income had no impact on knowledge score of adolescent
students regarding psychoactive substance abuse.
Table-14: Frequency, percentage distribution & association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse with mass media exposure N=150
Mass Media Exposure Knowledge score
Excellent Good Average Below Average Total df χ2
f % f % f % f %
12
11.267 NS
Newspaper 2 4.3 21 44.7 21 44.7 3 6.4 47
Television and internet 8 8.9 45 50.0 32 35.6 5 5.6 90
Radio 0 0.0 6 100.0 0 .0 0 0.0 6
Magazines &journal 1 16.7 2 33.3 2 33.3 1 16.7 6
Any other 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1
Maximum score=30 NS=non-significant
Minimum score=0
Table 14 shows similar score 21(44.7%)
belonged to good and average knowledge
score got information from newspaper,
followed by 2(4.3%) were excellent
knowledge score,3(6.4%) were obtained
below average knowledge score. In
television and internet, maximum number
45(50%) scored good knowledge score,
32(35.6%) were obtained average score,
8(8.9%) obtained excellent knowledge
score, 5(35.6%) obtained below average
knowledge score. 6(100%) were obtained
information from radio. Similar 2(33.3%)
scored good and average knowledge score
got the information from magazines &
journal and 1(16.7%) obtained excellent and
below average score respectively.ony
1(100%) obtained information from any
8. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
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Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
other media. The association between
knowledge and mass media exposure is
found statistically non significant at p<0.05
level.
Hence, It is strongly concluded that mass
media exposure had no impact on
knowledge mean score of adolescent
students regarding psychoactive substance
abuse.
Table-15: Frequency, percentage distribution & association of knowledge score of adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse with use of recreational time N=150
Use of recreational time Knowledge score
Excellent Good Average Below Average Total df χ2
f % f % f % f %
9 8.046 NS
With friends 5 8.2 28 45.9 26 42.6 2 3.3 61
Using /surfing internet 0 0.0 13 65.0 5 25.0 2 10.0 20
With family members 6 9.4 30 46.9 23 35.9 5 7.8 64
Any other 0 0.0 4 80.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 5
Maximum score=30 NS=non significant
Minimum score=0
Table 15 shows that Higher number
28(45.9%) obtained good knowledge score
spend their recreational time with friends,
followed by 5(8.2%) obtained excellent
score, 26(42.6%) obtained average, 2
(3.3%) obtained below average. In
using/surfing internet category, the highest
number 13(65.0%) were obtained good
knowledge score followed by 5(25%)
obtained average score, 2(10%) obtained
below average knowledge score. In with
family members category, The highest
number 30(46.9%) obtained good
knowledge score followed by 6(9.4%)
obtained excellent score, 23(35.9%)
obtained average score,5(7.8%) obtained
average score,4(80%) obtained good
knowledge score spend their recreational
time with any other method. Only 1(20%)
obtained average knowledge score.
The relationship between the use of
recreational time and mean knowledge score
is found statistically found non significant at
p<0.05 level.
Hence, it is concluded that use of
recreational time had no impact on
knowledge mean score of adolescent
students regarding psychoactive substance
abuse.
SUMMARY, IMPLICATIONS &
RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter deals with brief account of
study undertaken including the conclusion
from findings, implications for future
research, limitations and recommendation
SUMMARY
Substance abuse identifies as a maladaptive
pattern of substance use manifested by
recurrent and significant adverse
consequences related to repeated use of
substance. Substance abuse has also been
referred to as any use of substances that
poses significant Hazards to Health. Use of
drugs can also have severe detrimental
effects on the immediate family and society
by disrupting its very social fabric.
Psychological forms of treatment such as
counselling and supportive psychotherapy
are found to be useful in dealing with
substance abuse.
The present study was undertaken by the
investigator for assessing the knowledge
and attitude of adolescent students regarding
psychoactive substance abuse in selected
schools, Ludhiana, Punjab
DESCRIPTION OF TOOL
Part-1 consist of questions related to
demographic data of adolescent students
such as age, sex, religion, type of family,
income of the family, education level of
parents, mass media exposure, use of
recreational time.
Part-2 consist of structured questionnaire to
assess the knowledge .Each question is
having four option out of which one is
correct answer. Each correct answer carries
one mark.
9. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
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Part-3 consists of 5 point likert scale to
assess the attitude of adolescent students. It
is having 30 items. It includes positive as
well as negative statements.
MAJOR FINDINGS
The analysis of the data revealed the
following findings.
Maximum 50(33.3%) adolescent
students belonged to age group 16-17
years, they were mostly female from
Sikh religion and belonged to nuclear
family, living in urban area, their
education of parents were up to primary
and secondary, their family
income(monthly) >15000 and majority
used television and internet for gaining
information and spend their recreational
time with family members.
The total mean percentage of adolescent
students knowledge score was 63.6%
regarding psychoactive substance abuse
and they had more knowledge in area
causes and deficit in area pattern of use
and withdrawal symptoms.
Maximum of adolescent students (50%)
had good knowledge score, (36.7%) had
average knowledge and (6%) had below
average knowledge score regarding
psychoactive substance abuse.
Majority of adolescent students (94%)
had the positive attitude score and (6%)
had the negative attitude regarding
psychoactive substance abuse.
The correlation between knowledge and
attitude was found significant i.e.
r=0.037 at p>0.05 level.
Maximum adolescent students
30(63.8%) had the good knowledge
score belongs to age group 15-16 years
and below average score found in age
group 18-19 age group.
Maximum adolescent students
44(54.3%) had good knowledge were
females and least 5(7.2%) had excellent
knowledge score were found in males.
Maximum of adolescent students
40(50%) had good knowledge were
belongs to Sikh religion and only
1(100%) average knowledge score was
Muslim.
Maximum of adolescent students
38(52.1%) had good knowledge were
from nuclear family and only 1(11.1%)
good knowledge belongs to extended
family.
Majority of adolescent students
69(51.9%) had good knowledge were
belongs to urban area and 1(5.9%)
below average belongs to rural area.
Maximum adolescents in education of
father 17(50%) had average knowledge
whose father were educated up to
primary and least 1(3.4%) had the
excellent knowledge score whose father
were educated up to secondary.
Maximum adolescents 17(47.2%) had
good knowledge score whose mother
were educated up to primary and least
1(2.9%) had excellent knowledge score
whose mother were illiterate.
Maximum adolescent students
25(56.8%) had good knowledge were
belongs family income (monthly)<5000.
And least 1(2.3%) obtained the excellent
knowledge also belongs to same group.
Maximum adolescent students 45(50%)
had good knowledge score exposed to
television and internet for getting
information and least 1(100%) had good
knowledge score exposed to any other
method for getting information.
Maximum of adolescent students
30(46.9%) had good knowledge score
used their recreational time with family
members and least 1(80%) had average
knowledge score was used any other
method for using recreational time.
Maximum of adolescent students
48(96%) of age group 16-17 years had
the positive attitude and least 2(13.3%)
of age group 18-19 years had the
negative attitude.
Maximum of adolescent students
79(97.5%) had positive attitude were
females and least 7(10.1%) had negative
attitude were males.
10. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
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Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
Maximum of adolescent students
75(93.8%) had positive attitude were
Sikh and 4(6.1%) had negative attitude
were Hindu.
Maximum of adolescent students
70(95.9%) had positive attitude belongs
to nuclear family and 3(4.1%) had
negative attitude were also belongs to
same category.
Majority of adolescent students
125(94%) had positive attitude belongs
to urban area and 1(5.9%) had negative
attitude belongs to rural area.
Maximum adolescent students
32(94.1%) had the positive attitude
whose father were educated up to
primary and least 1(3.6%) had the
negative attitude was illiterate.
Maximum of adolescent students
35(97.2%) had the positive attitude
whose mother were educated up to
primary and least 1(4.5%) had the
negative attitude whose mother were
educated up to post graduation.
Maximum adolescent students
43(97.7%) had the positive attitude
belongs to income group <5000 and
least 1(4.2%) had the negative attitude
belongs ti income group 10001-15000.
Majority of adolescent students
87(96.7%) had the positive attitude
exposed television and internet in mass
media exposure and 1(16.7%) had the
negative attitude exposed to radio and
magazines & journal.
Maximum adolescent students
62(96.9%) had the positive attitude used
their recreational time with family
members and only 1(5%) had the
negative attitude used recreational time
with friends.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY
The findings of the present study have
several implications, which are discussed in
the following areas.
1. Nursing Practice
2. Nursing Education
3. Nursing Administration
4. General Education in Schools & Colleges
5. General Education to Public
6. Nursing Research
Psychiatric Nursing is a recent
development in the Indian nursing set up.
More & more Nurses are taking up this
speciality. Gradually the role of the
psychiatric nurses is expanding in to liaison
nursing. The assessment of PASUD
knowledge among college students will help
nurses to plan organize health education in
deficit areas of knowledge, guidance and
counselling services for drug abusers and
their families .This will assist in adopting
healthy living and promote mental health.
NURSING PRACTICE
1. A regular health education program
should be carried out by hospital nurse,
primary health nurse and school health
nurses in schools, colleges, hospital &
communities.
2. Counselling centres may be organized to
provide services
3. Teaching parents to provide the child
with secure & healthy home environment to
avoid drugs
4. Promote a well knit family feeling to
interdependence, being wanted and loved.
5. Organize health camps to identify high
risk people in the community.
NURSING EDUCATION
1. Nurse educators need to lay emphasis on
drug abuse in the curriculum and orient the
students to de-addiction centres during
clinical postings.
2. Nurse educators should also give more
emphasis in primary, secondary and tertiary
prevention of PASUD.
3. Conducting in service education program
for nurses & health workers.
NURSING ADMINISTRATION
1. Nurse administrators should take the
initiatives in organising continuing
education programs for nurses for PASUD.
2. Appropriate teaching/ learning material
needs to be prepared and made available for
nurses.
3. Helping in early identification of drug
addict clients from other settings by
providing proper tools and aids.
11. Manpreet Kaur Rattan et.al. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent students regarding psychoactive
substance abuse-exploratory study
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Vol.10; Issue: 4; April 2020
4. Legal control law enforcing agents of all
the levels should be committed and more
vigilant
GENERAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
AND COLLEGES
1. School & College curriculum may
include drug education
2. Teachers n schools should allocate a
certain period on the hazards of drug
addiction
3. Seminars & discussions on the ill effects
of drug abuse need to be organised in
schools & colleges.
4 Short terms courses for teachers and
parents of students should be conducted in
educational institutions.
GENERAL EDUCATION TO PUBLIC
1. The mass-media could be used for drug
education program with special caution.
2. An ideal channel would be face to face
contact with small group discussion and
attempt to answer questions
3. Action through the voluntary sector by
setting up of counselling centres and
different parts of the country
4. Setting of de-addiction centres and after
care centres.
5. Face to face communication with specific
target groups through street group through
street groups through street plays, mine
shows and house to house contacts.
NURSIN RESEARCH
1. More research is needed to find out the
causes and factors predisposing to drug
addictions. It can also help in finding out
better alternatives for individuals at risk and
the time when they are on the verge of
becoming drug addicts.
Recommendations:
Based on the Result of the Study following
Recommendation are made:
The Study can be replicated to the large
sample to validate and generalize its
finding.
The Study may be conducted in different
community health settings.
A Comparative study can be conducted
to assess the knowledge and attitude of
adolescent students regarding
psychoactive substance abuse in rural
and urban community.
An Experimental study can be
conducted to compare the knowledge
and attitude of adolescent students
regarding psychoactive substance abuse
and its prevention after exposed to
structured health education programme
with students who have not been
exposed to such programme.
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How to cite this article: Rattan MK, Sumeriya
NK. Knowledge and attitude of the adolescent
students regarding psychoactive substance
abuse-exploratory study. Int J Health Sci Res.
2020; 10(4):95-107.
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